Indefinite Integration

INTERGATION AS ANTI -
DERIVATIVE
Let f(x) be a function. Then the collection of all its primitives is called the indefinite
∫
integral of f(x) and is denoted by 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥.
𝑑
( 𝑥 ) +𝑐 ) = 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) ⇒ ∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 =𝜙 ( 𝑥 ) +𝑐
( 𝜙Thus,
𝑑𝑥
𝜙 ( 𝑥)
where is primitive of f(x) and c is an arbitrary constant known as the constant of
integration.

∫Here is the integral sign, f(x) is the integrand, x is the variable of integration and dx
is the element of integration.

The process of finding an indefinite integral of a given function is called integration of

the function.

It follows from the above discussion that integrating a function f(x) means finding a
function such that
Q. ∫ 𝐞 𝐝𝐱
𝟐
𝐥𝐧𝐱
 ( )𝟏
Q . ∫ 𝐥𝐧 𝐱 𝐝𝐱
𝐞
Q. ∫ 𝐞
𝐥𝐧 𝟐+𝐥𝐧𝐱
𝐝𝐱
Q. ∫ √ 𝐱 𝟒 −𝟒
+ 𝐱 +𝟐
𝐝𝐱
𝟑
𝐱
STANDARD FORMULAS

9.

10.
Integrals of the form
Integrals of the form

Let 𝑎𝑥+𝑏=𝑡
⇒ 𝑎 𝑑𝑥=𝑑𝑡
⇒ where is a non – zero constant.
Integrals of the form


Let 𝑎𝑥+𝑏=𝑡⇒ 𝑎 𝑑𝑥=𝑑𝑡
⇒

where is a non – zero constant.


Integrals of the form

 Let 𝑎𝑥+𝑏=𝑡⇒ 𝑎 𝑑𝑥=𝑑𝑡

⇒

where is a non – zero constant.


Integrals of the form

Let 𝑎𝑥+𝑏=𝑡⇒ 𝑎 𝑑𝑥=𝑑𝑡


⇒

 where is a non – zero constant.


QUESTION

Find

SOLUTION

| ( )|
3 𝑥+ 4
2 𝑥
¿ − 4 ln sec +𝑐
3 ln 2 4
QUESTION

Find

SOLUTION
QUESTION

Find

SOLUTION
QUESTION

Find

SOLUTION
2 cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵=sin( 𝐴+𝐵)− sin( 𝐴− 𝐵)
QUESTION

Find

SOLUTION

1 3/+1
2 3 /2
¿ (2 𝑥+ 3) ( 2 𝑥 +2) +𝑐
3 3
QUESTION

The integral is ____.

(where is constant of integration).
JEE Main
17
A B

C D
SOLUTION

D
QUESTION

Find

SOLUTION

+ln∨𝑥 − 1∨+𝑐
Integration By
Substitution
Q . ∫ ¿¿¿
Q . ∫ ¿¿¿
 𝐝𝐱
∫ ¿¿
¿

Q
 𝑥 cos 𝑥
Q .∫ 𝑑𝑥
( 𝑥 sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 )2
∫ e 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐝𝐱
𝐱 𝐱

𝑥 cos 𝑥
Q .∫ 𝑑𝑥
( 𝑥 sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 )2
 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟑
𝐱 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐱
∫ 𝟏+ 𝐱𝟔 𝐝𝐱
QUESTION

Find the integral

A B

C D

SOLUTION

Given: Let
QUESTION

Evaluate .
𝑥
5
5 5
5
𝑥

3
A 3
+𝑐 B ( )
5 . ln 5 +𝑐
( ln 5 ) 𝑥
5
5
5 5
𝑥
3
C 3
+𝑐 D 5 . ( ln 5 ) +𝑐
( ln 5 )
 𝑥
SOLUTION 5
5
A 3
+𝑐
( ln 5 )
Let 𝑥
5
5 3
5
𝑥
𝑥
B 5 . ( ln 5 ) +𝑐
5 5 𝑥 3
⇒5 .5 .5 . ( ln5 ) 𝑑𝑥 =𝑑𝑡 5
5
5
𝑥

C ( ln 5 )3 +𝑐
𝑥
D 5 . ( ln 5 )3 +𝑐
5
QUESTION

Find the value of

A B

sec 3 2 𝑥 sec 2 𝑥 D
C − +𝑐
6 2
SOLUTION

Let
A
⇒ 2sec 2𝑥 tan 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥=𝑑𝑡
B

D
QUESTION

For (the set of natural numbers) , the integral

√ 2 sin ( 𝑥 −1 ) − sin 2 ( 𝑥 −1 )
2 2

∫𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 sin ( 𝑥 −1 ) + sin 2 ( 𝑥 −1 )
2 2

JEE Main

| | 1 January 19
1
sec 2 ( 𝑥 2 − 1 ) +𝑐 B2 log 𝑒|s ec ( 𝑥 − 1 )|+ 𝑐
2
Alog 𝑒 2

| ( )| | ( )|+ 𝑐
2
1
2
𝑥 −1 𝑥 −1
C 2 log 𝑒 sec
2
2
+𝑐 Dlog 𝑒 s ec
2
SOLUTION

√ 2 sin ( 𝑥 −1 ) − sin 2 ( 𝑥 −1 )
2 2

2 sin ( 𝑥 −1 ) + sin 2 ( 𝑥 −1 )
2 2
𝑑𝑥 Let
|
Alog 𝑒
1
2 |
sec 2 ( 𝑥 2 −1 ) +
1
B log 𝑒|s ec ( 𝑥 − 1 )|+ 𝑐
2
2
| ( )|+
2
1 2 𝑥 −1
C log 𝑒 sec
2 2

| ( )|+ 𝑐
2
𝑥 −1
log
D 𝑒 s ec 2
QUESTION
The integral is equal to ___. (here is a constant of integration)

| |
2
|𝑥 3 +1| 𝑥 +1 3 1 ( 𝑥
3
+1 )
A ln 𝑥
2
+𝑐 B C ln 𝑥 +𝑐 D 2 ln |𝑥 3| +𝑐
JEE Main
SOLUTION April 19
Let
Let 3
⇒ ( 4 𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 =𝑑𝑡

¿ ln|𝑡|− 2 ln |𝑥|
QUESTIO
N
The integral is equal to ___. (here is a constant of integration)

| |
2
|𝑥 3 +1| 𝑥 +1 3 1 ( 𝑥
3
+1 )
A ln 𝑥
2
+𝑐 B C ln 𝑥 +𝑐 D 2 ln |𝑥 3| +𝑐
JEE Main
SOLUTION April 19
Let
Let 3
⇒ ( 4 𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 =𝑑𝑡

¿ ln|𝑡|− |𝑥|2|
−2lnln|𝑥
Thank
You
Integrals of Some
S p e c i a l Fu n c t i o n s
S t a n d a r d Tr i g o n o m e t r i c S u b s t i t u t i o n s

Expression Substitution
2 2
𝑎 +𝑥 or
2 2
𝑎 − 𝑥 or
2 2 or
𝑥 −𝑎
or
𝑥=𝑎 cos 2 𝜃
Standard Integrals
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
 ∫ =sin
−1
+𝑐
√ 𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 𝑎
Proof:
𝑑𝑥
𝑎 cos 𝜃 𝑑 𝜃 Let
∫ 2 ¿2∫
√𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑎 cos 𝜃 ⇒ 𝑑𝑥= 𝑎 cos 𝜃
Standard Integrals
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 Expression Substitution
 ∫ =sin
−1
+𝑐
√𝑎
2 2
2
−𝑥 2 𝑎 𝑎 +𝑥 or
2 2
𝑎 − 𝑥 or
2 2
𝑥 −𝑎 or
𝑑𝑥 1 −1 𝑥
 ∫ 𝑥 +𝑎 𝑎
2 2
= tan
𝑎
+𝑐 or
𝑥=𝑎 cos 2 𝜃

