GENDERED

LIVELIHOODS IN
DIVERSE GLOBAL
CONTEXTS
GENDER
ANALYSIS
RINCE GLOMAR
Gender Analysis
What is Gender Analysis?

• "Gender Analysis is a tool that helps

improve the planning, execution,
monitoring, and evaluation of programs
and projects. It makes sure these
programs are more efficient and
relevant to everyone (men and women).
It goes beyond just listing the
differences between men and women,
and focuses on understanding why
these differences exist, especially the
unfairness that may be present."
 THINK OF A JOB OR TASK THAT
PEOPLE USUALLY EXPECT A MAN
OR A WOMAN TO DO? WHAT IF WE
SWITCHED ROLES—WOULD IT STILL
WORK?
 IMPORTANCE OF GENDER ANALYSIS
• It helps avoid wrong assumptions about
the roles and responsibilities of men and
women, and guides in asking clear
questions about gender relations.

• It is essential for gender mainstreaming,

making sure that development programs
respond to the different needs and
limitations of both women and men.
 IMPORTANCE OF GENDER ANALYSIS
• It helps understand who does what in
society, who has access to and control
over resources, and how gender roles
affect daily life.

• It starts by collecting sex-disaggregated

data and gender-sensitive information to
create better and more effective
development plans.
 EMPOWERMENT
AND
WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
LOUGEN G. LOZADA
 WHAT DOES
EMPOWERMENT MEAN TO
YOU?
HOW WOULD YOU
DEFINE WOMEN’S
EMPOWERMENT?
 EMPOWERMENT
• Both women and men are taking control
over their lives by setting their own
agendas, gaining skills (or having their
own skills and knowledge recognized)
increasing their self-confidence, solving
problems and developing self-reliance.

• It is both a process (ongoing

development) and an outcome (achieved
goals).

• Empowerment implies an expansion in

women’s ability to make strategic life
choices in a context where this ability was
 WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
TO EMPOWER
• Means to authorize, delegate or give
legal power to someone.

The feminist movements resulted in feminine

conscientization against patriarchal
subjugation. (Kandiyoti 1998; Mehra 1997,
Kabeer 2001)

Empowerment studies at the macro level

focused on social inclusion. The growth of the
civil society and participatory development
methods at macro levels were proposed as
mechanisms by which social inclusion and
therefore, empowerment could take place
 WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IS DEFINED AS THE
‘GRADUAL EMANCIPATION OF WOMEN FROM THE
PATRIARCHAL MINDSET, BELIEF SYSTEM AND
BEHAVIOR IN THE SIX DIMENSIONS OF PATRIARCHY
IDENTIFIED BY WALBY (1990).

THE SIX STRUCTURE

PAID EMPLOYMENT MALE-TO-FEMALE VIOLENCE CULTURAL SPHERE

THE HOUSEHOLD THE STATE SEXUALITY

 FEMINISM AND WOMEN
EMPOWERMENT
FEMINISM
• An awareness of patriarchal control
exploitation and oppression at the material
and ideological levels of women’s in labor,
fertility and sexuality in the family at the
place of work and in the society in general,
and conscious action by women and men
to transform the present situation (Bhasin
& Khan, 1999).

• This laid the Foundation of EVE

EMPOWERMENT.
 THE THREE (3) WAVES OF
FEMINISM
FIRST WAVE SECOND WAVE
• Addressed a wide range of issue, including
• Focused on inequalities like
unofficial inequalities, official legal
gaining women’s suffrage (the
inequalities, sexuality, inequalities in the
right to vote) and civil and
family and workplace and reproductive
political rights. Among other
rights.
things, it won legal rights
• The black feminist have prioritized
concerning education and the
differences based on race and challenged
right to annual a marriage
the tendency within feminism to ignore it.
through divorce.
• The first wave created the While sex differences are linked to
biological differences between male and
Liberal and the Socialist
female, gender differences are imposed
feminism.
socially or even politically by constructed
contrasting stereotypes of masculinity and
 THE THREE (3) WAVES OF
FEMINISM
THIRD WAVE
• The third wave feminist have changed the outlook with their
increasing participation in science and scholarships which
seems to have succeeded in involving them in political
GENDERorganizations
STUDIES and issues.
• The new field Of studies on women which emphasizes that, women can be
seen as something other than sexual beings and accessories.

