In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the
Most Merciful
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ELECTRONIC WARFARE
Concept and Practices
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INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
“IF THERE IS A WORLD WAR III, THE
WINNER WOULD BE THE SIDE THAT
CAN BEST CONTROL AND MANAGE
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC
SPECTRUM”
Thomas Moorer
CNO, USN (1967-
70)
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INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
With the development of information technologies and
growing reliance on Network Centric Warfare (NCW), EW is
becoming important beyond all the sphere of combat
operations- 5th Dimension of Warfare
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INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Electronic Warfare (EW) is an integral part of the ships
Action Information Organization (AIO)
EW equipment are eyes and ears of the ship.
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AIM
AIM
To impart knowledge on History and
Development of EW
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SCOPE
History of Electronic Warfare
Importance of EW
Meaning of EW
EW Family Tree
EM Spectrum
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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Tracing the history of EW, one can find roots which
extends back long before the out break of WW2
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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
1819 - Danish scientist discovered Electro- Magnetic
(EM) field.
1827 - Electric telegraphy invented.
1855 - Crimean war, first use of radiotelegraphy.
1865 - Discovery of EM waves.
1895 - Marconi achieved radio communication over more
than a mile.
1899 is the year where Royal Navy Ship installed these
Marconi sets onboard and able to communicate around
89 miles distance
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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
1903 - First tactical use of radio by ships of the US
Navy.
1905 - Inadvertent communication Jamming used
during the Russia- Japanese war by Russian radio
operator blanking Japanese communication.
1914-1918- Radio was in full military use, leading to
a dramatic improvement in command and control.
Direction finding was used to fix positions and gain
intelligence from enemy communications.
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World War I (1914-19)
The British tested the first radar.
This brought about the development of the first
dedicated ESM equipment the FH1
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World War II (1939-45)
Radar was in widespread use
Chaff was invented in 1938
GRAFT SPREE was the first naval ship fitted
with Search and FC radar
ECM became an integral part of strategic
planning
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World War II (1939-45)
BISMARK
• Sinking of the German cruiser BISMARK in
WW-II brought to light the disastrous
consequences of indiscreet radio
emissions
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Korean War (1950 - 1953)
• Americans were ill prepared at the
beginning
• After improving EW capability loss rate of
aircraft was improved
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The Vietnam War (1957-73)
US introduced
• Radar Warning Receiver
• Anti Radiation Missiles
• Jammer
• Decoys
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Arab Israel Conflict (1967 & 1973)
Development of Radar-guided Missiles
Sinking of the Israeli destroyer EILAT in
1967 was the first time when a warship had
been sunk by a missile
Chaff and Jammer systems into naval
ships
Improved ASMD
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Falkland War (1982)
HMS SHEFFIELD
Deficiency in the field of EW for
countering advanced missile system
was catastrophic for the British
Sinking of HMS SHEFFIELD highlighted the critical need
of upto date emitter libraries, shrinking of reaction time
and importance of electronic priorities
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GULF WAR (1991 & 2003)
The mastery of the coalition forces was
attributed to extensive use of EW equipment
EW technological advancements were
exploited to the fullest
With the help of good ELINT, SEAD
operations were successfully carried out
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GULF WAR (1991 & 2003)
The Allies took control of the entire electromagnetic
field thereby neutralizing Iraq’s ability to wage war
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GULF WAR (1991 & 2003)
EA-6B PROWLER
Extensive electronic jamming by EA-6B Prowlers,
Hawkeyes and EC-130 aircraft disrupted the Iraqi Air
Defence Command and Control
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GULF WAR (1991 & 2003)
The EXOCET strike on USS STARK in the Gulf
introduced yet another degree of EW
awareness
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AFGANISTAN WAR
(2001)
The USA demonstrated their latest EW &
their total IW including the psy-ops
capability in the war with Afghanistan
The Americans destroyed the conventional
type air search radars of the Afghans
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MOST RECENT/ CURRENT
TRENDS
Nagorno-Karabakh War (27 Sep 10
Nov 2020)
Russo-Ukraine War
Syria War…….