𝑑𝑥 1 −1 𝑥
 ∫ = s ec +𝑐
¿ 𝑥∨√ 𝑥 − 𝑎 𝑎
2 2 𝑎
QUESTION
1
Find ∫ 2
𝑑𝑥
( 𝑥 +5 )
SOLUTION
 QUESTION
1
Find ∫ 2
𝑑𝑥
( 𝑥 +5 )
SOLUTION

1
∫ ( 𝑥 2 +5 ) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1 −1 𝑥
∫ 2
𝑥 +𝑎
2
= tan
𝑎 𝑎
+𝑐

1
√5
tan − 1
( )
𝑥
√5
+𝑐
 QUESTION
𝑥
2Find
∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
√ 1−4
SOLUTION
 QUESTION
𝑥
2Find
∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
√ 1−4
SOLUTION

𝑑𝑥 𝑥
2 𝑥 Let
∫ =sin
−1
+𝑐
∫ ⇒ 2𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
ln 2 𝑑𝑥=𝑑𝑡 √ 𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 𝑎
√ⅆ1
𝑡
−4
¿∫
ln 2 √ 1− 𝑡 2
−1
sin ( 𝑡 )
¿ +𝑐
ln 2

sin − 1 ( 2 𝑥 )
¿ +𝑐
ln 2
QUESTION
2
2 +5 𝑥
Find ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 (1+ 𝑥 )
2 2
SOLUTION
2 2 2
2 +5 𝑥 2 +2 𝑥 + 3 𝑥
∫ ¿ ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 ( 1 + 𝑥 ) 𝑥 2 ( 1 + 𝑥2 )
2
𝑑𝑥 1 −1 𝑥
∫ 𝑥 +𝑎 𝑎
2 2
= tan
𝑎
+𝑐
2 ( 1 + 𝑥 ) +3 𝑥 2
2
¿∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 (1+ 𝑥 )
2 2

2 3
¿∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 +∫ 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 1+ 𝑥

2
¿− +¿
𝑥
Integrals of Some Special
Fu n c t i o n s
𝑑𝑥
∫ =l n ¿ 𝑥 + √ 𝑥
2
+𝑎
2
∨¿+𝑐 ¿ L et 𝑥=𝑎 tan 𝜃
√ 𝑎 +𝑥
2 2
2
⇒ 𝑑𝑥=𝑎 sec 𝜃 𝑑 𝜃
Proof:
2
𝑎 sec 𝜃
∫ 𝑎 sec 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
¿ ln ¿ sec 𝜃+tan 𝜃∨¿+𝑐 ¿

¿ l n ¿ 𝑥+ √ 𝑥 +𝑎 ∨¿+𝑐 ¿
2 2
 𝑑𝑥
∫ 2 2 =l n ¿ 𝑥 +√ 𝑥 +𝑎 ∨¿+𝑐 ¿
2 2

√ 𝑎 +𝑥
𝑑𝑥
∫ =l n ¿ 𝑥+ √ 𝑥
2
− 𝑎
2
∨¿ +𝑐 ¿
√𝑥 −𝑎
2 2

𝑑𝑥
∫ 2 =
𝑎 − 𝑥 2𝑎
2
1
ln
𝑎+ 𝑥
𝑎− 𝑥
+𝑐| |
Proof:
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1 ( 𝑎 − 𝑥 )+( 𝑎+ 𝑥)
∫ 𝑎2 − 𝑥∫2 ( 𝑎 − 𝑥)( 𝑎+
¿ ¿ ∫
𝑥 ) (𝑎 − 𝑥)(𝑎 + 𝑥)
2𝑎
𝑑𝑥

¿
1
2𝑎 (
1
+
1
∫ 𝑎+𝑥 𝑎− 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
¿
1
2𝑎
ln | 𝑎+ 𝑥
𝑎− 𝑥|+𝑐
Standard Integrals (contd.)
𝑑𝑥
∫ 2 2 =l n ¿ 𝑥 +√ 𝑥 +𝑎 ∨¿+𝑐 ¿
2 2

√ 𝑎 +𝑥
𝑑𝑥
∫ =l n ¿ 𝑥+ √ 𝑥
2
− 𝑎
2
∨¿ +𝑐 ¿
√𝑥 −𝑎
2 2

 𝑑𝑥
𝑎 −𝑥
1
| |
𝑎+ 𝑥
∫ 2 2 = 2 𝑎 ln 𝑎 − 𝑥 +𝑐
 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
=
1
𝑥 −𝑎 2𝑎
2 2
ln | 𝑥−𝑎
𝑥 +𝑎 |+𝑐
QUESTION
1
Find ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2
+4
SOLUTION
QUESTION
1
Find ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2
+4
SOLUTION

1 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥
∫ 2 2 =l n ¿ 𝑥 +√ 𝑥 +𝑎 ∨¿+𝑐 ¿
2 2
√𝑥 2
+4
√ 𝑎 +𝑥
QUESTION
𝑥
𝑒 −1
∫
Find 𝑑𝑥
√𝑒 2𝑥
−1
 SOLUTION
𝑥
𝑒 −1 Let
∫ 𝑑𝑥
√ 𝑒2 𝑥 −𝑥 1 𝑥
⇒ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥=𝑑𝑡
𝑒 1
¿∫ −∫
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
√𝑒 2𝑥
−1 √𝑒 2𝑥
−1 ∫ 2 2 2 2 =l n ¿ 𝑥+ √
=sec𝑥
2 −1 2
− 𝑎𝑥+ ∨¿¿+𝑐
𝑐
¿∫
𝑒
𝑥
𝑑𝑥−∫
𝑒
𝑥 √¿𝑥𝑥∨
− 𝑎√ 𝑥 − 𝑎
𝑑𝑥
√𝑒 2𝑥
−1 𝑒
𝑥
√𝑒 2𝑥
−1
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
¿∫ −∫
√𝑡 2
−1 𝑡 √ 𝑡 2 −1
¿ ln ¿𝑡+ √ 𝑡 2 −1∨¿¿− sec −1 𝑡 + 𝑐

ln ¿ 𝑒𝑥 + √ 𝑒2 𝑥 −1∨¿ − sec − 1 𝑒𝑥 +𝑐 ¿
QUESTION
𝑥
Find∫ 4
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 −1
SOLUTION
 QUESTION
𝑥
Find∫ 4
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 −1
SOLUTION

∫ 4
𝑥
𝑥 −1
𝑑𝑥
Let
⇒ 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥=𝑑𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑥
=
𝑥 −𝑎 2𝑎
2 2
1
| |
ln
𝑥−𝑎
𝑥 +𝑎
+

1 𝑑𝑡
¿∫
2 (𝑡 2 − 1)
¿
1
4
ln | |
𝑡−1
𝑡 +1
+𝑐

¿
1
4
ln 2 | |
𝑥2− 1
𝑥 +1
+𝑐
Standard Integrals(contd):


QUESTION

Evaluate

SOLUTION

1
¿
2 +2
𝑥 ln|
√𝑥4 √+𝑥
++4𝑥
2
2
|+𝑐
QUESTION

Evaluate ∫
√ 3 − ln 2
𝑥
𝑑𝑥 ,𝑒 − √3 < 𝑥 <𝑒 √ 3
𝑥
SOLUTION

∫ √ 3 − ln 2
𝑥
𝑑𝑥 ,𝑒 − √3
< 𝑥 <𝑒
Let√3 ⇒
1
𝑑𝑥 =𝑑𝑡
𝑥 𝑥

¿ ∫ √3−𝑡 𝑑𝑡
2
 Standard Integrals(contd):

Proof: Let
⇒ 𝑑𝑥=𝑎cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
∫ 𝑎 cos 𝜃𝑑 𝜃
2 2 2
𝑎 ( 1+cos2 𝜃 )
¿∫ 𝑑𝜃
2
𝑎2 𝑎2
¿ 𝜃+ sin 2 𝜃 + 𝑐
2 4
𝑎2 1
¿ 𝜃 + 𝑎 sin 𝜃 . 𝑎 cos 𝜃 + 𝑐
2 2
 Standard Integrals(contd):

Proof:

Let
2
⇒ 𝑑𝑥=𝑎 sec 𝜃 𝑑 𝜃
Integrals of
t h e f o rm
Integrals of the form
Divide Numerator & Denominator by

