EN standardisation

Products and Quality

 Complexity for common cements

EU Construction Products
Directive 89/106/EEC

EN 197 EN
conformity
CE Marking
? Attestation of
conformity
system (1+)
EN 196

Technical committee
2

CEN/TC 51
23/05/25
 Complexity for understanding….!

EN Standard content

Note Annex
(informative)

? National annex
(informative)
Publications

National annex
3

(normative)
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 Main objectives

 To present guidelines for understanding EN standards on products

(common cements) and testing

 To describe the logic of assessment of EN conformity

 To strengthen your critical analysis of plant results

 To highlight some industrial levers to guarantee conformity in

accordance with EN requirements
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 Scope and key topics

 CE marking

 EN standardization about products and testing

 Principles
 Main requirements

 How to check EN conformity?

 Characteristic (statistical measures) values and single values
(measures)
 Practical examples from plant autocontrol single values

 Industrial levers to comply with EN standardization

! Out of scope : Annexes, National standards, National referential, etc

5
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 EN - reference documents (1) for common cements

• CE marking

• EN 197 for products

• EN 196 for testing

(1) Except European Directive and Regulations

6
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 Content

1  CE Marking
2  EN 197-1: 2000 regarding products (common cements)
3  EN 197-2: 2000 regarding conformity evaluation
4  EN 196 testing
5  EN 413 regarding masonry cements
6  EN in a production site
7
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 
1 CE Marking
8
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 Brief presentation (from BSI)

 Any product (common cement) coming under a European Directive

and to be placed on the market in the EU, must bear CE marking

 It is a legal requirement. It is mandatory

 CE marking is mainly the application of the Construction Products

Directive (89/106/EEC), then modified by Directive 93/68/EEC

 EEC = European Economic Community is (since 1993) European

Union composed from 25 members
 Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Austria,
Finland, Sweden, Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta,
Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia
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 CE marking is based on a referential
Composed with 4 annexes for application;
requirements for assessment of conformity,
certificate of CE conformity, marking of CE
conformity, composition of committee, form
for requesting CE certificate.

CE marking is a response to the need for an harmonizing

legislation in the European Union.
According to MC.Lorea, Technical Director at European Commission
(enterprise and industry), « a simplification of CPD is on-going »
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 Certification procedure of cement (main rules)

 Factory production control by the manufacturer

 Internal quality audit
 Autocontrol testing of samples

 Tasks for the certification body

 Surveillance, assessment and acceptance of the factory production control
 Evaluation of the results of autocontrol testing of samples
 Audit testing of samples taken at the factory/depot and initial type testing
 Initial inspection of the factory and the factory production control
 Evaluation of test results during the initial period

 Actions in the event of non-conformity

 Actions to be taken by the manufacturer
 Actions to be taken by the certification body
11

 Procedure for third party certification of conformity (see figures below)

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 Procedure for third party certification of cement
1- Initial evaluation
Manufacturer applies for cement certification

Yes New
Factory ?
Initial inspection of factory and
Factory Production Control (FPC) No
Verification of Quality Manual.
Particular
Yes
Inspection
Verification equipment necessary?
used to produce and
testing
No
Arrange for audit sampling & Corrective actions
testing. proposed by
Requirements Yes Plan the Initial Period. manufacturer
are met ?

No First audit sample results

Corrective actions conform to requirements ? No
proposed by
manufacturer Yes
12

Issue the certificate.

Start of Initial Period.
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See next Slide

 Procedure for third party certification of cement
2 - Initial Period
Issue the certificate.
Start of Initial Period.

Initial Period :
- 3 months as a rule
- Minimum 1 audit sample / Month
- 52 autocontrol results
- Evaluation of the composition

Evaluation by the Certification body

Evaluation of the
Not Conforming
autocontrol testing and Cancel the
audit testing results certificate
during the initial period
13

Conforming
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Certificate remains
  En 197-1:2000
2

Composition, specifications and conformity

criteria for common cements
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 Composition, specifications and conformity
criteria for common cements

The European standard was approved by

CEN (European Standardization Committee)
on 21 May 2000

This presentation is composed from extracts of the standard.

