Module 2
Project Management Knowledge
Areas
Project Management Knowledge Areas
• Effective project management requires planning, communication, and task
management. But do you know all the main project management knowledge
areas and how they work together?
1. Project Integration Management
• It is a collection of processes required to ensure that the various elements of
the projects are properly coordinated.
• Project integration management is the umbrella that covers all other project
management knowledge areas. It knits together individual processes and tasks
into one project with defined goals and deliverables.
• Project integration management is a project management
knowledge area that helps teams work together more
seamlessly. Integration management brings together
various processes, systems, and methodologies to form a
cohesive strategy.
• Project integration management helps by co-ordinating all the
various parts of a project, ensuring different team members
follow one overall plan. It helps to keep the project running
smoothly and efficiently.
• If you’re looking at the big picture and how your project fits into your larger
organization, this is the project management knowledge area you
need. Because this is the broadest area, you may want to save it for last or at
least revisit it at the end of your project plan
Process of project integration
management
• Development of the project charter
• Development of the preliminary scope statement of project
• Project plan development
• Directing and monitoring of project execution
• Project work must be monitored and controlled
• Integrated change control
• Project must be closed when it has been completed
2. Project scope management
• It refers to work that must be done in order to deliver a
product, service, result with specified features and functions
• It has a start and end date- unique characteristics, produces
specific results- life cycle-
• It is a part of project planning
• Project scope management helps you to stay on top of extra
tasks that might be added during the course of the project.
Therefore, it makes dealing with any expected or unexpected
increases in costs or workflow much more manageable.
Process of project scope management
• Initiation-
Input- Product description, strategic plan, project selection criteria,
historical information
Tools and techniques- project selection methods, expert judgement
Output- Project charter, project manager identified, constraints, assumption
• Scope planning-
Input- product description, project charter, constraints, assumption
Tools & Techniques- Product analysis, cost analysis, alternatives
identification, expert judgement
Output: Supporting details, scope management plan
• Scope definition: it involves sub dividing the major project
deliverables into smaller, more manageable components in order to
improve accuracy of cost, time, resources, facilitate responsibility
assignments.
Inputs: scope statement, constraints, assuptions, historical information
Tools & techniques: work breakdown structure, decomposition
• Scope verification
• Scope control
Benefits of Project Scope
Management
• Avoidance of unnecessary work
• Beneficial in planning & controlling the project
• Applicable to public & private organizations & project
• Facilitates productive communications with stakeholders
• Serves as a tool to manage client expectations, work load
balancing & team morale.
• Allows for quantitative analysis
Limitations of Project Scope
Management
• Ambiguous: leads to confusion & unnecessary work
• Incomplete
• Uncollaborative
3. Project time management
• It involves analysing and developing a schedule and timeline
for project completion
• The time management process is required at all phases of the
project life cycle
• Project time management will help you to manage the project within the
deadlines and schedules originally set. With this, you’ll be better able to
ensure the project moves smoothly to completion in a timely manner
Process of project time management
4. Project cost management
• It is a series of activities for estimating, allocating and
controlling costs within the project
• Construction: - cost of materials, equipment's, salary etc- IT-
software development, salary etc.
Process of project cost management
Cost estimation
• Expert judgement
• Analogous estimating
• Parametric estimating
• Bottom up estimating, Three point estimates
• Reserve analysis, software, vendor bid analysis
Budget determination
• Inputs, estimates, scope, project schedule, resource calendar,
• Organizational process assets
• Tools & techniques , outputs
Spending control
• Earned value management: Planned value, earned value, actual
cost
• Additional planning
• Computerized tools
Project Dashboard
5. Project quality management
• Project quality management is the process of continually
measuring the quality of all activities and taking
corrective action until the team achieves the desired
quality
• Quality management processes help to:
• Control the cost of a project
• Establish standards to aim for
• Determine steps to achieve standards
Effective quality management of a project also lowers the risk
of product failure or unsatisfied clients.
Three quality management concepts
• Customer satisfaction
• Prevention over expectation: Cost of quality(COQ)
• Continuous improvement
Characteristics and need of project
quality management
• Customer satisfaction • To meet the expectations of
stakeholders
• Prevention
• Good relationship with
• Management responsibility stakeholders
• Plan do check act • Focus on project
• Kaizen technology requirements
• Marginal analysis • Quality assurance
• Time management
Process of project quality
management
1. Project Quality Planning: it means identifying which quality
standards are relevant to the project & determining how to
satisfy them.
The objective is to define & document how the quality
requirement of a particular project will be met.
2. Project Quality Assurance: it is mainly used for assuring the
quality of project. It is a process that regularly evaluates the
total performance of the project.
Quality assurance plan
Quality audits
3. Project Quality Control: it is the process that includes all the
activities that keeps the project moving towards the goal. It
monitors project deliverables to verify that deliverables are
acceptable quality & customer satisfied.
Advantages PQM
• Increased efficiency
• Increased revenue
• Better employee morale
• Improves supplier relationship
• Effective & structured documentations
• Customer satisfaction
• Improvement of processes
Disadvantages PQM
• Employee resistance
• Increased cost
6. Project resource management
• Refers to set of integrated processes that enable project
managers to determine, obtain, allocate, develop and monitor
resources that are required to successfully complete a
project.
• To proceed with the project, it is very important to clearly
identify and define the type and amount of resources required
• Physical resources, infrastructural
• Right people at right time
Process- PRM
Plan
Estimate
resource Acquire Develop Manage Control
activity
managem resources team Team resources
resources
ent
Benefits of PRM
• Optimum utilization of resources
• Increases revenue
• Helps in resolving internal conflicts
• Avoids unforeseen obstacles
• Enhances employee satisfaction
• Improves employee performance
• Helps in quality training and development
• Better control of budget
• Builds transparency
7. Project communication
management
• It is a systematic planning, implementing, monitoring and
revision of the exchange of information among the project
team and the project stakeholders
• Itis a collection of processes that help make sure the right
messages are sent, received, and understood by the right
people.
Process of PCM
Gather planning inputs
Identify stakeholders
Identify communication methods & WBS
Prepare the communication plan draft
Distribute the communication plan draft
Incorporate changes and finalise the communication
plan
• communication management skills can also increase a
project manager’s chances of success:
Strong active listening skills
Proficient writing skills
Excellent speaking ability
Asking questions and probing for more information
Setting and managing expectations
Motivating people to become and stay engaged
Conflict resolution skills
The ability to summarize and recap what you’ve heard
8. Project Risk Management
• It includes the processes for conducting risk management
planning, identification, analysis, responses and monitoring
and control of the project so that it meets the project
objectives
• The main objective: decrease the probability and impact of
events adverse to projects and increase the probability and
impact of positive events
• Proper PRM implies control of possible future events- be
proactive rather than reactive
• It is a iterative process
Process of PRM
Risk Monitoring &
Control
Risk Response
Planning
Risk Priority
Assessment
of Risk
Risk
Identification