Let Coefficient of
N O T E constant must
be same.
Integrals of the form
Divide Numerator & Denominator by

Let
Coefficient of
N O T E constant must
be same.
QUESTION

Evaluate
SOLUTION

Let
QUESTION

Evaluate
SOLUTION

Let
QUESTION

Evaluate
SOLUTION
QUESTION

Evaluate
SOLUTION

Let

𝐼1 𝐼2
SOLUTION

𝐼1 𝐼2
Put
SOLUTION

𝐼1 𝐼2
Put
SOLUTION

𝐼1 𝐼2

Put
SOLUTION

𝐼1 𝐼2

Put
SOLUTION

𝐼1 𝐼2

+𝑐

Replace
 𝟐
𝐱 +𝟏
Q .∫ 𝟒 𝟐
𝐝𝐱
𝐱 +𝟕 𝐱 +𝟏
 𝟐
𝐱
Q . ∫ 𝟒 𝐝𝐱
𝐱 +𝟏
 𝐝𝐱
Q .∫ 𝟒
𝐱 +𝟏
 𝟐
( 𝐱 +𝟏 )
Q . ∫ 𝟒 𝟐 𝐝𝐱
𝐱 + 𝐱 +𝟏
 𝐝𝐱
Q .∫
𝐱 𝟒+ 𝐚 𝟒
 𝟏𝟕
𝐱
Q .∫ 𝟐𝟒
𝐝𝐱
𝟏+ 𝐱
 ( 𝐱 +𝟑 ¿ 𝐝𝐱
𝟐
Q .∫ 𝟒 𝟐
𝐱 +𝟖 𝐱 +𝟗
Q . ∫ √ 𝐜𝐨𝐭𝛉 𝐝𝛉
 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱
Q .∫ 𝐝𝐱
√ 𝟖 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐 𝐱
 𝐝𝐱
Q .∫
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐞𝐜 𝐱 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱
Integration by
Pa r t s
I n t e g r a t i o n b y p a r t s ( Pro d u c t Ru l e )

If are two functions of , then

Product Rule
 Product Rule

Proof: For any two functions and

𝑑
( 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) . 𝑔 ( 𝑥 ) ) =¿𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) . 𝑔′ ( 𝑥 ) + 𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 ) .𝑔 ( 𝑥) On integrating ,
𝑑𝑥

⇒ 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) . 𝑔 ( 𝑥 )=¿

𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) . 𝑔 ( 𝑥)

Let

⇒ ∫ 𝑢. 𝑣 𝑑𝑥=¿ −∫
I L AT E Ru l e f o r i n t e g r a t i o n :

The choice of is usually decided by ILATE rule :

 I - Inverse Trigonometric function

 L – Logarithmic function
Function which
 A – Algebraic function comes later is taken
as Integrable.
 T – Trigonometric function

 E – Exponential function
Q . ∫ 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐱 . 𝐥𝐧 ( 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐱 ) 𝐝𝐱
𝟐
 −𝟏
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱
Q .∫ 𝟐 𝟑/ 𝟐
𝐝𝐱
( 𝟏− 𝐱 )
 𝟏
Q . ∫ 𝐜𝐨𝐬
−𝟏
𝐝𝐱
𝐱
Q . ∫ 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐱 𝐝𝐱
𝟑
Q . ∫ 𝐱 𝐞 𝐝𝐱
𝟐 𝟑𝐱
Q . ∫ 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐱 . 𝐥𝐧 ( 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐱 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐱 ) 𝐝𝐱
 −𝟏
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱
Q .∫ 𝟑
𝐝𝐱
𝐱
Q . ∫ 𝐱 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐱 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱 𝐝𝐱
𝟐
Q . ∫ 𝐱 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐱 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐱 𝐝𝐱
𝟐
Q . ∫ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 (𝐥𝐧 𝐱 ) 𝐝𝐱
 𝟏
Q . ∫ 𝐥𝐧𝐱 𝟐
𝐝𝐱
( 𝐱 +𝟏 )
QUESTIO
N
Find
2
𝑥 −1 𝑥 1 −1 𝑥 1
A ⋅ tan 𝑥 − + tan 𝑥 +𝑐B ⋅ tan
−1
𝑥+ tan
−1
𝑥+ 𝑐
2 2 2 2 2
2
𝑥
2
𝑥 −1 𝑥 −1
C ⋅ tan
−1
𝑥− +𝑐 D 𝑥 ⋅ tan 𝑥+ tan 𝑥+ 𝑐
2 2 2
SOLUTION

2
A
𝑥 −1 𝑥 1
⋅ tan 𝑥 − + tan
𝐼 𝐷 2 2 2

𝑥
2
𝑥
2
∫ B
𝑥
2
𝑥
−1

⋅ tan
−1
1
⋅ tan 𝑥+ tan 𝑥
2
2
𝑥−
𝑥
−1

+
¿
2
−1
. tan 𝑥 − ∫ 2
2(1+ 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥 C
2
2
2
−1 𝑥 −1
D 𝑥 ⋅ tan 𝑥+ tan 𝑥
𝑥
2 2
( 𝑥 +1) −1 2
1
¿
2
⋅ tan − 1 𝑥 −
2
∫ (1+ 𝑥 2) 𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION

2 2
𝑥 1 ( 𝑥 +1) −1 2
¿
2
⋅ tan − 1 𝑥 −
2
∫ (1+ 𝑥 2) 𝑑𝑥 A
𝑥
2
−1 𝑥 1
⋅ tan 𝑥 − + tan
2 2
𝑥 −1 1 −1
𝑥
2
𝑥 1 1 B ⋅ tan 𝑥+ tan 𝑥
¿
2
⋅ tan − 1 𝑥 − +
2 2
∫ (1+ 𝑥 2) 𝑑𝑥 2
𝑥
2
−1
2
𝑥
C ⋅ tan 𝑥− +
𝑥
2
𝑥 1 2 2
¿ ⋅ tan − 1 𝑥 − + tan −1 𝑥+𝑐 −1 𝑥
2
−1
2 2 2 D 𝑥 ⋅ tan 𝑥+ tan 𝑥
2
QUESTIO
N
Find

A − 𝑥 2 . cos 𝑥 +2 𝑥 sin 𝑥+2 cos 𝑥+𝑐 2

B 𝑥 . cos 𝑥 − 2 𝑥 sin 𝑥 +2 cos 𝑥 +𝑐

C − 𝑥 2 . cos 𝑥 −2 𝑥 sin 𝑥+ 𝑐 D − 𝑥 2 . cos 𝑥 +2 𝑥 sin 𝑥 − 2cos 𝑥 +𝑐

SOLUTION

𝐷 𝐼 A 2
− 𝑥 . cos 𝑥 +2 𝑥 sin 𝑥+2 cos 𝑥+𝑐

−∫ B
2
𝑥 . cos 𝑥 − 2 𝑥 sin 𝑥 +2 cos 𝑥
2
C − 𝑥 . cos 𝑥 −2 𝑥 sin 𝑥+ 𝑐
2
¿ − 𝑥 .cos 𝑥 2
D − 𝑥 . cos 𝑥 +2 𝑥 sin 𝑥 − 2cos 𝑥 +𝑐
𝐷 𝐼
2
¿ − 𝑥 ⋅ cos 𝑥
∫
SOLUTION

2
¿ − 𝑥 ⋅ cos 𝑥
∫ 2
2 A − 𝑥 . cos 𝑥 +2 𝑥 sin 𝑥+2 cos 𝑥+𝑐
¿ − 𝑥 .cos 𝑥
2
B 𝑥 . cos 𝑥 − 2 𝑥 sin 𝑥 +2 cos 𝑥
¿ − 𝑥 .cos 𝑥+2 𝑥 sin+2
𝑥 cos 𝑥 +𝑐
2
2
C − 𝑥 . cos 𝑥 −2 𝑥 sin 𝑥+ 𝑐
2
D − 𝑥 . cos 𝑥 +2 𝑥 sin 𝑥 − 2cos 𝑥 +𝑐
QUESTIO
N
Find
2 2
𝑥 𝑥
A 𝑥 . ln 𝑥 − +𝑐 B . ln 𝑥 − 𝑥 +𝑐
2 2
𝑥
C 2 . ln 𝑥 − 𝑥 +𝑐 D 𝑥 . ln 𝑥 − 𝑥 +𝑐
SOLUTION

