Programming for Problem
Solving
UNIT-1 CONTENT
Introduction to Programming (4 lectures)
Introduction to components of a computer system
(disks, memory, processor, where a program is
stored and executed, operating system, compilers
etc.)
Idea of Algorithm: steps to solve logical and
numerical problems. Representation of Algorithm:
Flowchart/Pseudocode with examples. (1 lecture)
From algorithms to programs; source code,
variables (with data types) variables and memory
PROGRAMMING
As we know, to communicate with a person,
we need a specific language, similarly to
communicate with computers, programmers
also need a language is called Programming
language.
Programming is the process of designing and
creating a set of instructions that a computer
can follow to perform specific tasks.
These instructions, written in a programming
language, allow the computer to process data,
make decisions, and produce desired
outcomes.
What is a Programming Language?
A programming language is a computer
language that is used by programmers
(developers) to communicate with
computers.
It is a set of instructions written in any
specific language ( C, C++, Java, Python) to
perform a specific task.
A programming language is mainly used
to develop desktop applications,
websites, and mobile applications
WhatOperating structures
is the need for programming languages?
Web browsers
Mobile apps
Video games
General Software program
Business-related software programs
Steps in Programming
Understand the Problem: Analyze the
task or challenge.
Design an Algorithm: Plan the solution
step by step.
Write the Code: Translate the algorithm
into a programming language.
Test and Debug: Check for errors and fix
them.
Optimize: Make the program more efficient.
Deploy: Make the program available to
users.
Types of programming language
1. Low-level programming language
i. Machine Language
ii. Assembly Language
2. High-level programming language
i. Procedural Oriented programming language
ii. Object-Oriented Programming language
3. Middle-level programming language
Low Level language
A low-level language is a programming
language that works directly with the
computer's hardware.
It is hard for humans to read but very fast
for the computer to run.
High level language
High-level languages are programming
languages that are used for writing
programs or software that can be
understood by humans and computers.
High-level languages are easier to
understand for humans because they use a
lot of symbols letters phrases to represent
logic and instructions in a program
Examples of Some High-Level Languages
Python: Used by programmers for various tasks, such
as web development, data analysis, artificial intelligence
, and scientific computing because it has a very simple
syntax and is easy to learn and understand.
Java: Java is known for its use on multiple platforms, it's
not as easy as Python but it's used in mobile app
development and web applications.
C++: C++ is very popular and widely used because it
has features of both low and high-level languages which
makes it suitable for making complex software such as
game engines, desktop applications, performance
performance-critical applications.
