Biomedical Waste
Management
By:
V.Madhukar
Contents
Introduction
Definition
Biomedical Waste Management and Handling
Rules
Categories Of Biomedical Waste
Waste Management Plan
Segregation In Colour Coded Bags
Personal Safety Practices
Storage
Transport
Incineration and Non-incineration Processes
Conclusion
Introduction
1) Medical care – vital in our life and health.
2) BMW -emerged as issue of concern world
over.
3) BMW real problem for
MAN, COMMUNITY,& ENVIRONMENT
4) Safe scientific cost effective methods for
BMW management – need of hour.
What is Biomedical Waste?
Waste generated during diagnosis, testing,
treatment, research or production of
biological products for humans or animals
Need For BMW Management
The hospital waste, in addition
to the risk for patients and
personnel who handle these
wastes poses a threat to public
health and environment
BIOMEDICAL WASTE(MANAGEMENT &
HANDLING) RULES by Govt. of India ,1998
(Amended on 2000)
• Authoritative order to all the hospitals to
stop the indiscriminate disposal of waste and
ensure that it is treated in such a manner
that it does not hamper the environment
and human health.
• All the BMW to be segregated at the point of
generation
APPLICATION
These rules apply to all persons who
generate, collect, receive, store, transport,
treat, dispose, or handle bio-medical waste
in any form includes a hospital, nursing
home, clinic, dispensary, veterinary
institutions, and animal house, pathological
laboratory, blood bank e.t.c.
Biomedical
waste
Non risk waste Risk waste
(75 to 90%) (10- 25%)
CATEGORIES OF BIO MEDICAL WASTE
OPTION WASTE CATEGORY TREATMENT & DISPOSAL
Category No. 1 Human Anatomical Waste Incineration / deep burial
Category No. 2 Animal Waste Incineration / deep burial
Category No. 3 Microbiology & Biotechnology Local autoclaving / microwaving /
Waste incineration
Category No. 4 Waste Sharps Disinfection by chemical treatmet /
atoclaving / microwaving and
mutilation / shredding
Category No. 5 Discarded Medicines and Incineration / destruction and
Cytoxic drugs drugs disposal in secured landfills
Category No. 6 Solid Waste Incineration / autoclaving /
microwaving
Category No. 7 Solid Waste Disinfection by chemical treatment
/ autoclaving / microwaving and
mutilation / shredding
Category No. 8 Liquid Waste Disinfection by chemical treatment
and discharge into drains.
Category No. 9 Incineration Ash Disposal in municipal landfill
Category No. 10 Chemical Waste Chemical treatment and discharge
into drains for liquids and secured
land for solids
WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN
Sorting
Handling
Interim storage
Sub disposal
Final disposal
COLOUR CODING AND TYPE OF CONTAINER FOR DISPOSAL OF
BIOMEDICAL
WASTE
Color Type of Waste Treatment
Coding Container Categor Options
y
Yellow Plastic bag Cat.1, 2,3,6 Incineration/deep
burial
Red Disinfected Cat 3,6,7 Autoclave/Microwave/
container/Plasti Chemical Treatment
c bag
Blue/White Puncture proof Cat.4,7 Autoclave/Microwave/
translucent container Chemical Treatment &
destruction/shredding
Black Plastic bag Cat 5,9,10 Disposal in secured
landfill
Proper labeling of bins
The bins and bags should
carry the biohazard
symbol indicating the
nature of waste to the
patients and public.
Label shall be non-
washable and prominently
visible
Personnel safety devices
The use of protective gears should be made mandatory for all the
personnel handling waste.
STORAGE
In an area away from general traffic and
accessible only to authorized personnel
DO NOT store for more than 48 hours
If for any reason it becomes necessary to store
the waste beyond such period take measures
to ensure that the waste does not adversely
affect human health and environment
TRANSPORT
Transport by wheeled
trolleys/containers /carts only in
vehicles authorized for the purpose
They should be
Easy to load and unload
No sharp edges
Easy to clean
Disinfect daily
Trolleys ,Wheelbarrows: covered and
open, Chutes:
If a container is
transported from the
premises where bio-
medical waste is generated
to any waste treatment
facility outside the
premises, it should be
transported in separate
vehicles with proper sign of
BIOHAZARD
Incineration
Burning of waste material in
the presence of oxygen.
Waste volume reduction,
destroying some harmful
constituents.
Works at temperature (~
400–700°C).
Drawback
toxic products like furanes and dioxins - can cause air pollution
Non-incineration methods
1 - THERMAL PROCESSES
A - Low-Heat Thermal Processes (93°C-177°C) Wet heat
(steam) disinfection - autoclave ,Dry heat (hot air) disinfection
- infrared heaters.
B - Medium-Heat Thermal Processes (177°C-370°C)
Chemical breakdown of organic material. Reverse
polymerization using high-intensity microwave
C - High-Heat Thermal Processes (540°C-8,300°C) or
higher Electrical resistance, induction, natural gas, and/or
plasma energy provide the intense heat ,total destruction of
the waste Significant change in the mass and volume
Non-incineration methods
2 - CHEMICAL PROCESSES
Dissolved chlorine dioxide, bleach (sodium
hypochlorite), peracetic acid, or dry inorganic
chemicals.
To enhance exposure of the waste to the chemical
agent, chemical processes often involve shredding,
grinding, or mixing.
3 - IRRADIATIVE PROCESSES
Electron beams,Cobalt-60, or UV irradiation.
CONCLUSION
If we want to protect our
environment and health of
community we must sensitize
ourselves to this important
issue not only in the interest
of health managers but also
in the interest of community.
REFERENCE
Microbiology : An application based approach (Michael J. Pelczar,Jr. , E C S Chan,
Noel R Krieg)
Textbook Of Microbiology (Ananthanarayana and Panicker)
“Biomedical Waste Management” By Dr. Praveen Kumar Doddamani, Asst. Prof. ,
Dept. of Microbiology, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyd.
Biomedical Waste Management Committee, Ministry of Health, Delhi
Links
http://dpcc.delhigovt.nic.in/bio-medical-waste.html
www.moef.nic.in (Ministry of Environment and Forest)
www.cpcb.nic.in (Central Pollution Control Board)
THANK YOU