2
𝑥
𝑥
A . ln 𝑥 − 2 +𝑐
2
𝑥
B2 . ln 𝑥 − 𝑥 +𝑐
𝐼𝐷 𝑥

−∫
C . ln 𝑥 − 𝑥 +𝑐
2

D 𝑥 . ln 𝑥 − 𝑥 +𝑐
1
¿ 𝑥 . ln 𝑥−∫ . 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑥
¿ 𝑥 . ln 𝑥 − 𝑥 +𝑐
ILATE Rule for integration:

⮚ I - Inverse Trigonometric function

⮚ L – Logarithmic
function Function which
comes later is
⮚ A – Algebraic
taken as
function
Integrable.
⮚ T – Trigonometric function

⮚ E – Exponential
function
QUESTION

JEE Main

A January 1
B 9

C D
SOLUTION

D
QUESTION

JEE Main
Sept. 2
A B 0

C D
SOLUTION

D
SOLUTION

D
QUESTION

JEE Main
Sept. 2
A B C D 0
SOLUTION
Recurring
Model
Recurring Model

EXAMPLE
Recurring Model

EXAMPLE
QUESTION

JEE Main

A January 1
B 9

C D
SOLUTION

D
Similarly
,
QUESTION

SOLUTION
Some Special
Integrals
Some Special Integrals

Proof : Applying by –
parts
 𝐱 𝐞𝐱
Q .∫ 𝟐
𝐝𝐱
( 𝟏+ 𝐱 )
Q . ∫ 𝐞 [ 𝐥𝐧 (𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐱 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐱 )+ 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐱 ] 𝐝𝐱
𝐱
Q . ∫ ¿¿¿
Q . ∫ [ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( 𝐥𝐧 𝐱 )+ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( 𝐥𝐧 𝐱 )¿ 𝐝𝐱
 𝐱 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱
Q .∫ 𝐝𝐱
𝟏+ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱
Q . ∫ ¿¿¿
Q . ∫ ¿¿¿
 𝐥𝐧 𝐱
Q .∫ 𝟐
𝐝𝐱
( 𝟏+ 𝐥𝐧 𝐱 )
Q . ∫ ¿¿¿
 𝐱𝟐 𝐞 𝐱
Q .∫ 𝟐
𝐝𝐱
( 𝐱 +𝟐 )
Q . ∫ ¿¿¿
Q .∫ √ 𝟏+𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐 𝐱
𝐝𝐱
−𝐱
( 𝟏+ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝐱 ¿ 𝐞
 𝐝𝐱
Q .∫ 𝐱 𝟐
( 𝐞 +𝐞 −𝐱 )
QUESTION

A B

C D
SOLUTION

D
QUESTION

A B

C D
SOLUTION
A

D
QUESTIO
N
Evaluate

A B

C D
SOLUTION

⇒ 𝑥=ⅇ
𝑡
Let
⇒ 𝑑𝑥= ⅇ𝑡 𝑑𝑡
Integrals of Some
S p e c i a l Fu n c t i o n s
I n t e g r a l s o f S o m e S p e c i a l Fu n c t i o n s


𝐷𝐼
Proof:
Applying by-parts,

¿ 𝑥𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) +𝑐
 QUESTION

Evaluate

A 𝑥 . cos ( 𝑥 ) +𝑐 sin
B 𝑥 − 𝑥 cos 𝑥+ 𝑐
C sin
D 𝑥+ 𝑥 cos 𝑥 +𝑐
SOLUTION

− 𝑥 cos 𝑥+ 𝑐
QUESTION

The integral is equal to :

JEE Main
14
A B

C D
SOLUTION

1
𝑥 +
𝑥
𝑥𝑒 +𝑐
Integration Using
P a r t i a l Fr a c t i o n
I n t e g r a t i o n U s i n g Pa r t i a l Fr a c t i o n

Let is a rational expression, to integrate we apply method of partial fractions.

N O T E
Here degree of Numerator should be less than degree of Denominator.

E X A M P L E
¿
are constants
I n t e g r a t i o n U s i n g Pa r t i a l Fr a c t i o n

Case 1 : When Denominator is product of non - repeated linear factors.

Here , , ,.., are constants.

I n t e g r a t i o n U s i n g Pa r t i a l Fr a c t i o n

are constants
E X A M P L E

Method 1:
𝑥 −1=𝑎 ( 𝑥 − 3 ) + 𝑏( 𝑥 −2)

Solving ,
I n t e g r a t i o n U s i n g Pa r t i a l Fr a c t i o n

are constants
E X A M P L E

Method 2:

For , put in L.H.S except at

𝑎=− 1
For , put in L.H.S except at
 𝟐
𝟐 𝐱 +𝟒𝟏 𝐱 −𝟗𝟏
Q .∫ ¿
¿¿
QUESTION
cos 𝜃𝜃
cos
∫∫5+7 sin 𝜃 −−22cos
2 2
cos𝜃 𝜃
𝑑 𝜃𝐴 log𝑒|𝐵(𝜃)|+𝐶
𝑑 𝜃=
If 5+7sin can be :
JEE Main

A B Sept. 20

C D
 QUESTION
cos 𝜃
∫ 5+7 sin 𝜃 − 2 cos2 𝜃 𝑑 𝜃= 𝐴 log𝑒|𝐵(𝜃)|+𝐶
If can be :
JEE Main
SOLUTION
Sept. 20
cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃
∫ 5+7 sin 𝜃 − 2 cos2 𝜃 𝑑¿ 𝜃
∫ 2
𝑑𝜃 Let
3+7 sin 𝜃+2 sin 𝜃 ⇒ cos 𝜃 𝑑 𝜃=𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡
¿∫ 2
2 𝑡 +7 𝑡+3
𝑑𝑡
¿∫
(2𝑡 +1)(𝑡+3)
, where are constants.
QUESTION
cos 𝜃𝜃
cos
∫∫5+7 sin 𝜃 −−22cos
2 2
cos𝜃 𝜃
𝑑 𝜃𝐴 log𝑒|𝐵(𝜃)|+𝐶
𝑑 𝜃=
If 5+7sin can be :
JEE Main
SOLUTION
Sept. 20
, where are constants. Let
For , put in L.H.S except

𝑎=2/ 5
For , put in L.H.S except
𝑏=−1 /5
QUESTION
cos 𝜃𝜃
cos
∫∫5+7 sin 𝜃 −−22cos
2 2
cos𝜃 𝜃
𝑑 𝜃𝐴 log𝑒|𝐵(𝜃)|+𝐶
𝑑 𝜃=
If 5+7sin can be :
JEE Main
SOLUTION
Sept. 20
Let

cos 𝜃 𝑑𝑡
∫ 5+7 sin 𝜃 − 2cos2 𝜃 𝑑 𝜃 ¿ ∫ (2𝑡 +1)(𝑡+3)
¿∫
( 2
−
1
5(2 𝑡 +1) 5 (𝑡 +3)
𝑑𝑡
)
2 𝑑𝑡 1 𝑑𝑡
¿ ∫ − ∫
5 ( 2𝑡 +1) 5 (𝑡 +3)
ln |2 𝑡 + 1| ln|𝑡 +3|
¿ − +𝐶
5 5
QUESTION
cos 𝜃𝜃
cos
∫∫5+7 sin 𝜃 −−22cos
2 2
cos𝜃 𝜃
𝑑 𝜃𝐴 log𝑒|𝐵(𝜃)|+𝐶
𝑑 𝜃=
If 5+7sin can be :
JEE Main
SOLUTION
Sept. 20
Let
cos 𝜃
∫ 5+7 sin 𝜃 − 2cos2 𝜃 𝑑 𝜃

¿ 𝐴 log 𝑒|𝐵( 𝜃)|+ 𝐶

QUESTION
cos 𝜃𝜃
cos
∫∫5+7 sin 𝜃 −−22cos
2 2
cos𝜃 𝜃
𝑑 𝜃𝐴 log𝑒|𝐵(𝜃)|+𝐶
𝑑 𝜃=
If 5+7sin can be :
JEE Main
SOLUTION
Sept. 20
Let
cos 𝜃
∫ 5+7 sin 𝜃 − 2cos2 𝜃 𝑑 𝜃

¿ 𝐴 log 𝑒|𝐵( 𝜃)|+ 𝐶

,
I n t e g r a t i o n U s i n g Pa r t i a l Fr a c t i o n

Case 2 : When Denominator is product of linear factors , some of which are

repeating.

