Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology, Saiadpur
Course Code: HUM 2221
Course Title: History of Emergence of Bangladesh Conducted by:
Zannatul Safa
Topic: July Revolution Designation:
Lecturer (AS)
July Revolution 2024-
It’s causes and consequences
Presented By:
1. M. M. Omar
ID: 0802320205101001
2. Nowrin Islam Era
ID: 0802320105101003
3. MD. Rayhan Haidar
ID: 0802320105101004
4. Farjana Faija
ID: 0802320105101005
5. Sadia Siddiqua
ID: 0802320105101006
2
July Revolution 2024
A bloody milestone in Bangladesh’s political history
where students rose with the promise of a new dawn.
Tearing through the darkness of oppression, they lit
the torch of change. The revolution was a desperate
and courageous vow to restore democracy—written
in the blood of martyrs.
3
Historical Context
1970 Election formed through 2018 Mass Movement Background of the Revolution
The foundation of the liberation The forceful nature of student Previous movements laid the
war and independence was the movements for education and groundwork for the revolution of
initiation of freedom struggle justice 2024
4
Background of the July Revolution and the Quota
Reform Movement
Quota Reform Movement
Originally began in 2018 demanding the removal of 55%
quota in government jobs. The movement reignited in
2021 after a High Court ruling declared the cancellation
of quotas illegal.
Government Repression
Due to state repression, the movement escalated into a
mass uprising, paving the way for Prime Minister Sheikh
Hasina's resignation.
5
Causes of the Revolution
Restoration of job quotas
A long-standing
demand from students
Anti-corruption and anti-autocracy
Student protests targeted the government's structure
Discrimination in education
and employment:
Linked to impunity and
undue influence
6
Spread of the Movement
University campuses Social media rumors Major cities
The epicenter of protests Massive protests in Dhaka,
Raised awareness and
Gazipur, Chattogram, and more
aided organization
7
Illegal Repression
and
Student Protest
Controversial
remarks
On July 14, PM labeled
students as "descendants
State brutality of Razakars", sparking
Arrests, torture, and Public support nationwide outrage
police violence
Viral police brutality videos bolstered support
intensified protests 8
Government Response
Internet blackout
Severely disrupted communication
Curfew & security forces
Imposed harsh measures for control
Arrests and disappearances
Hundreds of students abducted or injured
9
Sequence of Events: Protests, Conflicts, and
Government Reactions
1 Beginning: Peaceful Protest
The people blockaded the roads
With peaceful demands.
2 Middle: Conflict and Tension
Conflict and tension with government
forces.
3 End: Political Discussion Failure
The government shows
no willingness to discuss with
the opposition.
10
Timeline of the Revolt (16 July – 5 August)
1 July 16
Death of Abu Sayeed intensified the movement
2 July 29
Police violence in Dhaka escalated public anger
3 August 5
The revolution peaked with the fall of the
government
4 Other events
School closures, internet blackouts,
mass arrests, arson
5 Deaths & Protests
1,500+ killed; protests led by local coordinators
11
Focal Protest Locations
•Dhaka University (TSC)
•Bangladesh Secretariat
•National Press Club
•Gazipur Rail Station
•Chamara, Narayanganj
•GEC Intersection, Chittagong
•Shahbagh Intersection
•Pahartali, Chittagong
•Rajshahi University
•Saheb Bazar, Rajshahi
•Khulna University
•New Market, Khulna
•Jessore Town Hall
•Sylhet Central Shaheed Minar
•Shahjalal University of Science and Technology
(SUST), Sylhet
•Barisal University
•Sadar Road, Barisal
•Bangladesh Agricultural University
•Town Hall, Mymensingh
•Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur
Main Participants
Students Workers Civil Society
Especially female university Factory and field laborers Teachers, journalists,
Students led the frontlines demanded fair wages and conditions artists supported rights and
democracy
• Raising political awareness • Advocacy for human rights and • Role in socio-economic
democracy development
• Promotion of salary and • Literary and cultural promotion • Immigration and
employment growth media cooperation
13
Gen Z Leadership
Leadership & strategy
2
Smart planning with defined goals
Digital organization
Facebook, TikTok, and 1
Twitter used to coordinate Tech-savvy youth
Used data and messaging to
3 mobilize
14
Public and Military vs. Police and Helmet Gangs
General Public Army & BGB
Joined students in solidarity Remained neutral, restored peace,
and treated the wounded
Police
Student League/Helmet Gangs
Involved in suppression and
Pro-government thugs attacked
brutality, lost public trust
protesters
15
Women’s participation
Courageous Leadership
Active and strong leadership of students
First Row Participation
Women played a leading role in the protests
Women's Rights Awareness
Symbolic images of equality and rights movements
16
Impact of the Revolution
Democracy restored
2 Free and fair elections held
New leadership 1
Popular figures rose to power
3 Policy reforms
Promises of justice and
inclusive development
17
Legacy and Future Impact
Youth engagement
Politics became part
of youth identity
Promise of good governance
Push for ethical leadership
Awareness of rights
Rise in unity and
civic consciousness
18
International Reactions
UN concern
UN High Commissioner criticised former
Bangladeshi government's response
to the protests.
Criticism from various countries
Neighbours specially India was
not particularly happy with the
changes that were taking place.
Solidarity for democratic rights
International organizations like Amnesty
International and Human Rights Watch
expressed solidarity with the revolution.
19
The martyrs of the July Revolution:
Names and brief introduction
Abu Sayeed (22) Sheikh Fahmin Jafar (18) Mir Mahfuzur Rahman Mugdha Faisal Ahmed Shanto (24)
Student, English Dept. Student Student
Student, HSC BUP
Begum Rokeya University Omar Gani MES College
Tongi Govt. College
Local movement
coordinator
Md. Shahjahan (25) Md. Faruk Siam (18)
Vendor Worker Worker
Street Furniture store Gulistan battery shop; shot by
police
20
Martyr Count
834 martyrs
– As per official gazette of July Uprising
708 martyrs
– Draft list by the Ministry of Health
1,581 martyrs
Claimed by independent watchdogs and
citizen committees
21
Interim Government and Reforms
Government formation
Dr. Muhammad Yunus appointed as Chief
Advisor on August 8
Reform initiatives
Media freedom, transparency, judicial reform,
democratic rebuilding
National elections
Preparations for the 13th parliamentary elections
22
Successes and Challenges
Successes:
•Democratic revival
•Rise of national unity
•Boost in economic optimism
Challenges:
•Some instability due to a lack of structure
•Recurring clashes
•Real change will take time
23
Outcomes of the Revolution
Protests on August 5th
PM’s resignation
Formation of the interim government
Announcement of reforms
24
Thank you