A detailed and careful reading of full standard is recommended
15
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 Foreword

 This European standard has been prepared by Technical

Committee CEN/TC51, Cement and Building Limes.

 This European standard replaces ENV 197-1:1992

 This European standard shall be given the status of a national

standard

 EN 197-1 has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN

(initially by European Economic Community in 1969) by the
European Commission and the European Free Trade Association,
and supports essential requirements of EU Directives.
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 Scope

 EN 197-1 defines and gives the specifications of 27 distinct common

cement products and their constituents

 The definition of each cement includes the proportions in which the

constituents are to be combined to produce these distinct products in
a range of six strength classes (1)

 The definition also includes requirements the constituents have to

meet and the mechanical, physical and chemical requirements of the
27 products and strength classes

 EN 197-1 also states the conformity criteria and the related rules.
Necessary durability requirements are also given
17

 (1)
: 3 other classes labelled L exist for low early strength blastfurnace cements (EN 197-4:2004)
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  Definitions
2.1
18
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 Main definitions (1/2)

 Reactive calcium oxide (CaO):

 that fraction of CaO which under normal hardening conditions can form calcium
silicates hydrates or calcium aluminium hydrates

 Reactive silicon oxide (SiO2):

 that fraction of SiO2 which is soluble after HCl attack and with boiling KOH
solution

 Main constituent:
 specially selected inorganic material in a proportion exceeding 5% by mass
related to the sum of all main and minor additional constituents

 Minor additional constituent:

 specially selected inorganic material used in a proportion not exceeding a total of
5% by mass related to the sum of all main and minor additional constituents

 Autocontrol testing:
 Continual testing by the manufacturer of cement spot samples taken at the
19

point(s) of release from the factory/depot

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 Control period :
 Main definitions (2/2)
 Characteristic value:
 value of a required property outside of which lies a specified percentage, the percentile Pk, of all
the values of the population

 Specified characteristic value

 Characteristic (statistical calculated) value of a mechanical, physical or chemical property which
is in the case of an upper limit is not to be exceeded or in the case of a lower limit is, as a
minimum to be reached

 Single result limit value

 Value of a mechanical, physical or chemical property which –for any single test result – in the
case of an upper limit is not to be exceeded or in the case of a lower limit is as a minimum, to be
reached

 Allowable probability of acceptance CR

 For a given sampling plan, the allowed probability of acceptance of cement with a characteristic
value outside the specified characteristic value

 Sampling plan
 Specific plan which states the statistical sample size(s) to be used, the percentile Pk and the
allowable probability of acceptance CR
20

 Spot sample
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 Sample taken at the same time and from one and the same place, relating to the intented tests. It
can be obtained by combining one or more immediately consecutive increments (see EN 196-7)
 Cement (partial standardized definition)

 Cement is a hydraulic binder, i.e. a finely ground inorganic material

which, when mixed with water, forms a paste which sets and
hardens by means of hydration reactions and processes and
which, with hardening, retains its strength and stability even under
water.

 Hydraulic hardening of Cement is primarily due to the hydration of

calcium silicates but other chemical compounds may also
participate in the hardening process, e.g. aluminates

 The sum of the proportions of reactive CaO and reactive SiO2 in

Cement shall be at least 50% by mass when the proportions are
determined in accordance with EN 196-2
21
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  Main Constituents
2.2
22
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 Main constituents (1/4)

Specifications
Portland cement At least 2/3 by mass of calcium silicates (C3S & C2S)
CaO / SiO2 shall not be less than 2.0
clinker
(K) MgO content shall not exceed 5.0% by mass

Granulated At least 2/3 by mass of glassy slag

blastfurnace At least 2/3 by mass of the sum CaO + MgO + SiO2
slag
(CaO + MgO) / SiO2 shall exceed 1.0
(S)

Natural
pozzolana
(P)
The reactive SiO2 shall not be less than 25.0% by mass
The proportion of reactive CaO for hardening is negligible
Natural calcined
pozzolana
23