Here , are constants.

E X A M P L E
 | |
QUESTION
1 𝐴 𝑥
∫
Evaluate 2
𝑑𝑥 =
𝑥 +1
+ 𝐵 ln
𝑥 +1
+𝐶 is constant of
,where
𝑥 ( 𝑥+ 1 )
integration , then :
A B

C𝐴=1 , 𝐵= 1 D𝐴=1 , 𝐵=−1

 | |
QUESTION
1 𝐴 𝑥
∫
Evaluate 2
𝑑𝑥 =
𝑥 +1
+ 𝐵 ln
𝑥 +1
+𝐶 is constant of
,where
𝑥 ( 𝑥+ 1 )
integration , then :
SOLUTION
 | |
QUESTION
1 𝐴 𝑥
∫
Evaluate 2
𝑑𝑥 =
𝑥 +1
+ 𝐵 ln
𝑥 +1
+𝐶 is constant of
,where
𝑥 ( 𝑥+ 1 )
integration , then :
SOLUTION

2
1= 𝑎 ( 𝑥+ 1 ) + 𝑏𝑥 ( 𝑥 +1 ) +𝑐𝑥

Put ⇒ 𝑎=1
Put ⇒ 𝑐=−1
2
1= ( 𝑥 +1 ) +𝑏𝑥 ( 𝑥 +1 ) − 𝑥
Comparing coefficient of ⇒ 0= 1+𝑏
⇒ 𝑏=− 1
 | |
QUESTION
1 𝐴 𝑥
∫
Evaluate 2
𝑑𝑥 =
𝑥 +1
+ 𝐵 ln
𝑥 +1
+𝐶 is constant of
,where
𝑥 ( 𝑥+ 1 )
integration , then :
SOLUTION

( )
1 1 1 1
∫ 𝑥 ( 𝑥+ 1∫
¿
) 𝑥
2
𝑑𝑥 −
𝑥+ 1
−
( 𝑥+1 ) 2
𝑑𝑥

⇒ 𝐴=1 , 𝐵=1
 TECHNIQUES OF PARTIAL
FRACTION
1.
2.
3.
 𝟑 𝟐
𝐱 −𝟐 𝐱 +𝟒
Q .∫ 𝟐 𝟐
𝐝𝐱
𝐱 ( 𝐱 − 𝟐)
 𝐱
Q . ∫ ¿¿ ¿
 𝟑
𝐱 𝐝𝐱
Q .∫ 𝟒 𝟐
𝐱 +𝟑 𝐱 +𝟐
 𝐝𝐱
Q .∫ 𝟑
𝐱 +𝟏
 𝐱
Q . ∫ ¿¿ ¿
 𝐝𝐱
Q .∫
𝐱𝟑 −𝟏
 𝟑
𝐱 +𝐱 − 𝟏
Q . ∫ 𝟐 𝟐 𝐝𝐱
( 𝐱 +𝟐 )
 𝐝𝐱
Q . ∫ ¿¿
¿
 𝐝𝐱
Q .∫
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐 𝐱 −𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱
 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱
Q .∫ 𝐝𝐱
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟒 𝐱
I n t e g r a t i o n U s i n g Pa r t i a l Fr a c t i o n
Let is a rational expression , to integrate we apply method of partial fractions .

If degree of is greater than

 Divide by

 Express , where and are polynomials

and degree of is less than degree of .

QUESTION
3 2
𝑥 − 4 𝑥 +2 𝑥 +5
∫ 𝑥 2 − 5 𝑥+6 𝑑 𝑥
Evaluate
SOLUTION
3 2
𝑥 − 4 𝑥 +2 𝑥 +5 ( 𝑥 −5 𝑥 +6 ) ( 𝑥 +1 ) + 𝑥 − 1
2

2 ¿∫
𝑑 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 − 5 𝑥+6 𝑥 − 5 𝑥+6
¿∫
( 𝑥 −1
( 𝑥+ 1 ) +
2
𝑥 − 5 𝑥 +6
𝑑𝑥
)
2
𝑥 𝑥 −1
¿ +𝑥+∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
2 𝑥 −5 𝑥 +6

−1 2
∫ 𝑥−2 + 𝑥−3 𝑑 𝑥=¿
CASE-i :Type – TRIGONOMETRIC Integrals
1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑎+𝑏 sin 2 𝑥 ;∫ 𝑎+ 𝑏 cos2 𝑥 ;∫ 𝑎 sin2 𝑥+𝑏 cos2 𝑥 +𝑐 si n 𝑥 co s 𝑥
[ Divided by put ]
 𝐝𝐱
Q .∫ 𝟐
𝟒 −𝟓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱
 𝐝𝐱
Q .∫
( 𝟑 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱 − 𝟒 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱 )𝟐
 𝐝𝐱
Q .∫ 𝟐
𝟑+ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱
 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐 𝐱
Q .∫ 𝟒 𝟒
𝐝𝐱
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱
 𝐝𝐱
Q .∫
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟒 𝐱 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟒 𝐱
 TRIGONOMETRIC Integrals
CASE-i :Type – 2

dx dx 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑎+𝑏 si n 𝑥 ;∫ 𝑎+𝑏 co s 𝑥 ;∫ 𝑎+𝑏 si n 𝑥 +𝑐 co s 𝑥
[ Use the formulae of in terms of then put ]
 𝐝𝐱
Q .∫
𝟓+𝟒 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱
 𝐝𝐱
Q .∫
𝟓+𝟒 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱
 𝐝𝐱
Q .∫
𝟑+𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱
 𝐝𝐱
Q .∫
𝟑+𝟓 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱
 𝐝𝐱
Q .∫
𝟒+𝟓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱
 𝐝𝐱
Q .∫
𝟏− 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱
 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱
Q .∫ 𝐝𝐱
𝟓−𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱
CASE-i :Type -3 TRIGONOMETRIC Integrals

or

[concept :
 𝟔+𝟑 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱 +𝟏𝟒 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱
Q .∫
𝟑+𝟒 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱 +𝟓 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱
 𝟏𝟏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱 −𝟏𝟔 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱
Q .∫
𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱 +𝟓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱
Q . ∫ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝐱 . 𝐥𝐧 (𝟏+ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐱 ) 𝐝𝐱
 𝐱 −𝐱
𝟑 𝐞 +𝟓 𝐞
Q .∫ 𝐱 −𝐱
𝐝𝐱
𝟒 𝐞 − 𝟓𝐞
Some special Integrals :
ⅆ𝑥 ⅆ𝑥
∫ ∫ 
2
𝑎𝑥 +𝑏𝑥 +𝑐 √ 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥+ 𝑐
2

Express Perfect square + Some constant

QUESTION

Evaluate
SOLUTION
QUESTION
𝑥
Evaluate ∫ 4 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 +𝑥 +1

A B

C D
SOLUTION

𝑥
∫ 𝑥 4 +𝑥 2+1 𝑑𝑥 Let A
⇒ 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥=𝑑𝑡
B
1 𝑑𝑡
¿ ∫ 2
2 𝑡 +𝑡 +1 C

𝑑𝑡
∫ D
( ( 𝑡 + 1/ 2 ) 2
+3 / 4 )
Some special Integrals :

 (𝑝𝑥+𝑞) ⅆ 𝑥 ( 𝑝𝑥+ 𝑞) ⅆ 𝑥 
∫ 𝑎𝑥 2 +𝑏𝑥+𝑐 ∫
√ 𝑎𝑥 2+ 𝑏𝑥+ 𝑐
Express ( differential coefficient of quadratic )

