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Physical Constants Presentation

Physical constants are fixed numerical values that define the laws of physics and appear in various physical equations. Key examples include the speed of light, Planck's constant, and the gravitational constant, which are essential for understanding fundamental physical phenomena. These constants provide consistency in scientific research and are foundational to physical theories across all branches of physics and engineering.

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15 views13 pages

Physical Constants Presentation

Physical constants are fixed numerical values that define the laws of physics and appear in various physical equations. Key examples include the speed of light, Planck's constant, and the gravitational constant, which are essential for understanding fundamental physical phenomena. These constants provide consistency in scientific research and are foundational to physical theories across all branches of physics and engineering.

Uploaded by

arnarayan17
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Physical Constants

• Fundamental Values That Define the Laws of


Physics
• Presented by: [Your Name / Class / Date]
What are Physical Constants?
• - Fixed numerical values in nature
• - Appear in physical laws and equations
• - Universal and dimensionally defined
Examples of Fundamental
Constants
• - Speed of Light (c)
• - Planck’s Constant (h)
• - Gravitational Constant (G)
• - Elementary Charge (e)
• - Boltzmann Constant (k)
Speed of Light (c)
• - Value: 299,792,458 m/s
• - Symbol: c
• - Importance: Maximum speed of information
and light in vacuum
Planck’s Constant (h)
• - Value: 6.62607015 × 10⁻³⁴ J·s
• - Symbol: h
• - Importance: Basis of quantum mechanics,
relates energy and frequency
Gravitational Constant (G)
• - Value: 6.67430 × 10⁻¹¹ m³·kg⁻¹·s⁻²
• - Symbol: G
• - Importance: Strength of gravitational force
between masses
Elementary Charge (e)
• - Value: 1.602176634 × 10⁻¹⁹ C
• - Symbol: e
• - Importance: Charge of a single proton or
electron
Boltzmann Constant (k)
• - Value: 1.380649 × 10⁻²³ J/K
• - Symbol: k
• - Importance: Links temperature with kinetic
energy in gases
Other Important Constants
• - Avogadro's Number (Nₐ): 6.022 × 10²³ mol⁻¹
• - Gas Constant (R): 8.314 J/(mol·K)
• - Magnetic Constant (μ₀): 4π × 10⁻⁷ N/A²
Use of Constants in Equations
• - E = mc² (Einstein's energy-mass equivalence)
• - E = hf (Planck relation)
• - F = G(m₁m₂)/r² (Newton’s law of gravitation)
• - PV = nRT (Ideal gas law)
Why Constants Matter
• - Provide consistency in scientific research
• - Define the precision of measurements
• - Form the foundation of physical theories
Summary
• - Physical constants are fixed values in nature
• - Crucial for describing physical laws and
phenomena
• - Used in all branches of physics and
engineering
References
• - CODATA, textbooks, scientific articles
• (Add specific references here)

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