Classification of fungi
Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum:- Chytridiomycota (Flagellated, Zoosporic Fungi)
They occur commonly aquatic and soil habitat and Olpidium,
Physoderma and Synchytrium occur parasitically on plants.
They have round or elongated mycelium that-lacks cross walls
(coenocytic structure of the thallus) and rare septate hyphae.
The chief component of cell wall is chitin.
Produced motile zoospores that have a single posterior whiplash
flagellum. This uniflagellate zoospores is unique feature of phylum.
Some genera lack mycelium, unicellular and holocarpic.
Asexual reproduction is sporangium. The protoplast of multinucleate
sporangium get differentiates into uninucleate zoospore.
Sexual reproduction by conjugation of zoospore (planogametic
copulation).
Some genera of this fungus produce fine thread-like structures called
rhizoids. Some species produce a network of rhizoids called
rhizomycelium.
Class: Chytridiomycetes
Order: Chytridiales
Family: synchytriaceae
Genus: Synchytrium
S.endobioticum cause disease black wart of potato.
The disease is quarantine importance, in India it is restricted to
Dargelling district of Westbengal.
Pathogen is obligate endoparasite.
Thallus is holocarpic and endobiotic
It also act as vector of Potato mop top virus and Potato virus X.
Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum:- Chytridiomycota
Order: Chytridiales
Family: Chytridiaceae
Genera: Synchytrium
Synchytrium endobioticum causing- Black wart disease of potato
Black wart disease of potato
Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum: Zygomycota (Zygospore-forming Fungi)
Majority of this fungus are saprophytic or parasitic on plants, human
and animals. Some are bread molds and dung loving fungus.
It produce well develop, branched mycelium, consisting grey or white
aseptate hyphae (coenocytic).
Cell wall is made up of chitosan-chitin.
Motile cells (spore) or zoospore is absent.
Aseptate hyphae
Asexual reproduction takes place by non-motile (Aplanospore)
sporangiospores and some by chlamydospores.
Sexual reproduction takes place by gametangial fusion (copulation) and
results in thick wall sexual spore called zygospore (2N) (sexual spore).
Zygospore is also called resting spore resist against unfavorable
conditions.
Gametangial fusion (copulation)
• Some members are of great value in industries such as fermentation,
production of acids etc; Ex: Rhizopus sp. Used in preparation off cheese
and Temph (fermented food from soybean).
• Some members are parasites of Plant and animals. Ex: Rhizopus stolonifer
– Soft rot of Sweet potatoes.
Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum: Zygomycota (Zygospore-forming Fungi)
Order: Mucorales
Family: Mucoraceae
Genera: 1. Rhizopus stolonifer
2. Mucor
Actinomucor parasitela
1. Mucor- found in dead organic matter and dung of animal, It also found
on bread. It also causing rots of fruits and vegetables during stroage.
e.g. Mucor mucado, Mucor indicus, Mucor rouxii- used to break down
starch in to sugar in industries
2. Rhizopus-. It also causing soft rots of fruits and vegetables.
Rhizopus stolonifera cause soft rot of sweet potato.
This species also used commercially for the manufacture of fumaric
acid.
Life cycle of Rhizopus stolonifer
Rhizopus Mucor
1. Rhizoids (absorptive hyphae) or Rhizoids (absorptive hyphae) or
holdfasts are presents. holdfasts are generally absents.
Mycelium is absorptive organ.
2. Stolon are present. Stolon are absent, there is no
differentiation of Stolon and
holdfasts in mycelium.
3. Food material is absorbed by Food material is absorbed by entire
rhizoids. mycelium surface.
4. Sporangiophores develop in Sporangiophores arise singly, and
well organized groups mainly not in group.
against the rhizodial hyphae
5. Spores remain adhered to Spores easily blown away by wind.
columella and are not easily No Columella develop.
disseminated.
Family: Pilobolaceae
Genus: Pilobolus
It produces Coenocytic hyphae which feed on dung.
It is coprophilus fungi i.e. it gets stimulus compound
(coprogen) in dung for its growth hence it is called dung loving
fungi.
Sporangiophore is phtotrophic in nature and produced from a
carotene rich trophocyst
Sporangium is violently discharged to a distance of 2-2.5m
hence called Hat thrower or Shot gun fungus.
Phylum: Glomeromycota
Mycelium is coenocytic
They are obligate symbionts (Endomycorrhizal fungi)
They form association with roots of higher plants (Agriculture
and Horticulture plants)
Forms arbuscules in plant root cells
Large multinucleate spores with layered walls
They do not produce Zygospores
Order: Glomerales
Family: Glomeraceae
Genus: Glomus
