A Project on

“FIRE ALARM”
By
Miss. Lokhande Ravina Dattatraya
( T. Y. B. sc. Physics)
Guided by
Miss. M. S. Bhujbal
Pvp college, pravaranagar
 Introduction
 Fire alarms are prime necessities in buildings
and architectures, especially in banks, data
centres and gas stations.
 Here we are building one simple fire alarm
system with the help of 555 timer IC, which will
sense the fire and trigger the alarm.
 We have built the circuit using mainly three
components that is, Thermistor, NPN transistor
and 555 Timer IC.
Components
 NE 555 IC
 NPN Transistor BC547
 Thermistor (10k)
 Resistors (1k, 100k, 4.7k)
 Variable resistor(1M)
 Capacitor(10 micro F)
 Buzzer
 Battery (9V)
Circuit diagram
 Circuit Design
 Take blank Bread board and place Timer IC555 on it.
 Make power connections pin 8 of IC555 to VCC, pin 1 of IC555
to GND.
 Short pin6 and pin2 then connect 10 micro Farad capacitor to
Ground.
 Add 100k resistor between pin6 and pin7, 1k resistor between
pin7 and VCC.
 Connect buzzer at output pin3 of IC555.
 Place transistor on breadboard and make emitter to ground.
 Connect collector to 4.7k resistor and then to pin4 of 555
timer IC.
 Working
 When there is no fire, Thermistor temperature is low and it
remains at High resistance (10K ohm). Due to this, Transistor
remains at ON state because there is sufficient voltage across the
base-emitter junction of transistor. When the transistor is ON, pin4
(RESET) is connected to the GND, and IC 555 doesn’t operate.
 Now when there is fire, it start heating of the thermistor and
temperature starts increasing. Increase in thermister temperature
causes resistance to decrease. When resistance decreases, the
voltage at the base of Transistor starts to decrease. When the
voltage becomes less than operating (base-emitter voltage VBE) of
transistor, then transistor become OFF. Hence RESET pin of 555 IC,
gets positive Voltage through R3, and 555 IC starts to work and
buzzer beeps.
 Here the 555 IC has configured in Astable mode so that
alarm (Buzzer) can produce an oscillating sound. In astable
mode, capacitor C charges though resistance R1 and R2,
till 2/3 VCC and discharges through R2 till it reaches to 1/3
VCC.
 During the charging time OUT Pin 3 of 555 IC remains HIGH
and during discharging it remains LOW, that how it
oscillate. We have connected a Buzzer to OUT pin, so that
it produce beep sound, when 555 is High.
 We can control the oscillation frequency of the alarm by
adjusting the value of R2 and capacitor C.
 Advantages
 Fire alarm aware people about the fire which can cause an
Accident.
 Fire alarm prevents a big losses caused by deadly fire.
 Sometimes proves to be life savers.
 This circuit is very easy to create.
 Components used to make fire alarm circuit are not much costly.

limitations
 Very High temperature may damage the circuit.
 The Thermistor sensing part must be set outside of the circuit
board For better sensing.
 Applications
 Fire alarms are prime necessities in modern buildings and
architectures, especially in banks, data centres, gas
stations, Hospitals, Industries, Companies.
 They detects fire in ambiance at very early stage by
sensing heat and raise an alarm which warns people about
the fire and furnish sufficient time to take preventive
measures.
 It not only prevents a big losses caused by deadly fire but
sometimes proves to be life savers.
 Here we are building one Simple fire alarm system with
the help of 555 timer IC, which will sense the fire
( temperature rise in surrounding) and trigger the alarm.
 Conclusion
 Home security is rapidly growing field and there are new
and improved fire alarms popping up every day.
 It has years to come, because security is of prime
importance to one and all.
 Instead of heavy electronic circuitry we can use single
thermistor for detection of fire.
 Without human input we can conveniently monitor fire.
 Using this circuit we can detect fire on a small scale but it
can help in damage control.
 It is easy to maintain.
 Affordable and can be installed any where as we require.
 References
 https://www.techopedia.com/defination/16316/battery
 Principal of Analog electronics (F.Y.BSc) By Dr. Deepa V.
Ramane.
 https://www.resistorguide.com/what-is-a-resistor/
 Digital Electronics by S. S. Salivahan.
 https://circuitdigest.com/electronic-circuits/fire-alarm-project
 https://components101.com/buzzer-pinout-working-datasheet
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/555timerIC
 https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2017/06/introduction-
to-bc547.html 
Thank

You