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PRINCIPLES OF
PRINCIPLES OF AWW
AWW vis-à-vis-EW
vis-à-vis-EW
Ref: ATP-31(B)
IC
N E
It is a warfare within the Electromagnetic Spectrum (EMS)
O ofRelectromagnetic energy to
T R
and involves the military use
A
prevent or reduce anCenemy's F effective use of the EM
L E R
spectrum while protecting
E W Aits use for friendly forces
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ELECTRONIC WARFARE
ELECTRONIC WARFARE
References
D. Cutris Schleher (1999). Electronic Warfare in the Information
Age. ARTECH HOUSE, Boston, UK.
Kiely, D. D (1988). Naval Electronic Warfare (Vol 5). London:
Brassey’s Defence Publishers Ltd, London, UK
Adamy, David L (2001). EW 101: A First Course in Electronic
Warfare. ARTECH HOUSE, Boston, UK.
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ELECTRONIC WARFARE
ELECTRONIC WARFARE
References
Adamy, David L (2015). EW 104: EW Against a New Generation
of Threats. ARTECH HOUSE, Boston, UK.
Joint Doctrine for Electronic Warfare (2000) of US Navy (JP3-51)
Joint Publication of US Navy: Electronic Warfare (2012) (JP3-13-
1)
ATP_31(B) NATO Above Water Warfare Manual
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BREAK
DEVELOPMENT OF
DEVELOPMENT OF EW
EW
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ELECTRONIC WARFARE
ELECTRONIC WARFARE
The basic concept of EW is to exploit the enemy EM
emission in all parts of the EM spectrum in order to provide
intelligence from enemy EOB intensions and capabilities
and deny effective use of hostile communication and
weapon system while protecting own effective use of same
spectrum
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DEFINITION OF
DEFINITION OF EW
EW
Modern concept of EW is that, EW is a vital and basic
element of military strategy, which provides a method of
neutralizing an enemy force (Force divider effect) while
simultaneously enhancing the power of friendly force (Force
multiplier effect)
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ELECTRONIC WARFARE
ELECTRONIC WARFARE
EW is military action to exploit the EM spectrum
encompassing the search for, interception and identification
of electronic emissions , the employment of EM energy to
reduce hostile use of EM spectrum and action to ensure its
effective use by the friendly forces
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DEFINITION OF
DEFINITION OF EW
EW
Any military action involving the use of
electromagnetic and directed energy to control
the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the
enemy
PURPOSE AND
PURPOSE AND SCOPE
SCOPE
Futureconflict will be dependent on high tech
wpn systems
Use of EM spectrum to own advantage
EW uses total spectrum of EM radiation as its
battleground
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OBJECTIVES OF
OBJECTIVES OF EW
EW
To exploit all EM radiations released intentionally
or accidentally by the enemy
To interfere with enemy’s use of the spectrum in
such a way as to render its use either ineffective
or even dangerous for him
To defend one’s own use of spectrum
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DIVISIONS OF EW
EW
ESM
ES ECM
EA ECCM/EPM
EP
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EW FAMILY TREE
INTELLIGENCE
Com Int EA EP
Sig Int Elec Int
Com Sec Jamming Deception Neutralization
Sig Sec Elec Sec ES
Opt Int Anti ESM Anti ECM
AVOIDANCE
R Int HOMING
TARGETTING
EMCON EMSEC DESIGN TRG
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EM SPECTRUM
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EM SPECTRUM
Radar Microwave
Communications Electro-Optic
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ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
3Khz-300Ghz : Radio Band
300Ghz-400Thz: Infra Red
400Thz-750Thz: Visible Light
750Thz+ : Ultra Violet
Xrays
Gamma Rays
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The EM Spectrum - Radio Band
• International Band Designators
ELF VLF LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF
1HZ 3 30 300 3 30 300 3 30 300
KHZ MHZ GHZ
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RECAPITULATION
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Thank You
JAZAKALLAH
KHAYER
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