⇒ 𝑝𝑥+ 𝑞= 𝐴 ( 2 𝑎𝑥+ 𝑏 ) + 𝐵
QUESTION

Evaluate
SOLUTION

Comparing coeff. of and constant,

𝐼1 𝐼2
 𝐼2
𝐼1
𝐼1
Let

⇒(2 𝑥+2)𝑑𝑥 =𝑑𝑡

 𝐼2

¿ tan −1 ( 𝑥 +1)+𝑐 2
QUESTION
𝑥 +1
∫
Evaluate 𝑑𝑥
√ 𝑥 +𝑥
2

SOLUTION

𝑥+ 1= 𝐴 ( 2 𝑥 +1 ) + 𝐵
Comparing coefficients of and const.
1 1
⇒ 𝐴= 𝐵, =
2 2

𝑥 +1 1 2 𝑥 +1 +1 1
∫ 2 ∫
𝑑𝑥=¿ 𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√ 𝑥 +𝑥 2 √ 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 √ 𝑥 + 𝑥
2 2

𝐼1 𝐼2
 𝑥 +1 1 2 𝑥 +1 +1 1
∫ 2 ∫
𝑑𝑥=¿ 𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√ 𝑥 +𝑥 2 √ 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 √ 𝑥 + 𝑥
2 2

𝐼1 𝐼2
1 𝑑𝑡 Let
¿ ∫
2 √𝑡 ⇒(2 𝑥+1)𝑑𝑥 =𝑑𝑡

¿ √ 𝑥 + 𝑥 +𝑐 1
2
 𝑥 +11 2 𝑥 +1 +1 1
∫ 2 ∫
𝑑𝑥=¿ 𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√ 𝑥 +𝑥 2 √ 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 √ 𝑥 + 𝑥
2 2

√ + 𝑥 +𝑐 1
𝐼 1¿=¿ 𝑥 2
𝐼2

1 1 𝑑𝑥
¿ ∫ 𝑑𝑥 ∫ = ln ¿ 𝑥 + √ 𝑥
2
− 𝑎
2
∨¿+ 𝑐 ¿

√(
2 √𝑥 −𝑎
2 2

𝑥+ −
2 )
1 2 1
4
 𝑥 +11 2 𝑥 +1 +1 1
∫ 2 ∫
𝑑𝑥=¿ 𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√ 𝑥 +𝑥 2 √ 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 √ 𝑥 + 𝑥
2 2

√ + 𝑥 +𝑐 1 𝐼 2
𝐼 1¿=¿ 𝑥 2

⇒∫
𝑥+1
√ 𝑥 +𝑥
2
+1
√ 𝑥 2+ 𝑥2
𝑑𝑥=¿ ln
|( 𝑥+
1
2) |
+ √ 𝑥 2+ 𝑥 + 𝑐
Some special Substitutions
:
OR


Put ⇒ 𝑑𝑥= ( 𝛽 −𝛼 ) sin 2 𝜃 𝑑 𝜃

OR


2
Put ⇒ 𝑑𝑥=2 ( 𝛼 − 𝛽 ) sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 𝑑 𝜃

Put OR 𝑥 − 𝛽=𝑡 2⇒ 𝑑𝑥=2𝑡 𝑑𝑡

QUESTION

∫√
Evaluate

SOLUTION
𝑥 −2
3−𝑥
𝑑𝑥

 OR

√
¿∫ sin2 𝜃
2
cos 𝜃
sin2 𝜃𝑑 𝜃 Put ⇒ 𝑑𝑥= ( 𝛽−𝛼 ) sin 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

Let

⇒ 𝑑𝑥=sin 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
 Let

∫√
𝑥 −2
√
¿∫
2
𝑑𝑥 sin 𝜃
sin2 𝜃𝑑 𝜃 ⇒ 𝑑𝑥=sin 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
3−𝑥 2
cos 𝜃

2 2
𝑥=2+sin 𝜃 𝑥=3 − cos 𝜃
2
2
sin 𝜃=𝑥 −2 cos 𝜃=3 − 𝑥
Some Special Substitutions:
Ta k i n g a t e r m c o m m o n a n d c r e a t i n g a f u n c t i o n a n d i t s
d i ff e r e n t i a t i o n
𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑛
𝑥(𝑥 +1)
Take common & put
QUESTION
𝑑𝑥
∫
Evaluate
5
𝑥( 𝑥 +1)
SOLUTION

𝑑𝑥 ¿ ∫ 𝑑𝑥
∫ 5
𝑥( 𝑥 +1) 𝑥
6
( 1
1+ 5
)
Let
𝑥

1 𝑑𝑡
¿− ∫
5 𝑡
QUESTION
cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ ( sin8 𝑥+ sin 𝑥 )
Evaluate

SOLUTION
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
∫ 𝑡( 𝑡7 +1)¿∫ 𝑡 8 ( 1
+1 )
Let
𝑡7
1 𝑑𝑧 Let
¿− 7 ∫ 𝑧
Some Special
Integrals
𝑑𝑥

∫ 1/ 𝑛
𝑥 ( 𝑥 +1 )
𝑛 𝑛
Take common & put
𝑑𝑥
 ∫ (𝑛−1)/ 𝑛
𝑥 ( 𝑥 𝑛 +1 )
2
QUESTION
𝑑𝑥
The integral ∫ 3 /4equals:
𝑥 ( 𝑥 +1 )
2 4
JEE Main
15
( )
1/4
1+ 𝑥 4 4 1/ 4
A +𝑐 B ( 1+ 𝑥 ) +𝑐
𝑥4

( )
4 1/4
4 1 /4 1+ 𝑥
C − ( 1+ 𝑥 ) +𝑐 D −
𝑥
4
+𝑐
SOLUTION

𝑑𝑥
∫ 3 /4
Let
A
𝑥 ( 𝑥 +1 )
2 4
𝑑𝑥
¿∫ B ( 1+ 𝑥 4 )1/ 4 + 𝑐
( )
3 /4
5 1
𝑥 4
+1
𝑥
C
3
𝑡 𝑑𝑡
¿ −∫ 3 D
𝑡
 QUESTION
8 8 6 6
5 𝑥 5 𝑥+7+7 𝑥𝑥
∫𝑓If ( 𝑥 ) =∫ ⅆ𝑥
7 27 2
ⅆ 𝑥 and then the value of is :
( 𝑥 +12
( 𝑥 +1+2
2
+2𝑥𝑥 ) ) JEE Main
1 1 1 1 Jan 19
A − B 2
C −4 D 4
2
QUESTION
5 𝑥 8 +7 𝑥 6
𝑓If ( 𝑥 ) =∫ 7 2
ⅆ𝑥 and then the value of is :
( 𝑥 +1+2 𝑥 )
2
JEE Main
SOLUTION
8 6 Jan 19
5 𝑥 +7 𝑥
∫ 2 7 2
ⅆ 𝑥 taking common
( 𝑥 +1+2 𝑥 )
−6 −8
5 𝑥 +7 𝑥
¿ ∫ −5 −7 2
𝑑𝑥 Let
( 𝑥 +2+ 𝑥 ) −6 −8
⇒ −(5 𝑥 +7 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 =𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡
¿ −∫ 2
𝑡

− 7 −1
¿(𝑥 )
−5
+ 2+ 𝑥 +𝑐
QUESTION
5 𝑥 8 +7 𝑥 6
𝑓If ( 𝑥 ) =∫ 7 2
ⅆ𝑥 and then the value of is :
( 𝑥 +1+2 𝑥 )
2
JEE Main
SOLUTION
Jan 19
−7 −1
¿(𝑥 )
−5
+ 2+ 𝑥 +𝑐

As
 QUESTION

∫ √
If
1 − 𝑥 2
2 𝑚
ⅆ 𝑥= 𝐴 ( 𝑥 ) ( √ 1 − 𝑥 ) +𝐶
for a suitable chosen integer and a
4
𝑥
function , where is a constant of integration , then equals : JEE Main
Jan 19
A B C D
 SOLUTION

