Arrays, Strings,

Vectors & Wrapper

Classes
 Introduction
 Array as a collection of variables of the same
type.
 It is fixed in size means that you can't
increase the size of array at run time.
 It is a collection of homogeneous data
elements.
 It stores the value on the basis of the index
value.
One Dimensional Array
 Declaring Array Variables
Syntax:
dataType[] arrayRefVar;
or
dataType arrayRefVar[];

Example :
int[] number;
or
int number[];
Creating Arrays
You can create an array by using the new
operator with the following syntax:

arrayRefVar = new
dataType[arraySize];

It assigns the reference of the newly

created array to the variable arrayRefVar.
e.g.
number=new int[5];
 Initialization of Array
Syntax:
arrayname[subscript]=value;
e.g.
number[0]=35;

Alternatively you can initialize arrays as follows:

dataType[] arrayRefVar = {value0,
value1, ...,valuek};

e.g.
int number[]={2,3,4,5,6,7};
Example: To find sum of array elements
class TestArray
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int myList[] = {1, 2, 3, 3};
for (int i = 0; i < myList.length; i++)
{ length: It is a final
System.out.println(myList[i] + "variable
"); and only
applicable for array. It
represent size of array.
}

System.out.println("arraylength="+myList.
length);
// Summing all elements
int total = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < myList.length; i++)
{
total += myList[i];
}
System.out.println("Total is " + total);
}
}
Example: To find sum of array elements accepted by the
user
import java.util.Scanner;
class ArraySumDemo {
public static void main(String args[])
{
Scanner sc= new Scanner(System.in);
int a[] = new int[10];
int sum = 0;
System.out.println("Enter the
elements:");
for (int i=0; i<10; i++)
{
a[i] = sc.nextInt();
}
System.out.println("arraylength="+array
.length);
for( int j=0;j<10;j++)
{
sum = sum+a[j];
}
System.out.println("Sum of array
elements is:"+sum);
}
}
Question

WAP in java to find Largest

element of the array.
 class TestArray
{
S
public static void main(String[] args)
o
{
l
Scanner sc= new Scanner(System.in);
u int a[] = new int[10];
t int sum = 0;
i System.out.println("Enter the
o elements:");
n for (int i=0; i<10; i++)
{
a[i] = sc.nextInt();
}
int max=a[0];
for (int i = 1; i < a.length; i++)
{
if (a[i] > max)
max = a[i];
}
System.out.println("Max is " +
max);
}
}
Two Dimensional Array
A list of items with one variable name
and two subscripts is called a Two
dimensional array.
Declaration of Two dimensional
Array
Syntax :
dataType[][] arrayRefVar;
(or)
dataType arrayRefVar[][];
e.g.
int[][] arr=new int[3][3];
Initialization of Two dimensional
Array
e.g.
arr[0][0]=1;

arr[][]={{1,2,3},{2,4,5},
{4,4,5}};

arr[][]={
{1,2,3},
{2,4,5},
{4,4,5}
};
Example class Testarray
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
//declaring and initializing 2D array
int arr[][]={{1,2,3},{2,4,5},
{4,4,5}};
//printing 2D array
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
{
System.out.print(arr[i][j]+" ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
Question

WAP in java to add two matrices.

Accept input from user.
 EXP2
 To implement Arrays
 You have been given an array of positive integers A1,
A2,...,An with length N and you have to print an array
of same length (N) where the values in the new array
are the sum of every number in the array, except the
number at that index.
 i/p 1 2 3 4
 For the 0th index, the result will be 2+3+4= 9,
similarly for the second, third and fourth index the
corresponding results will be 8, 7 and 6
respectively.
 i/p 4 5 6
 o/p 11 10 9
 The annual examination results of 5 students are
tabulated as follows:

Roll No Subject1 Subject2 Subject3

 WAP to read the data and determine the following

 Total marks obtained by each student

 The student who obtained the highest total marks
 WAP to display following pattern using irregular
arrays (jagged arrays).
 1
 12
 1 2 3 ………..
 Solution
import java.util.Scanner;
class AddTwoMatrix
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int m, n, i, j;
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter the number of rows
and columns of matrix");
m = sc.nextInt();
n = sc.nextInt();
contd…
contd…

int first[][] = new int[m][n];