(Q)
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 Main constituents (2/4)

Specifications
LOI (1h) shall not exceed 5,0% by mass
LOI
from 5,0 to 7,0% (max limit) may also be accepted if stated on the packaging
Siliceous and/or delivery note
fly ash Reactive CaO shall be less than 10,0% by mass
(V) Free lime shall not exceed 1,0% by mass
Free
lime value > 1,0% but < 2.5% is acceptable if expansion (soundness) does not
exceed 10 mm when tested using a mixture of 30% by mass of V and 70% by

LOI (1h) shall not exceed 5,0% by mass

LOI
from 5,0 to 7,0% (max limit) may also be accepted if stated on the packaging
Calcareous and/or delivery note
fly ash Reactive CaO shall not be less than 10,0% by mass.
(W)
Calcareousfly ash containing between 10,0 and 15,0% by mass of reactive CaO
shall contain not less than 25,0% by mass of reactive SiO 2

After burning of shale at approximately 800°C.

composition is mainly C2S, CA, CaO, CaSO4, reactive SiO2
Burnt shale Compressive strength (according to an adequately preparation) shall be at
24

(T) least 25,0 MPa at 28 days

Expansion of burnt shale shall not exceed 10 mm when tested using a
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mixture of 30% by mass of ground burnt shale and 70% by mass of a CEM I
 Main constituents (3/4)

Specifications
CaCO3 content calculated from CaO content shall be at least 75% by mass.

The clay content (methylene blue test) shall not exceed 1,20 g/100 g in
Limestone (L, specific condition of preparation.
LL)
LL: TOC content shall not exceed 0,20 % by mass

L: TOC content shall not exceed 0,50 % by mass

At least 85% by mass of amorphous (reactive) SiO2.

LOI shall not exceed 4?0% by mass in accordance with testing method
Silica fume (D)
The specific surface (BET) of the untreated silica fume shall be at least 15,0
m /g when tested in accordance with specific standard.
2
25
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 Other constituents (4/4)

Specifications
Specially selected, inorganic natural mineral materials, inorganic mineral
materials derived from the clinker production process or constituents (as
Minor described before), unless they are included as main constituents in the cement.
additional They can be inert or have slightly hydraulic, latent hydraulic or pozzolanic
constituents
properties.
However, no requirements are set for them in this respect

CaSO4 can be gypsum, hemihydrate or anhydrite or any mixture of them.

Calcium sulfate Calcium sulfate is also available as a by-product (phosphogypsum, etc..) of
certain industrial processes

Additives are added to improve the manufacture of the properties of the

cement
Additives The total quantity of additives shall not exceed 1,0% by mass of the cement
Thequantity of organic additives on a dry basis shall not exceed 0.5% by
26

mass on the cement

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  Composition and notation
2.3
27
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 Composition and notation

Cement / clinker
Notation
range (1)

CEM I Portland cement 1.00 – 1.05

CEM II Portland – composite cement 1.06 - 1.54

CEM III Blastfurnace cement 1.56 – 20.0

CEM IV Pozzolanic cement 1.12 - 2.22

CEM V Composite cement 1.56 – 5.00

28

(1): Calcium sulfate is not taken into account

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  Mechanical, physical, chemical
2.4
and durability requirements
29
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 Mechanical and physical requirements given as
characteristic values (statistical calculated results)

Compressive strength (MPa)

Initial setting Soundness
time (Expansion)
Class Early strength Standard strength

2 days 7 days 28 days min mm

32.5N > 16.0

> 32.5 < 52.5 > 75
32.5R > 10.0

42.5N > 10.0

> 42.5 < 62.5 > 60 < 10
42.5R > 20.0

52.5N > 20.0

> 52.5 > 45
30

52.5R > 30.0

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 Chemical requirements(1) given as
characteristic values (statistical calculated results)