√ 1 − 𝑥 ⅆ 𝑥= 𝐴 ( 𝑥 ) ( √ 1 − 𝑥 2) 𝑚 +𝐶
2

𝑥
4 A

taking common: Let B

∫ √ 1
𝑥
𝑥
2
−1
3
𝑑𝑥
C

D
 SOLUTION

√ 1 − 𝑥 ⅆ 𝑥= 𝐴 ( 𝑥 ) ( √ 1 − 𝑥 2) 𝑚 +𝐶
2

𝑥
4 A

taking common: B

∫ √ 1
𝑥
𝑥
2
−1
3
𝑑𝑥
C

D
 𝐝𝐱
Q .∫
𝐱 ( 𝐱 + √𝟏+ 𝐱
𝟐 𝟐
)
 𝐱 −𝟏 𝐝𝐱
Q .∫ 𝟐
𝐱 √ 𝟐 𝐱 −𝟐 𝐱 +𝟏
𝟐
 ( 𝐱 𝟒 − 𝟏 ¿ 𝐝𝐱
Q .∫
𝐱𝟐 √ 𝐱𝟒 + 𝐱 𝟐+𝟏
 ( 𝐚 𝐱𝟐 − 𝐛 ¿ 𝐝𝐱
Q .∫
𝐱 √ 𝐜 𝐱 − (𝐚 𝐱 − 𝐛)
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
 ( 𝐱 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛂 +𝟏¿ 𝐝𝐱
Q .∫ 𝟑/ 𝟐
( 𝐱 +𝟐 𝐱 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛂 +𝟏 )
𝟐
Integrati
on of
Irrationa
l
functions
Some special Integrals :

 ,

Let ⇒ 𝑝𝑑𝑥=2 𝑡𝑑𝑡

and express other terms in terms of
QUESTION

Evaluate
SOLUTION

Let
⇒ 𝑑𝑥=2𝑡 𝑑𝑡
Also , ( 𝑥 −2 )( 𝑥+ 2 )=¿
SOLUTION

Let
⇒ 𝑑𝑥=2𝑡 𝑑𝑡
NQ U E S T I O
N
If where is constant √
¿ 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) of2integration,
𝑥 −1+𝑐
then is equal to :
JEE Main
1 Jan 19
A 3 ( 𝑥+1) B C D
N
SOLUTION

¿ 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) √ 2 𝑥 −1+𝑐 Let
⇒ 2 𝑑𝑥=2 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 A
Also ,
B

So ,
Some special
Integrals :


Let

and express other terms in terms of .

Let

and express other terms in terms of .

QUESTION

Evaluate
SOLUTION

1
Let ⇒ 𝑑𝑥=− 𝑑𝑡
𝑡2
Also ,
SOLUTION

1
Let ⇒ 𝑑𝑥=− 𝑑𝑡
𝑡2
QUESTION

Evaluate

SOLUTION
Let Let
⇒ 2𝑡 𝑑𝑡=𝑝𝑑𝑝

−1
¿ − tan 𝑝 +𝑐
m+n=2 model
QUESTION
𝑑𝑥
∫
The integral 8 6 is a constant of integration)
( 𝑥+ 4 ) ( 𝑥 − 3 )
7 7
JEE Main
Jan 20
A B

C D
SOLUTION
𝑑𝑥
∫ 8 6 A
( 𝑥+ 4 ) ( 𝑥 − 3 )
7 7

7𝑡 𝑑𝑡
6 B
¿∫ 8
Let
𝑡 ( 𝑡 +7 )
6 7 7
6
𝑑𝑡 ⇒ 𝑑𝑥=7 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 C
¿ 7∫ 8
( 𝑡 +7 )7 7 Let D

𝑑𝑡
¿ 7∫
( )
8
8 7
𝑡 7
+1 7
𝑡
6
𝑧 𝑑𝑧
¿ −∫ 8
𝑧
CASE-i :Type - TRIGONOMETRIC Integrals
4

(1) If or or both are odd then put it which one have even power.
(2) : If and both even then used formulae
(3) If , put & convert each term in .
Q . ∫ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱𝐝𝐱
𝟒
Q . ∫ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱 . 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱 𝐝𝐱
𝟒 𝟑
Q . ∫ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱 . 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱 𝐝𝐱
𝟑 𝟑
Q . ∫ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱 . 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱 𝐝𝐱
𝟐 𝟐
 MISCELLENUOUS
CASES
CASE – 1 :IRRATIONAL FUCTION
Case - II : Irrational function :

 If is linear then put

 If is quadratic & linear then put
 If & both quadratic then put
 𝐝𝐱
Q .∫
( 𝟐 𝐱 +𝟏¿. √ 𝟒 𝐱 +𝟑
 𝐝𝐱
Q .∫
( 𝐱 +𝟏¿. √ 𝟏+ 𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟐
 𝐝𝐱
Q .∫ 𝟐
( 𝐱 +𝟐¿. √ 𝐱 +𝟑
𝟐
 MISCELLENUOUS
CASES
CASE – 2 : SPECIAL CASE
Thank
You
Re d u c t i o n
Integrals
Re d u c t i o n I n t e g r a l s

To reduce integral into similar integrals of order less than or greater than
the given integral , thus simplifying the integral until it can be evaluated.

 Apply integration by parts

Trigonometric Reduce

Non - trigonometric Reduce ( generally )

 Re d u c t i o n
Fo rm u l a e
( Tr i g o n o m e t r i c )
 Re d u c t i o n F o r m u l a e ( Tr i g o n o m e t r i c )

∫ sin

𝑛
𝑥𝑑𝑥 ,𝑛≥ 2
𝑛 ∫ ¿ ∫ sin𝐼𝑥sin𝐷 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑛
Let : 𝐼 = sin 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑛−1

∫ 𝑛−2𝑛−2 2
¿ − cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 + ( 𝑛 −1 ) sin 𝑥cos 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑛−1

∫ 𝑛−2
¿ − cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 +( 𝑛− 1)sin 𝑥(1−sin ¿ ¿2𝑥)𝑑𝑥¿
𝑛−1

¿ − cos 𝑥 sin
∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 ∫ sin 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑥 +( sin
𝑛 −1
𝑛− 1) − (𝑛 − 1)
𝑛
 Reduction Formulae
(Trigonometric)
∫ sin

𝑛
𝑥𝑑𝑥 ,𝑛≥ 2

− cos 𝑥 sin
𝑛 −1
𝑥 ( 𝑛 −1 )
𝐼 𝑛= + 𝐼𝑛 − 2
𝑛 𝑛
 Reduction Formulae
(Trigonometric)
∫ sin

𝑛
𝑥𝑑𝑥 ,𝑛≥ 2
− cos 𝑥 sin
𝑛 −1
𝑥 ( 𝑛 −1 )
𝐼 𝑛= + 𝐼𝑛 − 2
𝑛 𝑛

𝐼 𝑛=∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ,𝑛≥2


𝑛

sin 𝑥 cos
𝑛− 1
𝑥 ( 𝑛 −1 )
𝐼 𝑛= + 𝐼 𝑛−2
𝑛 𝑛
 QUESTION

∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Evaluate:
3

SOLUTION

−cos 𝑥 sin𝑛− 1 𝑥 ( 𝑛− 1 )
𝑛=∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥=
𝑛
+ 𝐼 𝑛−2
𝑛 𝑛
Put
2
− cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 2
𝐼 3= + 𝐼1
3 3

𝐼 1=∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥=−cos 𝑥+𝑐

∫ 3 2
−cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 2
sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥=¿ 3
− cos 𝑥 +𝑐
3
Reduction Formulae
(Trigonometric)
∫ tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ,𝑛≥2

𝑛

𝐼 =∫ tan 𝑥𝑑𝑥¿∫ tan 𝑥tan 𝑥𝑑𝑥

𝑛 2 𝑛−2
Let : Let
𝑛
¿ ∫ (sec 𝑥−1)tan 𝑥𝑑𝑥
2 𝑛−2 2
⇒ sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =𝑑𝑡