int second[][] = new int[m][n];
int sum[][] = new int[m][n];
System.out.println("Enter the elements of
first matrix");
for ( i = 0 ; i < m ; i++ )
{
for ( j = 0 ; j < n ; j++ )
{
first[i][j] = sc.nextInt();
}
}
System.out.println("Enter the elements of
second matrix");
{
for ( i = 0 ; i < m ; i++ )
{
for ( j = 0 ; j < n ; j++ )
{
second[i][j] = sc.nextInt();
}
}

contd…
for ( i = 0 ; i < m ; i++ )
{
for ( j = 0 ; j < n ; j++ )
{
sum[i][j] = first[i][j] +
second[i][j];
}
}
contd…
System.out.println("Sum of entered
matrices:-");
for ( i = 0 ; i < m ; i++ )
{
for ( j = 0 ; j < n ; j++ )
{
System.out.print(sum[i][j]+"\t");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}
 System.arraycopy()
 The java.lang.System.arraycopy() method
copies an array from the specified source
array, beginning at the specified position, to
the specified position of the destination
array.
 A subsequence of array components are
copied from the source array referenced
by src to the destination array referenced
by dest.
 The number of components copied is equal
to the length argument.
 This method does not return any value.
System.arraycopy()
 Syntax :
System.arraycopy(srcArray, srcPos, destArray,
destPos, length)
Where,
srcArray is Source Arrayname
srcPos index of source array from which array is to
be copied
destArray is Destination Arrayname
destPos is index of destination array where the
copied array is to put.
Length is the number of elements to be copied
Example
public class SystemArrayCopy
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int arr1[] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
int arr2[] = { 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
// copies an array from the specified source
array
System.arraycopy(arr1, 3, arr2, 3, 3);
System.out.print("array2 = ");
for(int i=0;i<6;i++)
{ System.out.print(arr2[i] + " ");
}
}
}
Question

WAP a java program to copy one array

elements into second using
system.arraycopy().
 Create and initialize array A and array B.
 Copy 4 elements from third element of array
B into array A
 Place these 4 elements from the index value
3 of the array A.
 import java.util.Scanner;
class SysArrayCopyex {

Solution public static void main(String args[])

{
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
int[] A = new int[10];
int[] B = new int[10];
int sum = 0,count=0;
System.out.println("Enter the elements of A:");
for (int i=0; i<10; i++)
{ A[i] = scanner.nextInt(); }
System.out.println("Enter the elements of B:");
for (int i=0; i<10; i++)
{ B[i] = scanner.nextInt(); }
System.arraycopy(B, 2, A, 3, 4);
System.out.print("new array A = ");
for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
{ System.out.print(A[i] + " "); }
} }
String
Introduction
 String represent a sequence of
characters.
 In JAVA, strings are class objects and
implemented using two classes :
 String

 StringBuffer

 A java string is not a character array

and is not NULL terminated.
Declaration and Creation of String
Syntax:
String stringname=new String(“String”);
or
String s=“stringname”;

e.g.
String firstName=new String(“Sachin”);
or
String s=“Sachin”;
 Example
class StringExample
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
String s1="java"; //creating string by java string literal
char ch[]={'s','t','r','i','n','g','s'};
String s2=new String(ch); //converting char array to string

String s3=new String("example");//creating java string by new key

word
System.out.println(s1);
System.out.println(s2);
System.out.println(s3);
}
}
String Arrays
Syntax:
String Arrayname[]=new String[size];

Example:
class StringArray
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String[] s1 = {“abc", “xyz", “pqr"};
int size = s1.length;
for (int i=0; i<size; i++)
{ System.out.println(s1[i]); }
}
}
 String methods
Method call Task performed
s2=s1.tolowerCase; Convert the string to all lowercase
s2=s1.toupperCase; Convert the string to all uppercase
s2=s1.replace(‘x’,’y’) Replace all appearances of x with y
;
s2=s1.trim(); Remove white spaces at the beginning
and end of the string s1
s1.equals(s2); Return true if s1=s2
s1.equalsIgnoreCase Return true if s1=s2, ignoring the case
(s2) of characters
s1.length() Gives the length of s1
s1.CharAt(n) Gives n th character of s1
s1.compareTo(s2) Returns negative if s1<s2,positive if
s1>s2 and zero if s1=s2
s1.concat(s2) Concatenates s1 and s2
 Contd…
S1.substring(n) Gives substring starting from n th
character
S1.substring(n,m) Gives substring starting from n th
character up to m th(excluding m th
character)
p.toString() Creates a string representation of
object p
S1.indexOf(‘x’) Gives the position of the first
occurrence of ‘x’ in the string s1