Property Test reference Cement type Strength class Requirements

CEM I
Loss of ignition EN 196-2 all < 5.0%
CEM III

Insoluble CEM I
EN 196-2 all < 5.0%
residue CEM III
32.5N
CEM I < 3.5%
32.5N
CEM II 42.5N
Sulfate content
EN 196-2 CEM IV 42.5R
(as SO3)
52.5N < 4.0%
CEM V
52.5R
CEM III all
Chloride content EN 196-21 All all < 0.10%
Pozzolanicity EN 196-5 CEM IV all Satisfies the test
31
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(1) Not more than 0,0002 % of water-soluble hexavalent chromium, determined as percentage by
mass of dry cement
  Standard designation
2.5
32
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 CEM cements shall be identified by at least the
notation of the cement type and the figures 32.5,
42.5 or 52.5 indicating the class strength
In order to indicate the early strength class, the
letter N or R shall be added as appropriate
Examples
- CEM I 42.5 R
- CEM II/A-L 32.5 N
- CEM III/A-M (S-V-L) 32.5 R
- CEM V/A (S-V) 32.5 N
33
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  Conformity criteria
2.6
34
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 Principles of procedure for checking conformity
by the manufacturer

Autocontrol test results (spot samples) in the control period

CONFORMITY

Statistical conformity
criteria Conformity criteria
Single result for cement
conforming composition and
criteria for properties of
Inspection Inspection the cement
by or by constituents
variables attributes
35

CONFORMITY
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 Properties, test methods and minimum testing
frequencies for the autocontrol testing by the
manufacturer (statistical assessment procedure)

Minimum testing Statistical assessment

frequency procedure
Cements to
Property Test method
be tested Initial period for
Routine Inspection Inspection
a new type of
situation by variables by attributes
cement

Early and
all EN 196-1 2/week 4/week X
standard strength

Initial setting time all EN 196-3 2/week 4/week Possible X

Soundness
all EN 196-3 1/week 4/week X
(expansion)

Loss of ignition CEM I and III EN 196-2 2/month 1/week Possible X

Insoluble residue CEM I and III EN 196-2 2/month 1/week Possible X

Sulfate content all EN 196-2 2/week 4/week Possible X

Chloride content all EN 196-21 2/month 1/week Possible X

36

Pozzolanicity CEM IV EN 196-5 2/month 1/week X

Composition all 1/month 1/week

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 Statistical conformity criteria

 Conformity shall be formulated in terms of a statistical criterion

based on
 The specified characteristic values for mechanical, physical and
chemical properties
 The percentile Pk (5 or 10%) on which the specified characteristic
value is based
 The allowable probability of acceptance CR (5%)

Mechanical requirements
Physical and
Early and standard Standard strength chemical
strength (lower limit) (upper limit) requirements

Percentile Pk on which
the characteristic value is 5% 10%
based
Allowable probability of
37

5%
acceptance CR
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Conformity shall be verified either by variables or by attributes

 Inspection by variables

 For this inspection, test results are assumed to be normally

distributed

 Conformity is verified when equations (1) and (2) as relevant are

satisfied :

 (1) X – Ka * S > L and (2) X + Ka * S < U

 X = arithmetic mean of all autocontrol test results in the control
period (usually 12 months)
 S = standard deviation of all autocontrol test results in the control
period (usually 12 months)
 Ka is the acceptability constant (depends on number of test results).
• For a 12-month period, and 2 tests/week:
 Ka = 1.93 for early and standard strength, lower limit

 Ka = 1.53 for other properties

38

 L is the specified lower limit

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 U is the specified upper limit

 Calculation of expected plant autocontrol mean of
compressive strengths for 32.5 class

L 2 days = L 7 days = L 28 days = L 28 days =

STATISTICAL CONFORMITY CRITERIA - INSPECTION Minimum Minimum Minimum Maximum
BY VARIABLES - Testing frequency = 2/week and the plant average plant average plant average plant average
considered period is 12 months value at 2 value at 2 value at 28 value at 28
days days days days

