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Section 6

Normalization is the process of organizing a database to eliminate data duplication, minimize inconsistencies, and improve data integrity. It involves several normal forms, including First Normal Form (1NF), Second Normal Form (2NF), and Third Normal Form (3NF), each with specific requirements for data structure. The document also outlines methods for normalizing a database by addressing composite attributes, multivalued attributes, and dependencies.

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2 views

Section 6

Normalization is the process of organizing a database to eliminate data duplication, minimize inconsistencies, and improve data integrity. It involves several normal forms, including First Normal Form (1NF), Second Normal Form (2NF), and Third Normal Form (3NF), each with specific requirements for data structure. The document also outlines methods for normalizing a database by addressing composite attributes, multivalued attributes, and dependencies.

Uploaded by

Nguyễn Xuân Mai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Normalization

Definition and purpose

• Normalization is the process of organizing and designing a


database according to principles and normalization rules in
order to achieve an optimal and efficient data structure.
• The purpose of normalization is to eliminate data
duplication, minimize inconsistencies and improve data
integrity, reducing redundancy and data anomalies in the
database.
Some Normal Form
 First Normal Form (1NF): A table (relation) is said to be in
1NF normal form if and only if all the value ranges of the
columns (fields) present in the table (relation) contain only
values atom (element).
Some Normal Form
 Example:
Some Normal Form
 Second Normal Form (2NF): A table (relation) is in 2NF if
that table (relation):
+ Be in 1NF
+ Non-key attributes must be fully functionally dependent on the
primary key
Some Normal Form
 Example:
Some Normal Form
 Third Normal Form (3NF): A table (relation) is in 3NF if
that table (relation):
 Be in 2NF
 Non-key attributes must directly depend on the primary key.
Some Normal Form
 Example:
How to normalize the database
NF Identification of non-normalization How to normalize
1  Has composite attribute  Split the composite attribute into
 Has multivalued attribute individual attributes.
 Split the multivalued attribute into a
new relation.
2 Dependent on a non-key attribute's Split a partial dependency attribute into a
partial dependency on the key new relation
attribute.

3 There exists a transitive dependency Split the transitive dependency attributes


between non-key attributes (where into a new relation.
non-key attributes depend
transitively on other non-key
attributes and the key attribute).

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