PRESENTATION BY NAZNEEN NASIR
A 41-year-old woman presents to your clinic
complaining of a “red eye.” The redness is
diffuse and has been present for 2 days. She
also reports mild, watery discharge and a slight
sensation of grittiness , with photophobia. She
does not have significant pain and has not
noticed any change in her vision
What is your diagnosis?
Clue to diagnosis , no significant pain , diffuse
redness and no change her vision
conjunctivitis
Dr Mukhtar Jama Nour , MBBS , MD
WHAT ARE
SYMPTOMS?
subjective evidence of disease or
physical disturbance
Or
What the patient feels and
describes it to the doctor.
Symptoms in
ophthalmology
⦿ Related to vision
⦿ Pain
⦿ Symptoms associated with
external diseases related to
eyelids ,eyelashes
,conjunctiva or cornea
⦿ Symptoms related to internal
diseases involving
retina ,vitreous, vessels and
nerves related to eye
Symptoms related to vision
⦿ For example ;
⦿ Blurred vision
⦿ Decreased vision
⦿ Vision loss
⦿ Night blindness
⦿ photophobia
⦿ Floaters ,halos around light, flashes,
dark spots in vision
⦿ Eye strain
Symptoms related to eyelids
⦿ Lumps or swelling
⦿ Eyelids turned in (entropion)
⦿ Eyelids turned out (ectropion
)
⦿ Crusts
⦿ Drooping of lids
COMMON OCULAR SYMPTOMS
⦿ Redness
⦿ Hemorrhage
⦿ Burning
⦿ Itching
⦿ Grittiness
⦿ Discharge
⦿ Foreign body
sensation
⦿ Irritation
⦿ Spot
⦿ Swelling
⦿ Tearing
⦿ Any new growth
RELATED TO
ORBIT
Outward Protusion
⦿
⦿ Inward displacement
⦿ Restricted movements
PAI
⦿
N
Ocular
⦿ Periorbital
Symptoms related to
⦿ Vision loss vision
⦿ Blurring of vision
⦿ One eye involved or both eyes.
⦿ Mode of onset (gradual or
sudden)
⦿ Painful or painless
⦿ Duration
⦿ For distance or near
⦿ Time of day when it is maximum
⦿ Any associated symptom
( diplopia,
flashes,halos,photophobia,
headache
,nausea
vomiting,blepharospasm,lacrimatio
Sudden painless
vision loss
⦿ Vitreous hemorrhage
⦿ Retinal detachment
⦿ Optic neuritis
⦿ Central retinal artery
occlusion
⦿ Central retinal vein
occlusion
Sudden painful
vision loss
⦿ Acute congestive
glaucoma
⦿ Trauma
⦿ Chemical injuries
⦿ Foreign body
⦿ Giant cell arteritis
Gradual painless
dimness of vision
⦿ Cataract
⦿ Open angle glaucoma
⦿ Age related macular
degeneration
⦿ Diabetic retinopathy
⦿ Corneal dystrophy
⦿ Optic atrophy
Gradual painful
vision loss
⦿ Corneal ulcer
/keratitis
⦿ Chronic iridocyclitis
Transient vision loss
(amaurosis fugax)
⦿ Migraine
⦿ Carotid artery disease
⦿ Papilloedma
⦿ Prodormal symptom of
CRAO
FLOATER
S
⦿ Vitreous
degeneration
⦿ Exudates in vitreous
⦿ Uveitis
⦿ Vitreous
hemorrhage
Night
blindness
⦿ Vitamin A deficiency
⦿ Retinitis pigmentosa
⦿ pathological myopia
⦿ Peripheral cortical
cataract
Day blindness
(hamarlopia)
⦿ Central nuclear or polar
cataract
⦿ Central corneal opacity
⦿ Central vitreous opacity
⦿ Congenital deficiency of
cones
Flashes of
light
⦿ Posterior vitreous
detachment
⦿ Retinal detachment
⦿ Traction bands in retina
Distorted
vision
⦿ Micropsia (small size objects)
⦿ Macropsia (large size objects)
⦿ Metamorphopsia (distorted
shape of object)
⦿ In macular diseases
Halos around
light
⦿ Acutecongestive glaucoma
⦿ Mucupurulent conjunctivitis
⦿ Mature or hypermature
cataract
Diplopia
strabismus Subluxated
Nerve palsy lens
,myesthenia gravis,
thyroid eye diseases
,blow out fracture of
globe
Watering from
eye
⦿ Lacrimation
⦿ Epiphora ( due to nasolacrimal
system block)
⦿ Foreign body
⦿ Irritation
⦿ infection
Discharge from
eyes
⦿ Watery
⦿ Purulent or
mucopurulent
⦿ Hemorrhagic
⦿ Ropy discharge
Itching ,burning or
foreign body sensation
⦿
Conjunctivitis
⦿ Trachoma
⦿ Dry eyes
⦿ Trichiasis
⦿ Foreign
body
RED
EYE
⦿ Subconjunctival
hemorrhage
⦿ Conjunctivits
⦿ Episcleiritis
⦿ Corneal ulcer
⦿ Acute congestive
glaucoma
⦿ Anterior uveitis
⦿ Scleritis
⦿ trauma
Headache
⦿ Pseudotumor cerebri
⦿ Refractive error ( mostly
astigmatism)
⦿ Sinusitis
⦿ Migraine
PHOTOPHOBIA
abrasion
⦿ corneal
⦿ uveitis
⦿ meningitis.
Asthenopic symptoms
or eye strain
⦿ Refractiveerror
⦿ astigmatism
