OPERATORS IN C++

Operators in C++
 An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform
specific mathematical or logical manipulations. C++ is rich in
built-in operators and provide the following types of operators
−
 Arithmetic Operators
 Relational Operators
 Logical Operators
 Bitwise Operators
 Assignment Operators
 Misc Operators
 ARITHMETIC OPERATORS

 There are following arithmetic operators supported by C++ language .

Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20.
Operat Description Example
or

+ Adds two operands A + B will give 30

- Subtracts second operand from the first A - B will give -10

* Multiplies both operands A * B will give 200

/ Divides numerator by de-numerator B / A will give 2

% Modulus Operator and remainder of after B % A will give 0

an integer division

++ Increment operator, increases integer A++ will give 11

value by one

-- Decrement operator, decreases integer A-- will give 9

value by one
 Relational Operators

 There are following relational operators supported by C++

language.Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20, then −
Operator Description Example

== Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if yes then (A == B) is not true.
condition becomes true.

!= Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if values (A != B) is true.
are not equal then condition becomes true.

> Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of (A > B) is not true.
right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.

< Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right (A < B) is true.
operand, if yes then condition becomes true.

>= Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the (A >= B) is not true.
value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.

<= Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the (A <= B) is true.
value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
 Logical Operators

 There are following logical operators supported by C++

language.Assume variable A holds 1 and variable B holds 0, then −

Operator Description Example

&& Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are non-zero, (A && B) is false.
then condition becomes true.

|| Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands is non- (A || B) is true.

zero, then condition becomes true.

! Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical state !(A && B) is true.
of its operand. If a condition is true, then Logical NOT operator
will make false.
 Bitwise Operators

 Bitwise operator works on bits and perform bit-by-bit operation. The

truth tables for &, |, and ^ are as follows −

p q p&q p|q p^q

0 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 1 1

1 1 1 1 0

1 0 0 1 1
 Bitwise Operators
Assume if A = 60; and B = 13; now in binary format they will be as
follows −

A = 0011 1100
B = 0000 1101
-----------------
A&B = 0000 1100
A|B = 0011 1101
A^B = 0011 0001
~A = 1100 0011
 Bitwise Operators
Operator Description Example

& Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it

(A & B) will give 12 which is 0000 1100
exists in both operands.

| Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either (A | B) will give 61 which is 0011 1101
operand.

^ Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one

(A ^ B) will give 49 which is 0011 0001
operand but not both.

~ Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has (~A ) will give -61 which is 1100 0011 in
the effect of 'flipping' bits. 2's complement form due to a signed
binary number.

<< Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is

moved left by the number of bits specified by the right A << 2 will give 240 which is 1111 0000
operand.

>> Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is

moved right by the number of bits specified by the A >> 2 will give 15 which is 0000 1111
right operand.
 Assignment Operators

Operato Description Example

r

= Simple assignment operator, Assigns

values from right side operands to C = A + B will assign value of
left side operand. A + B into C

+= Add AND assignment operator, It

adds right operand to the left C += A is equivalent to C = C
operand and assign the result to left + A
operand.

-= Subtract AND assignment operator,

It subtracts right operand from the C -= A is equivalent to C = C -
left operand and assign the result to A
left operand.

*= Multiply AND assignment operator, It

multiplies right operand with the left C *= A is equivalent to C = C *
operand and assign the result to left A
operand.
 Assignment Operators

Operato Description Example

r

/= Divide AND assignment operator, It

divides left operand with the right C /= A is equivalent to C = C /
operand and assign the result to left A
operand.

%= Modulus AND assignment operator,

It takes modulus using two operands C %= A is equivalent to C = C
and assign the result to left operand. % A

<<= Left shift AND assignment operator.

C <<= 2 is same as C = C <<
2

>>= Right shift AND assignment

operator. C >>= 2 is same as C = C >>
2
 Assignment Operators

Operator Description Example

&= Bitwise AND assignment operator. C &= 2 is same as C = C & 2

^= Bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator. C ^= 2 is same as C = C ^ 2

|= Bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator.

C |= 2 is same as C = C | 2
 Misc Operators

Sr.No Operator & Description

1 sizeof
sizeof operator returns the size of a variable. For example, sizeof(a), where ‘a’ is integer, and
will return 4.

2 Condition ? X : Y
Conditional operator (?) If Condition is true then it returns value of X otherwise returns
value of Y.

3 ,
Comma operator causes a sequence of operations to be performed. The value of the entire
comma expression is the value of the last expression of the comma-separated list.

4 . (dot) and -> (arrow)

Member operators are used to reference individual members of classes, structures, and
unions.

5 Cast
Casting operators convert one data type to another. For example, int(2.2000) would return
2.

6 & Pointer operator & returns the address of a variable. For example &a; will give actual
address of the variable.