S1.indexOf(‘x’,n) Gives the position of of ‘x’ that

occurs after nth position in the
string s1
String.ValueOf(vari Converts the parameter value to
able) string representation(converts int,
float etc into string)
Example

class String_method
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
String s="Sachin";
System.out.println(s.length());
System.out.println(s.toUpperCase());
System.out.println(s.toLowerCase());
System.out.println(s); //Sachin (no change in
original)
System.out.println(s.charAt(3));
String ss=“ Virat Kohali ";
System.out.println(ss.trim());
System.out.println(ss.substring(3));
contd…
 Contd…
System.out.println(ss.substring(2,6));
System.out.println(ss.indexOf('a'));
System.out.println(ss.indexOf('a',7));
int a=10;
String s2=String.valueOf(a);
System.out.println(s2+10);
String s1="Java is a programming language. Java is a platform.";
String replaceString=s1.replace(“Java",“Python");//replaces all
occurrences of
"Java" to " Python "
System.out.println(replaceString);
System.out.println("Hello".concat("World"));
System.out.println("Hello".compareTo("World"));
}
}
Ouput
6
SACHIN
sachin
Sachin
h
Virat Kohali
irat Kohali
Vira
5
11
1010
Python is a programming language. Python is
a platform.
HelloWorld
-15
Question 1

Write a program to find number of

uppercase, lowercase characters, blank
spaces, digits and special character
from a string.
 Solution
import java.util.*;
class Count
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("enter the String");
String s=sc.nextLine();
int i,digit=0,whitespace=0,sp=0,upperCase=0,lowerCase=0;
char ch;
int l=s.length();
for(i=0;i<l;i++)
{
ch=s.charAt(i);
if (Character.isUpperCase(ch))
{ upperCase++; } contd…
Contd…
else if (Character.isLowerCase(ch)){ lowerCase+
+; }
else if(Character.isDigit(ch))
++digit;
else if(ch==' ')
++whitespace;
else
++sp;
}
System.out.println("no of Uppercase="+upperCase);
System.out.println("no of Lowercase="+lowerCase);
System.out.println("no of Digit="+digit);
System.out.println("no of Spaces="+whitespace);
System.out.println("no of Symbol="+sp);
}
}
Question 2

WAP to display string between

round braces from the given
string.
 solution
import java.util.*;
class Testbraces
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int index1=0,index2=0;
String S1="(";
String S2=")";
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("enter the String");
String a=sc.nextLine();

contd…
Contd…

if (a.contains(S1))
{
index1 = a.indexOf(S1);
}
if (a.contains(S2))
{
index2 = a.indexOf(S2);
}
if(index1<index2)
{

System.out.println(a.substring(index1+1,index
2));
}
}
}
StringBuffer Class
 StringBuffer is a peer class of String.
 While String creates strings of fixed length,
StringBuffer creates string of flexible length that
can be modified in terms of length and content.
 We can insert characters and substrings in the
middle of a string or append another string to
the end.
 Syntax :

StringBuffer stringname=new StringBuffer(“string

");
 E.g.
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer("Hello");
StringBuffer Method
Method Task
s1.setCharAt(n,’x’) Modifies the nth
character of x
s1.append(s2) Appends the string s2 to
s1 at the end
s1.insert(n,s2) Insert the string s2 at the
position n of the string s1
s1.setLength(n) If n>s1.length() zeros are
added to s1.
Example
class StringBufferexp
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer("Hello");
sb.append("Java");
System.out.println(sb);
sb.setCharAt(3,'o');
System.out.println(sb);
sb.insert(7,"aa");
System.out.println(sb);
sb.setLength(5);
System.out.println(sb);
}
}
 Vectors
 Vector is used to hold objects of any type and any number.
 A vector can be used to store a list of objects that may vary in
size.
 We can add and delete objects from the list as and when
required.
 Syntax:
Vector<type> vector_name=new Vector<type> ();
or
Vector vector_name=new Vector();
e.g.
Vector<Integer> intVect=new Vector<Integer> (); //declaring
without size
Vector<String> list=new Vector<String> (3); //declaring with
size
 Vector Methods
Method call Task Performed
v.addElement(item) Adds the item specified to the
list at the end
v.elementAt(n) Gives the name of the n th
object
v.size() Gives the number of objects
present
v.removeElement(item) Removes specific item from
the vector
v.removeElementAt(n) Removes the item stored in
the n th position of the vector
v.removeAllElements() Remove all elements in the
vector
v.insertElementAt(item, Insert the element at n th
n) position
Example 1:vector of integers
import java.util.*;
public class VectorDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// create an empty Vector vec without size
Vector<Integer> vec = new
Vector<Integer>();
// use add() method to add elements in the
vector
vec.addElement(4);
vec.addElement(3);
vec.addElement(2);
vec.addElement(1);
for(int i =0; i <= vec.size() - 1; i++)
{ System.out.print(vec.elementAt(i) + "
"); }
Example 2:vector of string
import java.util.*;
public class VectorExample
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
/* Vector of initial capacity(size) of 2 */
Vector<String> vec = new Vector<String>(2);
/* Adding elements to a vector*/
vec.addElement("Apple");
vec.addElement("Orange");
vec.addElement("Mango");
vec.addElement("Fig");
System.out.println("Size is: "+vec.size());
contd…
contd…
vec.insertElementAt("Kiwi",2);
vec.insertElementAt("Cherry",4);
/*size and capacityIncrement after two
insertions*/
System.out.println("Size after addition:
"+vec.size());
/*Display Vector elements*/
Enumeration en = vec.elements();
System.out.println("\nElements are:");
while(en.hasMoreElements())
System.out.print(en.nextElement() + " ");
}
}
 Enumeration Interface
 The Enumeration interface defines the methods
by which you can enumerate (obtain one at a
time) the elements in a collection of objects.
 The methods declared by Enumeration are
summarized in the following table −