¿∫ sec 𝑥tan 𝑥𝑑𝑥−∫ tan 𝑥𝑑𝑥

2 𝑛−2 𝑛−2

¿∫ sec 𝑥tan 𝑥𝑑𝑥−𝐼

2 𝑛−2
𝑛−2
¿ ∫ 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 −𝐼
𝑛−2
𝑛−2
Reduction Formulae
(Trigonometric)
∫ tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ,𝑛≥2

𝑛

𝑛−1
tan 𝑥
⇒ 𝐼 𝑛 + 𝐼 𝑛− 2=
𝑛 −1

𝐼 𝑛=∫ cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ,𝑛≥2


𝑛

𝑛− 1
cot 𝑥
𝐼 𝑛 + 𝐼 𝑛−2 =−
𝑛− 1
 𝐼 𝑛=∫ tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥,(𝑛>1). If , where is constant of integration , then
QUESTION
𝑛
Let
the ordered pair is equal to :
JEE Main

A B C D 17

SOLUTION

Put
5
tan 𝑥
𝐼 6+ 𝐼 4=
5
5 5
𝐼 4 + 𝐼 6 =𝑎 tan 𝑥+ 𝑏 𝑥 +𝑐

𝑏=0
Reduction Formulae
(Trigonometric)
∫ sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥,𝑛≥2
 𝑛

𝐼 𝑛=∫ sec 𝑥𝑑𝑥¿∫ sec 𝑥sec 𝑥𝑑𝑥

𝑛 2 𝑛−2
Let :
𝐼 𝐷

∫ tan 𝑥sec 𝑛−3

𝑥sec𝑥tan 𝑥𝑑𝑥
¿ tan 𝑥 sec
𝑛−2
∫𝑛(sec 𝑥−1)sec 𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑛−2
2
𝑥 −( 𝑛− 2)
𝑛−2

∫ sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥+(𝑛−2)∫ sec 𝑥𝑑𝑥

Reduction Formulae
(Trigonometric)
∫ sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥,𝑛≥2

𝑛

(𝑛 −1) 𝐼 𝑛 =tan 𝑥 sec 𝑛 −2 𝑥 +( 𝑛− 2) 𝐼 𝑛 −2

𝑛 −2
tan 𝑥 sec 𝑥 𝑛− 2
𝐼 𝑛= + 𝐼 𝑛 −2
𝑛 −1 𝑛 −1
Reduction Formulae
(Trigonometric)
∫ sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥,𝑛≥2

𝑛
𝑛 −2
tan 𝑥 sec 𝑥 𝑛− 2
𝐼 𝑛= + 𝐼 𝑛 −2
𝑛 −1 𝑛 −1

∫ cosec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ,𝑛≥2

𝑛

𝑛− 2
cot 𝑥 cosec 𝑥 𝑛 −2
𝐼 𝑛=− + 𝐼𝑛− 2
𝑛−1 𝑛 −1
 QUESTION

∫ sec
Evaluate :
3
𝑥 𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION

Put ,
tan 𝑥 sec 𝑥 1
𝐼 3= + 𝐼1
2 2

1=∫ sec𝑥 𝑑𝑥=ln ⁡∨ sec𝑥+tan𝑥∨⁡+𝑐

∫ sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥=¿
3
Re c u rr i n g M o d e l

E X A M P L E

Let
𝐼 𝐷

¿ sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥
¿ sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥
⇒ 𝑈¿ sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥
⇒ 𝑈¿ sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥−𝑈
+ln ¿ sec 𝑥+tan 𝑥∨¿ ¿
⇒𝑈
 Re d u c t i o n
Fo rm u l a e
( Tr i g o n o m e t r i c )
R e d u c t i o n F o r m u l a e ( Tr i g o n o m e t r i c )

∫ sin

𝑚 𝑛
𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ,𝑛≥2
𝐼 𝑚,𝑛=∫ sin 𝑥cos 𝑥𝑑𝑥
¿ ∫ sin 𝑥sin𝑥cos
𝑚 𝑛 𝑚−1 𝑛
Let
𝐼
𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐷
cos 𝑛 +1
𝑥 sin 𝑚 −1
𝑥+𝑚 − 1
¿−
𝑛+1 𝑛+1
∫ sin
𝑚 −2
𝑥 cos

cos 𝑛 +1 𝑥 sin 𝑚 −1 𝑥+𝑚 −1

¿−
𝑛+1 𝑛+1
∫ sin 𝑚−2 𝑛
𝑥 cos 𝑥 (1 −sin¿ ¿ 2 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 ¿
Re d u c t i o n Fo r m u l a e ( Tr i g o n o m e t r i c )

∫ sin

𝑚 𝑛
𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ,𝑛≥2
𝐼 𝑚,𝑛=∫ sin 𝑥cos 𝑥𝑑𝑥
¿ ∫ sin 𝑥sin𝑥cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Let
𝑚 𝑛 𝑚−1 𝑛
cos 𝑛 +1 𝑥 sin 𝑚 −1 𝑥+𝑚 −1
¿−
𝑛+1 𝑛+1
∫ sin 𝑚−2 𝑛
𝑥 cos 𝑥 (1 −sin¿ ¿ 2 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 ¿
𝑛 +1
cos 𝑥 sin 𝑚 −1
𝑥+𝑚−1 𝑚 −1
¿−
𝑛+1 𝑛+1
∫ sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 −
𝑚−2 𝑛
𝑑𝑥
𝑛+1
∫ s
𝑥+𝑚 −1 𝐼
𝑛+1 𝑚 −1
cos 𝑥 sin 𝑚 −1
𝐼 𝑚 ,𝑛 =− 𝑚 −2 , −
𝑛 𝐼 𝑚 ,𝑛
𝑛+1 𝑛+1 𝑛+1
Re d u c t i o n Fo r m u l a e ( Tr i g o n o m e t r i c )
𝑥+𝑚 −1 𝐼
𝑛+1 𝑚 −1
cos 𝑥 sin 𝑚 −1
𝐼 𝑚 ,𝑛 =− − 𝐼 𝑚 ,𝑛
𝑛+1 𝑛+1 𝑚−2 , 𝑛 𝑛+1
𝑛 +1 𝑚 −1
𝑚+𝑛 cos 𝑥 sin +𝑚 𝑥 −1
𝐼 𝑚 ,¿𝑛 − 𝐼 𝑚 −2 , 𝑛
𝑛+ 1 𝑛+1 𝑛+1

𝑛+1 𝑚 −1
cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑚 −1
𝐼 𝑚 ,𝑛 =− + 𝐼 𝑚 − 2 ,𝑛
𝑚+𝑛 𝑚 +𝑛
 Re d u c t i o n
Fo r m u l a e
( N o n Tr i g o n o m e t r i c )
R e d u c t i o n F o r m u l a e ( N o n Tr i g o n o m e t r i c )

E X A M P L E Let , express in terms of and hence evaluate

𝐷𝐼

𝑛 𝑥
𝐼 𝑛=𝑥 𝑒 − 𝑛 𝐼 𝑛 − 1 Put
3 𝑥
𝐼 3=𝑥 𝑒 − 3 𝐼 2 Put
2 𝑥
𝐼 2=𝑥 𝑒 −2 𝐼 1
 Re d u c t i o n Fo r m u l a e ( N o n
Tr i g o n o m e t r i c )
E X A M P L E Let , express in terms of and hence evaluate

3 𝑥
𝐼 3=𝑥 𝑒 − 3 𝐼 2
2 𝑥
𝐼 2=𝑥 𝑒 −2 𝐼 1 Put 𝑛 𝑥
𝐼 𝑛=𝑥 𝑒 − 𝑛 𝐼 𝑛 − 1
𝑥
𝐼 1= 𝑥 𝑒 − 𝐼 0

∴ 𝐼 3=¿𝑥 3 𝑒−
− 2 ( 𝑥 𝑒3
𝑥 𝑥
− 𝑒 𝑥 )¿
¿ +𝑐
⇒𝐼 3= 𝑥 3 𝑒 𝑥 − 3 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 + 6 ( 𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 𝑥 ) + 𝑐
Thank
You