Class at Ka (Pka Ka (Pka

Class at 28 days Class at 2 days S L2 L7 L 28 U 28
7 days 5%) 10%)
32,5 52,5 32,5N 16 1 1,93 1,53 18 34 51
32,5 52,5 32,5N 16 1,5 1,93 1,53 18 35 50
32,5 52,5 32,5N 16 2 1,93 1,53 19 36 49
32,5 52,5 32,5N 16 2,5 1,93 1,53 20 37 49
32,5 52,5 32,5N 16 3 1,93 1,53 21 38 48
32,5 52,5 32,5N 16 4 1,93 1,53 22 40 46
32,5 52,5 32,5R 10 1 1,93 1,53 12 34 51
32,5 52,5 32,5R 10 1,5 1,93 1,53 13 35 50
32,5 52,5 32,5R 10 2 1,93 1,53 14 36 49
32,5 52,5 32,5R 10 2,5 1,93 1,53 15 37 49
32,5 52,5 32,5R 10 3 1,93 1,53 16 38 48
32,5 52,5 32,5R 10 4 1,93 1,53 18 40 46
39
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 Calculation of expected plant autocontrol mean of
compressive strengths for 42.5 class

L 2 days = L 7 days = L 28 days = L 28 days =

STATISTICAL CONFORMITY CRITERIA - INSPECTION Minimum Minimum Minimum Maximum
BY VARIABLES - Testing frequency = 2/week and the plant average plant average plant average plant average
considered period is 12 months value at 2 value at 2 value at 28 value at 28
days days days days

Class at Ka (Pka Ka (Pka

Class at 28 days Class at 2 days S L2 L7 L 28 U 28
7 days 5%) 10%)
42,5 62,5 42,5N 10 1 1,93 1,53 12 44 61
42,5 62,5 42,5N 10 1,5 1,93 1,53 13 45 60
42,5 62,5 42,5N 10 2 1,93 1,53 14 46 59
42,5 62,5 42,5N 10 2,5 1,93 1,53 15 47 59
42,5 62,5 42,5N 10 3 1,93 1,53 16 48 58
42,5 62,5 42,5N 10 4 1,93 1,53 18 50 56
42,5 62,5 42,5R 20 1 1,93 1,53 22 44 61
42,5 62,5 42,5R 20 1,5 1,93 1,53 23 45 60
42,5 62,5 42,5R 20 2 1,93 1,53 24 46 59
42,5 62,5 42,5R 20 2,5 1,93 1,53 25 47 59
42,5 62,5 42,5R 20 3 1,93 1,53 26 48 58
42,5 62,5 42,5R 20 4 1,93 1,53 28 50 56
40
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 Example of 32.5 class, practically
!!!
Minimum autocontrol Std MPa 1 2 3 4
34 36 38 40
average (MPa)

Lower limit
Upper limit
at 28 days
at 28 days
> 32.5
< 52.5

MPa

Adjustment of target for autocontrol plant value

41

mainly depends on the uniformity (std) of MPa

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 Example of 32.5 class, practically

32.5 CLASS - Adjustment of target (MPa 28 days) = f ( STD MPa at 28 days)

54

52 UPPER LIMIT / NON-CONFORMITY ZONE

50

48
Average at 28 days (Mpa)

46

44 Area to adjust the TARGET VALUE (i.e. average) U 28

42 depending on standard-deviation
(MPa at 28 days)
40 L 28
38

36

34

32
LOWER LIMIT / NON-CONFORMITY ZONE
30
1 1,5 2 2,5 3 4
42

STD at 28 days (MPa)

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 Inspection by Attributes

The number Cd of test results outside the characteristic value shall

be counted and compared with an acceptable number Ca,
calculated from the number n of autocontrol test results and the
percentile Pk as specified (10%)

Conformity is verified when equation Cd < Ca is satisfied.