Sr.No Method & Description

.
boolean hasMoreElements( )
When implemented, it must return true while there are
1 still more elements to extract, and false when all the
elements have been enumerated.

Object nextElement( )
2 This returns the next object in the enumeration as a
generic Object reference.
Wrapper Classes

 Wrapper class in java provides the

mechanism to convert primitive into object and
object into primitive.
 Wrapper classes in java as the name wraps or
encapsulates the primitive data types such as
int, char etc. and gives them an object like
appearance which is mostly used in Collections
because in Collections we can only add objects.
 They are also known as Type
Wrappers because they convert the data
types into a class type.
Why To Use Wrapper
Classes
 Since java is object oriented language in
which every single element should be
treated as object whether it is a file, image
or anything but it uses primitive data
types which are not actual objects.

 we cannot pass primitive data types by

reference, they are passed by value and also
we cannot make two references which refer
to same data.

 Java only uses these primitive data types for

performance reasons and hence there should
a way in which we can convert them into
Wrapper classes for converting simple
types
Converting primitive numbers to
object numbers using constructor
method

Constructor Calling Conversion Action

Float FloatVal=new Float(f); Primitive float to Float
object
Integer IntVal=new Integer(i); Primitive integer to
Integer object
Double DoubleVal=new Primitive double to
Double(d); Double object
Long LongVal=new Long(l); Primitive long to Long
object
Converting object numbers to
primitive number using typeValue()
method
Method Calling Conversion Action
int i=IntVal.intValue(); Object to primitive
integer
float Object to primitive
f=FloatVal.floatValue(); float
long Object to primitive
l=LongVal.longValue(); long
double Object to primitive
d=DoubleVal.doubleValu double
e();
Converting numbers to
string using toString()
method
Method Calling Conversion Action

str=Integer.toString( Primitive integer to

i); string
str=Float.toString(f); Primitive float to string

str=Double.toString( Primitive double to

d); string
str=Long.toString(l); Primitive long to string
 Convert string object to numeric
objects using the static method
ValueOf()
Method Calling Conversion Action

IntVal=Integer.ValueOf(str); Converting string to

Integer object
LongVal=Long.ValueOf(str); Converting string to
Long object
FloatVal=Float.ValueOf(str); Converting string to
Float object
DoubleVal=Double.ValueOf(s Converting string to
tr); Double object
Converting numeric strings to
primitive numbers using parsing
methods
Method Calling Conversion Method
int i=Integer.parseInt(str); Converts string to
primitive integer
long l=Long.parseLong(str); Converts string to
primitive long
float Converts string to
f=Float.parseFloat(str); primitive float
double Converts string to
d=Double.parseDouble(str); primitive double
Autoboxing and Unboxing
 Converting primitive data types to wrapper class
types automatically is called Autoboxing.
 Converting wrapper class type into primitive types
automatically is called Unboxing.
 The compiler generates a code implicitly to
convert primitive type to the corresponding
wrapper class type and vice-versa.
 E.g.
Double d_object=90.6;
double d_primitive=d_object; (instead of
d_object.doubleValue();)