It is a struggle to achieve equality, dignity, rights freedom for women to

control their lives and bodies both within home and outside.
• ·This belief constitutes the essence of EVE EMPOWERMENT.
• As a consequence of feminist movements, the Indian Government has
made legal and constitutional amendments to bring about improvement in
the conditions of women
 GENDERED
LIVELIHOODS
 GENDER LIVELIHOOD
• Refer to how men and women adopt different
strategies to make a living, shaped by gender roles and
social expectations.
• It highlights the inequalities between men and women
in securing income, land, education, and decision-
making power
EXAMPLES OF CASE STUDY
A. Women Farmers in Mexico 1990s - 2000s
(Calakmul Biosphere Reserve)

• IN MANY RURAL AREAS OF MEXICO, WOMEN WERE

SEEN ONLY AS HOUSEWIVES OR HELPERS, NOT AS
REAL FARMERS.
• BECAUSE OF THIS SOCIAL LABEL, WOMEN WERE
EXCLUDED FROM LAND OWNERSHIP, EVEN THOUGH
THEY WORKED ON THE LAND.
• N THE 1990S AND EARLY 2000S, SOME WOMEN GOT
INVOLVED IN CONSERVATION AND BIODIVERSITY
 B. INDIAN SELF-EMPLOYED WOMEN’S
ASSOCIATION (SEWA)

• SEWA IS A TRADE UNION IN INDIA THAT ORGANIZES

WOMEN WHO WORK IN THE INFORMAL SECTOR.
• These are women like street vendors, home-based
workers, weavers, etc., who often don’t have formal
jobs or contracts.

C. AFRICAN WOMEN’S LAND RIGHTS —

RWANDAS EXAMPLE

IN MANY AFRICAN COUNTRIES, TRADITIONAL

(CUSTOMARY) LAWS SAY ONLY MEN CAN INHERIT OR OWN
LAND.
- THIS LEFT WOMEN WITH NO LEGAL RIGHT TO LAND,
EVEN AFTER THEIR HUSBAND’S DEATH.
- AFTER THE 1994 GENOCIDE, RWANDA INTRODUCED
LAND REFORMS.
 LIVELIHOOD AS GENDERED
• Our livelihoods, or how we make a living, are central to who we
are, where we fit into our society and into increasingly-global
economic systems, and our material wellbeing. Through our
livelihoods we engage and interact both with other people and
with our environments.
CHAMBERS AND CONWAY’S (1991) FRAMEWORK:
They say a livelihood is made up of:
1.people, including their abilities
2.people's activities, or what they do (and we might also say their
practices)
3.people's assets, or what they have (both tangible stores and
resources and intangible claims and access)
GENDERED INSTITUTIONS AND RURAL LIVELIHOOD
LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES ARE INFLUENCED BY ACCESS TO AND CONTROL OVER
ASSETS, ACCESS TO MARKETS, INFORMATION AND ORGANIZATION, EFFECTIVE
MANAGEMENT OF VULNERABILITY AND THE INTERACTION OF THESE POLICIES AT
THE GLOBAL, NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS.
GENDER LENS
INVESTING
 GENDER LENS INVESTING
• is the practice of investing for
financial return while also
considering the benefits to
women, through improving
economic opportunities and social
well-being for girls and women.
Gender lens investing can include funding women-owned businesses,
businesses with a strong record of employing women , or companies that
improve the lives of women and girls, with their products and services. Sarah
Kaplan and Jackie Vender Burg of U.S. Trust wrote of the practice that
“Women launching and expanding ventures around the world have an
estimated collective credit gap of $320 billion (the difference between the
capital they are seeking and the credit to which they have access), which
creates a major opportunity for investors.
• Example: Funding a cooperative of women farmers in Bulan that
Women effect investors are women, men and institutions.
Some are women effect investors without realizing it. This is a
new field and it’s evolving.
• Example: A man who invests in tech start-ups because he
believes in their product, unaware that the CEO and
majority employees are women.

Looking at a portfolio through these lenses may not mean we

have to move money from one asset to another.

