Module I

INTRODUCTION
TO ARDUINO
MICROCONTROLLER
 Learning Outcomes
• Understand the fundamentalparts, concepts,
components, and functions of the Arduino
microcontroller.
• Demonstrate the ability to set up, connect,
and program the Arduino microcontroller with
various input and output devices.
• Apply Arduino-based solutions to solve real-
world problems using appropriate hardware
and programming techniques.
Arduino 1
Introduction
The Arduino Microcontroller serves as the heart of many innovative
projects in electronics and robotics. It is a versatile and user-friendly
platform that allows students, hobbyists, and professionals alike to
build interactive systems that can sense and controlthe physicalworld.
Understanding the Arduinoecosystem involves becoming familiar
withthe varioushardware components, development environments, and
programming tools that make it possible to bring ideas to life.
In this lesson we will learn about the different components on the
Arduino board. We will study the Arduino UNO board because it is the
most popular board in the Arduino board family. In addition, it is the
best board to get started with electronics and coding. Some boards look
a bit different from the one given below, but most Arduinos have
majority of these components in common.
 Introduction to Arduino Microcontroller

What is Arduino?
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based
on easy-to-use hardware and software. The heart of
the platform is a microcontroller, a small computer
on a single integrated circuit that can be
programmed to control other electronic components.
Unlike traditional microprocessors used in
computers, microcontrollers are designed for specific
tasks, like reading sensor data or controlling motors.
 Introduction to Arduino Microcontroller

The A MICROCONTROLLER (or MCU,

short for microcontroller unit) is a small
computer (SoC) on a single integrated
circuit containing a processor core,
memory, and programmable input/output
peripherals. It serves as the brain of our
robot. Compared to our nervous system,
this unit sends the information
programmed so different robotic parts
can function.
 Parts of the Microcontroller

The A MICROCONTROLLER (or MCU,

short for microcontroller unit) is a small
computer (SoC) on a single integrated
circuit containing a processor core,
memory, and programmable input/output
peripherals. It serves as the brain of our
robot. Compared to our nervous system,
this unit sends the information
programmed so different robotic parts
can function.
 Parts of the Microcontroller
1. Power IN (Barrel Jack) – It can be
used with either a 9V or 12V supply.

2. Power IN (USB Port) – It provides

power and communicates with the
board when plugged into a
computer via USB.

3. LED (RX: Receiving) – It blinks

when receiving data.
 Parts of the Microcontroller
4. LED (TX: Transmitting) – It blinks
when transmitting data.

5. LED (Troubleshooting) – It blinks

when the program is running properly.

6. Pins (Digital, Analog, Ground) – It

can be used for input, output, power,
and ground. Pin 0 – 13
 Parts of the Microcontroller
Analog Output Pins / PWM Pins Pin ~ 3,
~5, ~6, ~9, ~10 and ~11
7. LED (ON/OFF) – It indicates if there is a
power.
8. Reset Button – It manually resets the
Arduino that makes your code restart. 9.
Pins (Analog In, Power In, Ground Power
Out, Reset) – They can be used for input,
output, power, and ground.

Pin A0 – A5 Power Pin • Reset • +3.3 V •

5V • Ground
 Microcontroller Uses Lots of devices make use of
microcontrollers. Some examples:
1. Burglar alarms incorporate a microcontroller chip, which is
connected to the keypad, display and sensor/contact inputs.

2. Older automatic washing machines used a cam switch for

sequencing the operations during a wash cycle. This was quite
a complex switch and was mounted on the end of the shaft of
the knob you used to select a wash program. Newer machines
use a microcontroller to sequence operations. Other appliances
such as microwave ovens and dishwashers may incorporate a
microcontroller
 Microcontroller Uses Lots of devices make use of
microcontrollers. Some examples:
3. TVs use microcontrollers to handle the selection of
channels and reading the state of buttons on the TV

