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Relationship Between Cells and The Extracellular Matrix

The document discusses the relationship between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), highlighting their structure, function, and interactions. It covers the composition of ECM, mechanisms of cell-ECM adhesion, and the role of ECM in signaling and mechanotransduction. Additionally, it addresses the dynamic nature of ECM remodeling, its influence on disease, and the importance of maintaining a healthy ECM-cell relationship for tissue homeostasis.

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drjaheedparwaz
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39 views9 pages

Relationship Between Cells and The Extracellular Matrix

The document discusses the relationship between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), highlighting their structure, function, and interactions. It covers the composition of ECM, mechanisms of cell-ECM adhesion, and the role of ECM in signaling and mechanotransduction. Additionally, it addresses the dynamic nature of ECM remodeling, its influence on disease, and the importance of maintaining a healthy ECM-cell relationship for tissue homeostasis.

Uploaded by

drjaheedparwaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Relationship Between

Cells and the Extracellular


Matrix
Structure, Function, and Cellular Interactions

Presented by: YALAMAKUR JAHEED PARWAZ - XF2208A

by Jaheed Parwaz Yalamakur


Introduction to Cells and ECM
Cell Definition ECM Definition Overview

Basic structural, functional unit of Complex network of proteins and • Cells embedded in ECM
organisms carbohydrates • ECM regulates cell behavior
• Essential cell-ECM
communication
Composition of the
Extracellular Matrix
Structural Proteins Adhesive
•
Glycoproteins
Collagen
• • Fibronectin
Elastin
• Laminin

Proteoglycans
• Heparan sulfate
• Chondroitin sulfate

Supports tissue structure & influences cell function


Cell-ECM Adhesion
Mechanisms
Integrins Cadherins
Transmembrane Mediate cell-cell adhesion
receptors linking ECM to affecting ECM indirectly
cytoskeleton

Focal Adhesions
Clusters of integrins and signaling molecules
Mechanical Interactions and Mechanotransduction
Mechanotransduction
Conversion of mechanical signals to biochemical signals

Effects on Cells
• Gene expression changes
• Shape alteration
• Migration and proliferation
• Differentiation
ECM and Cell Signaling
Biochemical Signaling Examples

• ECM binds integrins and other receptors • Growth factors released during remodeling
• Activates MAPK and PI3K-Akt pathways • ECM stiffness directs stem cell fate
ECM Remodeling by Cells
Dynamic Process 1
Cells modify ECM composition and structure

2 Mechanisms
• Secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)
• New ECM synthesis
Physiological Roles 3
• Tissue repair and development
• Morphogenesis
• Cancer metastasis facilitation
Reciprocal Influence: Cells and ECM
ECM Directs Cells
ECM stiffness modulates cancer
invasiveness
Mutual Regulation
Cells Shape ECM
Dynamic feedback maintaining
Fibroblasts produce collagen tissue homeostasis

1 3
ECM Role in Disease and
Therapeutics
Pathological ECM Clinical Relevance
Changes
Targeting ECM components
• Fibrosis: excess ECM for therapies
deposition
• Cancer: altered ECM
promotes invasion
• Osteoarthritis: ECM
breakdown in cartilage

Conclusion
Healthy ECM-cell relationship ensures tissue homeostasis

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