• Example: If you invested in a farming business, you can

ask. Are women farmers getting equal pay? Are they
included in decision making?
Investing in women and girls is not about negatively affecting
men and boys or leaving them out. However, gender
inequality has been ignored for so long that there is value in
over emphasizing is now.
• Example: Providing scholarships specifically for girls in
fields where they are underpresented(like STEM) doesn’t
mean boys will be denied education. It means creating
more opportunities for girls who might face barriers.

One key frame lies, in the fact that women have less access
to capital around the globe. This is true in emerging markets
in the global and it’s true in tech-start ups in silicon valley.
The scale, shape and consequences of the problem are
different, of course, but the fundamental issue is exactly the
same.
•In Africa, women farmers can’t get loans for eqipment. In silicon valley, women
tech founders struggle to find investors for their start-ups.

A GENDER LENS REQUIRES TO FOCUS ON THE

FOLLOWING FACTORS:
ASSETS (SOCIAL,FINANCIAL, HUMAN,
PHYSICAL, NATURAL

MARKETS
RISK AND VULNERABILITY
KNOWLEDGE, INFORMATION AND ORGANIZATIONS
(WORLD BANK ET AL. 2008)

EXAMPLES:
WOMEN’S LIVELIHOOD BOND (WLB)
CALVERT IMPACT CAPITAL
SHE INVESTMENT
VILLGRO PHILIPPINES
 Welcome
to the Game!
Icebreaker
1. Divide students into two teams
2. One player (the actor) selects an emotion from the list
3. The actor has 30-60 seconds to act out the emotion without
using any words or sounds. They can use body language,
facial expressions, and gestures to convey the emotion.
4. The other students try to guess the emotion being
portrayed. They can shout out their guesses.

Rules:
1. No talking, mouthing words, or making sounds during the
acting.
2. If the team or group guesses the emotion correctly, they
score a point.
3. After a correct guess or the timer runs out, the next player
takes their turn.
MENTAL HEALTH AND
EMOTIONS
 WHAT IS MENTAL HEALTH?
• Refers to a person’s emotional,
psychological, and social well-
being. It affects how we think, feel,
and act, and it also influences how
we handle stress, relate to others,
and make choices. Mental health is
important at every stage of life,
from childhood and adolescence
through adulthood.
 MENTAL HEALTH INFLUENCES YOUR THOUGHTS AND
ACTIONS AND IT COVERS THREE MAIN TYPES OF
WELL-BEING:

PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING
• Refers to how we think about ourselves and our lives.

Emotional Well-being
• Refers specifically to how we manage and express our
emotions.
SOCIAL WELL-BEING:
• Refers to the quality of our relationships and interactions with
others.
WHAT IS EMOTIONAL HEALTH?
• Refers to the ability to understand,
manage, and express your
emotions in a positive and
constructive way. It involves being
aware of your feelings, handling
stress effectively, building healthy
relationships, and coping with
life’s challenges without letting
emotions overwhelm you.
 • Some differences that separate Mental
health from Emotional health include:
1. Processing Information Vs. Expressing
emotions.
2. One can thrive while the other struggles.
3. The scope of the two terms.
EMOTIONAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH?
• Mental health deals with behaviors that relate to the
mind or brain. Related problems that develop are
typically the result of a chemical imbalance in the
brain. These issues may include:
1.)Anxiety
2.)Depression
3.)Bipolar disorder
4.)Disordered eating
5.)PTSD
How to tell if someone is struggling mentally or
emotionally?
Mentally:
1. They may have trouble concentrating or making
decisions.
2. They talk about feeling hopeless or worthless.
3. They stop doing things they used to enjoy or isolate
themselves.

Emotionally:
1. They might feel very sad, angry, or anxious for no
clear reason.
2. They get upset or frustrated easily.
3. They avoid friends, family, or social events.
4. They might cry a lot or seem sad without a clear
What to do?
✓ Listen Without Judgment
✓ Validate Their Feelings
✓ Encourage Seeking Professional Help
✓ Check them Regularly
✓ Respect Their Boundaries
✓ Take Care of Yourself
 “MENTAL HEALTH IS NOT A
DESTINATION, BUT A PROCESS. IT’S
ABOUT HOW YOU DRIVE, NOT
WHERE YOU’RE GOING” -NOAM
SPENCER
 Assignment: (5 points)
Imagine your emotions are like
weather forecast. What kind of
weather would you say your
emotions are experiencing today
and why?
THANK YOU!!!!!