4. Microcontrollers are used for engine control and

display of information on the dashboard (fascia) of
vehicles

5. Digital cameras use microcontrollers to handle input

from buttons, control of image capture and display
 Key Features
of Arduino

01
02 03 04
1.Open-source Hardware 4.Wide Range of Boards
2. Cross-platform 3. User-friendly IDE
All Arduino boards are Arduino offers a variety of
The Arduino Integrated The Arduino IDE is
open-source, meaning the boards, each suited to
Development designed to be simple
schematics and design different tasks, from basic
Environment (IDE) can and intuitive, with
files are freely models like the Arduino
rrun on Windows, Mac, built-in libraries and
available.This promotes Uno to more powerful
and Linux, making it examples to help variants like the Arduino
innovation and
accessible to a wide beginners get Mega and Arduino Due.
collaboration within the
range of users. started.
community.
 Arduino Microcontroller Architecture
The architecture of an Arduino board
typically includes the following components:
Microcontroller Unit (MCU): The core of the
Arduino board is the microcontroller, which
acts as the brain of the system. The most
common microcontroller used in Arduino
boards is the Atmel AVR (e.g., ATmega328P),
but other microcontrollers like the ARM
Cortex can also be found in more advanced
boards.
Arduino Microcontroller Architecture

DigitalI/O Pins: These pins

can be programmed to act as
either input or output.
They are used to interact
with other components like
LEDs, buttons, and sensors.
 Arduino Microcontroller Architecture

Analog Input Pins: These pins read

analog signals from sensors. For
example, a temperature sensor
might output a varying voltage,
which the analog pin can convert
into a digital value using the
microcontroller’s
Arduino Microcontroller Architecture

Power Supply: Arduino boardscan

bepowered through a USB
connectionor anexternal power
source. The onboard voltage
regulator ensures that the
microcontroller receives a stable 5V
or 3.3V, depending on the board
model.
 Arduino Microcontroller Architecture

Clock: The microcontroller requires

aclocksignal to operate. This
istypically provided by an external
quartz crystal oscillator or a
resonator, which determines the
speed at which the microcontroller
executes instructions.
Arduino Microcontroller Architecture

USB Interface: The USB port on

the Arduino board serves dual
purposes. It can power the board
and provide a means to upload
programs from the computer to
the microcontroller.
 Basics of Arduino
Microcontroller Architecture
 Arduino Boards
Popular Arduino Models
There are several Arduino boards
available, each designed for
different types of projects. Some
of the most common models
include:
Arduino Uno: The most popular and widely
used board, ideal for beginners.It features the
ATmega328P microcontroller, 14 digital I/O
pins, and 6 analog input pins.
Arduino Mega: This board is designed for
more complex projects requiring more I/O
pins. It has 54 digital I/O pins, 16 analog
inputs, and an ATmega2560 microcontroller.
Arduino Due: The Due is amore powerful board
featuringan ARM Cortex-M3 microcontroller. It
operates at3.3V and offers more processing
power for demanding applications.
Arduino Leonardo: The Leonardo uses the
ATmega32u4 microcontroller, which has built-in
USB communication, allowing it to act as a mouse
or keyboard directly connected to a computer.
 Selecting the Right Board
When selecting an Arduino board, consider the
following factors:

1. Project Complexity: If your project requires multiple sensors and

actuators, you may need a board with more I/O pins, like the
Arduino Mega.
2. Power Consumption: Some projects, like battery-powered
devices, may require low-power boards like the Arduino Pro Mini.
3. Processing Power: For computationally intensive projects, such as
those involving real-time data processing, consider boards with
 Practical Applications of Arduino
Arduino can be used in a wide variety of projects, from
simple DIY electronics to complex automation
systems.
Here are some examples:

1.Home Automation
Arduino can be used to automate home devices like
lights, fans, and security systems. By interfacing
with sensors and actuators, the Arduino can control
appliances based on environmental conditions
 Practical Applications of Arduino
Arduino can be used in a wide variety of projects, from
simple DIY electronics to complex automation
systems.
Here are some examples:

2.Robotics
Arduino is commonly used in robotics projects. It
can control motors, read sensor data, and even
enable wireless communication between robots.
For example, an Arduino can control the
 Practical Applications of Arduino
Arduino can be used in a wide variety of projects, from
simple DIY electronics to complex automation
systems.
Here are some examples:

3.Environmental Monitoring
Arduino can be used to build systems that monitor
environmental parameters such as temperature,
humidity, and air quality. By integrating with various
sensors, Arduino can collect and analyze data,
making it useful for weather stations and
Thank You!