Life Sciences: Annelida, Arthropoda, Chordata
Grade 11
Lesson 19
Presenter: Dr. Grizelda van Wyk
PHYLOGENETIC TREE OF ANIMALS
PHYLUM: ANNELIDA
PHYLUM: ANNELIDA
• Aquatic (freshwater and marine) and terrestrial habitats
• Bilaterally symmetrical with cephalisation
• Triploblastic
• Coelomate
PHYLUM: ANNELIDA
• Coelom is a fluid-filled cavity that is used as a hydrostatic skeleton for
movement
PHYLUM: ANNELIDA
Through gut – mouth to anus
PHYLUM: ANNELIDA
• Segmented which means their bodies consist of repeating segments,
called metameres
PHYLUM: ARTHROPODA
PHYLUM: ARTHROPODA
• Aquatic (freshwater and marine) and
Terrestrial
• Bilaterally symmetrical
• Cephalisation
• Triploblastic
PHYLUM: ARTHROPODA
Two openings to the gut (a through-gut)
PHYLUM: ARTHROPODA
Coelomate
Haemocoel - the coelom is filled with a fluid, which acts like blood.
They have an open circulatory system
PHYLUM: ARTHROPODA
• More advanced segmentation of body parts so that each segment has a
particular form and function i.e. abdomen, thorax and head
• All arthropods have jointed appendages that are used for movement and
feeding
PHYLUM: ARTHROPODA
• Waterproof exoskeleton made of chitin
The exoskeleton:
• Protects the arthropod from drying out
• Prevents diffusion of gases across its waterproof surface; arthropods have therefore
developed gaseous exchange organs such as gills and lungs
• Does not grow as the arthropod grows and it must be shed regularly and regrown; the
arthropod is vulnerable during regrowth of the exoskeleton because it is weaker and
requires a lot of energy
PHYLUM: CHORDATA
PHYLUM: CHORDATA
• Vertebrates- they have backbones
• Aquatic (freshwater and marine) and terrestrial
• Bilaterally symmetrical with Cephalisation
• Triploblastic
• Coelomate
• Segmented body
• Two openings to the gut (through-gut)
PHYLUM: CHORDATA
All vertebrates have a rod-like support named a notochord which may develop into the vertebral
column
Notochord -a cartilaginous rod supporting the body in all embryonic and some adult chordate
animals
PHYLUM: CHORDATA
Have a hollow dorsal tubular nerve cord (spinal column) which often forms the anterior brain (e.g.
humans)
PHYLUM: CHORDATA
• Initially develop pharyngeal gill slits that disappear in terrestrial
chordates at adulthood
• Have a post-anal tail
PHYLUM: CHORDATA
Chordata can be ectothermic or endothermic.
The body temperature of exothermic animals is regulated by the external
environment.
The body temperature of endothermic animals is regulated by internal metabolic
reactions.
ACTIVITY 1
Study the diagrams below and answer the questions that follow.
Identify in which phyla each
organism belongs.
a) Porifera ✓,
b) Chordata ✓,
c) Cnidaria ✓,
d) Annelida ✓,
e) Arthropoda ✓,
f) Platyhelminthes ✓
ACTIVITY 2
Study the diagrams below and answer the questions that follow.
Which organism is considered the most
advanced?
Give a reason for your answer.
Chordata ✓, because they have the
most advanced characteristics ✓
ACTIVITY 2
Study the diagrams below and answer the questions that follow.
Which phyla do not have tissues or organs?
Porifera ✓
Describe what a notochord is.
It is a cartilaginous rod ✓ which supports the
body in all chordata ✓
ACTIVITY 2
Study the diagrams below and answer the questions that follow.
Name the phylum that has nematocysts and
describe the purpose of these nematocysts.
Cnidaria ✓, to capture prey and for
defence ✓
ACTIVITY 3
What is the function of the haemocoel in arthropods?
Haemocoel is the cavity that is filled with fluid which acts like blood to carry
nutrients and gases around the body ✓. It forms the open circulatory system of
arthropods ✓.
ACTIVITY 4
THANK YOU