If number of test results n = 100, Ca = 5
These values given are valid for CR = 5%

Example for CEM II 32.5 N : SO3 < 3.5%

For a period of 12 months (i.e. 104 results) :
up to 5 results can be > 3.5%
43

but all results shall be < 4.0% (limit for single result – see next slide)
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 Limit values for single results
Limit values for single results
Property Strength class
32.5N 32.5R 42.5N 42.5R 52.5N 52.5R
Early strength (MPa) lower limit 2 day 8.0 8.0 18.0 18.0 28.0
value 7 day 14.0
Standard strength (MPa) lower
28 day 30.0 30.0 40.0 40.0 50.0 50.0
limit value
Initial setting time (min) lower limit value 60 50 40
Soundness (expansion, mm) upper limit value 10
CEM I
CEM II
4.0 4.5
CEM IV
Sulfate content (as
SO3%) upper limit CEM V
value
CEM III/A
4.5
CEM III/B
CEM III/C 5.0
44

Chloride content (%) upper limit value 0.10

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Pozzolanicity Positive at 15 days

  EN 197-2:2000
3

Conformity evaluation
45
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 Conformity evaluation

EN 197-2 specifies the scheme for the

evaluation of conformity of cements to their
corresponding product specification standards,
including certification of conformity by a
certification body

This presentation is composed from extracts of the standard.

A detailed and careful reading of full standard is recommended.
46
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 Simplified content

 Factory production control by the manufacturer

 Tasks for the certification body

 Actions in the event of non-conformity

 Procedure for third party certification of non-conformity

 Certificate of conformity and conformity mark

 Requirements for dispatching centres

To sum up :
EN 197-2 presents the ‘system’ to comply with EN 197-1
47
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  EN 196 Testing
4
48
23/05/25
 Main normative references
 EN 196-1
 Methods of testing cement – Part 1 : Strength determination

 EN 196-2
 Methods of testing cement – Part 2 : Chemical analysis of cement.

 EN 196-3
 Methods of testing cement – Part 3 : Determination of setting time and soundness

 EN 196-5
 Methods of testing cement – Part 5 : Pozzolanicity test for pozzolanic cements.

 EN 196-6
 Methods of testing cement – Part 6 : Determination of fineness

 EN 196-7
 Methods of testing cement – Part 7 : Methods of taking and preparing cement samples

 EN 196-10
 Methods of testing cement — Part 10: Determination of the water-soluble chromium (VI)
content of cement
49

 EN 196-21
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 Methods of testing cement – Part 21 : Determination of the chloride, carbon dioxide and
alkali content of cement (is currently being incorporated into EN 196-1)
  EN 413
5

Masonry Cement
50
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 EN 413 - Scope

 This European standard specifies the definition and composition of

masonry cements as commonly used in Europe

 EN 413 « logic » is the same as EN 197 for common cements

Content % by mass
Type
Portland cement clinker Additives

MC 5 > 25

MC 12.5 and MC 12.5 X (b) > 40 < 1 (a)

MC 22.5 X (b)

(a) The quantity of organic additives on a dry basis shall not exceed 0.5% by
mass of masonry cement
51

(b) X : in which an air entraining agent is not incorporated

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  EN standardisation in a production site
6
52
23/05/25
 Road Map to P&Q Mastery

DIFFERENTIATION

Innovative

n
Products

tio
sa
Cementitious based

ni
Value added products

ga

Ri
Or

sk
Cost of
&

Ma
Benchmarking
i ll s

Quality

na
Sk

ge
m
Quality Management of

en
Contracts Usage Qualities

t
Blends & Capability
Quality driven
Cementitious Consistency
Waste Management
Mastery Performance
Laboratory Quality Data QA/QC
accuracy Management Referential
53

Compliance with EN Standardisation

23/05/25

is an essential rule
 EN conformity mastery : Key Principles

 Performance and uniformity of products

 Compliance with EN requirements

 Reliability of manufacturing

 Accuracy of laboratory results

 Conformity assessment
54
23/05/25
 EN conformity mastery : Industrial Levers

 Conformity and specification of :

 Clinker
 Constituents
 Calcium sulfate
 Additives

 Cement composition
 Weight feeders accuracy and reliability
 Composition control during cement milling

 Fineness
 To always be able to estimate clinker fineness in cement
55

  Effective Control Plan (see LQTS)

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