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3.1 2 Basic Instrument Alisasis

The document outlines the objectives and content of a graduate-level course on modern electronic servicing, focusing on various types of testing and measuring instruments, including analog and digital ohmmeters, voltmeters, and ammeters. It discusses the operation, applications, and precautions associated with each instrument, emphasizing their importance in troubleshooting and diagnosing electrical circuits. The document serves as a comprehensive guide for students to understand the functionality and usage of essential electrical measurement tools.

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Jelly Rose Rellesiva
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4 views

3.1 2 Basic Instrument Alisasis

The document outlines the objectives and content of a graduate-level course on modern electronic servicing, focusing on various types of testing and measuring instruments, including analog and digital ohmmeters, voltmeters, and ammeters. It discusses the operation, applications, and precautions associated with each instrument, emphasizing their importance in troubleshooting and diagnosing electrical circuits. The document serves as a comprehensive guide for students to understand the functionality and usage of essential electrical measurement tools.

Uploaded by

Jelly Rose Rellesiva
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Republic of the Philippines

Sultan Kudarat State University


Graduate School
Access Campus, EJC Montilla,
Tacurong City

LITE 608 – MODERN


ELECTRONIC AND
SERVICING
Presenter:
LOVEN MAE D. ALISASIS, LPT

Professor:
CIRILIO EVANGELISTA, JR.
OBJETIVES:
At the end of the lesson the graduate
students will be able to:

a. know the various types of


research and measuring instruments
b. discuss the operation and
application of each measuring
instruments
BASIC TEST INSTRUMENTS
(ANALOG/DIGITAL)

Basic test instruments are


essential for troubleshooting,
measuring, and diagnosing
electrical and electronic circuits.
They can be broadly categorized
into analog and digital
instruments.
1. Analog Test Instruments
These instruments
display readings using a
moving needle over a scale.
They are typically less
expensive and can show
trends in varying signals.
2. Digital Test Instruments
Digital instruments
provide numerical
readings, offering higher
precision and easier
readability than analog
meters.
Both analog and digital
instruments have their
advantages. Analog meters
are better for detecting
signal fluctuations, while
digital instruments provide
more precise readings and
VARIOUS TYPES OF TESTNG AND
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS:

1.Ohmmeter
An ohmmeter is an instrument used
to measure electrical resistance in
ohms (Ω). It works by applying a small
voltage to a circuit and measuring the
resulting current flow to determine
the resistance.
 Analog Ohmmeter
• Uses a moving-coil meter with a
needle to indicate resistance on a
scale.
• Requires manual zero adjustment
before measurement.
• Best for detecting trends or changes
in resistance.
• Less accurate for very high or very
low resistance values.
 Digital Ohmmeter (Part of a Digital
Multimeter - DMM)
• Provides a digital readout of resistance.
• More precise and easier to read than
analog meters.
• Some models include auto-ranging
features to adjust the measurement
scale automatically.
• Can measure very high resistance
values with high accuracy.
2. DC/AC Voltmeter
A voltmeter is an instrument
used to measure voltage
(potential difference) across
two points in a circuit. It can
measure both Direct Current
(DC) voltage and Alternating
Current (AC) voltage
depending on its type.
 Analog Voltmeter
• Uses a moving-coil meter with a
needle to indicate voltage on a scale.
• Requires manual range selection for
measurement.
• Works using a d'Arsonval
galvanometer for DC and a rectifier
circuit for AC.
• Less precise than digital meters but
useful for detecting trends and
 Digital Voltmeter (DVM)
• Uses an LCD or LED display to show
voltage in numeric form.
• More accurate and easy to read
compared to analog voltmeters.
• Uses an Analog-to-Digital Converter
(ADC) to process signals.
• Commonly found in Digital
Multimeters (DMMs) with auto-
ranging features.
Ammeter
An ammeter is an instrument
used to measure electric
current (in amperes, A) in a
circuit. It is connected in
series with the circuit so that
all the current flows through
it.
 Analog Ammeter
• Uses a moving-coil mechanism with a
needle to indicate current on a scale.
• Works based on electromagnetic
deflection (current produces a magnetic
field that moves the needle).
• Requires manual range selection for
accurate readings.
• Suitable for detecting current variations
but less precise than digital ammeters.
Digital Ammeter (DMM - Digital
Multimeter in Current Mode)
• Displays the current value numerically on
an LCD or LED screen.
• Uses an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)
to measure current.
• Offers higher accuracy and auto-ranging
for different current levels.
• Available in handheld multimeters and
panel-mounted versions for industrial use.
OPERATION AND APPLICATION OF
EACH MEASURING INSTRUMENT

Measuring instruments are


essential tools in electrical and
electronics engineering, used for
testing, troubleshooting, and
analyzing circuits. Below is an
overview of the operation and
applications of key measuring
instruments:
Working Principle of ohmeter
1.The ohmmeter has an internal
battery that supplies a small
voltage.
2.When connected across a resistor
or circuit, it sends a small current
through the component.
3.Based on Ohm’s Law (R = V/I), it
calculates the resistance and
displays the result.
Applications of Ohmmeters
• Checking the resistance of
electrical components.
• Testing circuit continuity.
• Verifying insulation resistance in
cables and motors.
• Identifying faulty resistors or
open circuits.
2. Operation of voltmeter
 Measures the voltage (potential difference) between
two points in a circuit.
 Analog voltmeters use a moving-coil meter, while
digital voltmeters use an ADC (Analog-to-Digital
Converter).
 AC voltmeters use a rectifier to convert AC to DC for
measurement.
Applications:

✅ Measuring DC voltage in batteries, power


supplies, and electronic circuits.
✅ Measuring AC voltage in household wiring,
transformers, and industrial circuits.
✅ Checking voltage drops across components
to diagnose circuit issues.
Precautions:

✅ Never measure voltage in a


circuit beyond the meter’s rating.
✅ Do not touch exposed metal
probes while measuring high
voltage.
✅ For high-voltage AC (mains), use
proper insulation and safety gear.
✅ Turn off the power before
switching meter settings
3. Ammeter (DC/AC)

Operation:
 Connected in series with a circuit to measure electric
current (A).
 Low resistance shunt resistors are used to measure
high currents.
 Clamp meters measure current without breaking the
circuit.
Applications:

✅ Measuring current flow in motors, circuits,


and power systems.
✅ Checking if components like LEDs, transistors,
and fuses are drawing the expected current.
✅ Diagnosing overcurrent or short circuits in
faulty systems.
Precautions:

✅ Never connect an ammeter in parallel


with a circuit—it can cause a short
circuit.
✅ Do not exceed the meter’s current
rating to avoid damage.
✅ For high currents, use a clamp meter
(which measures current without direct
contact).
✅ Always insert the meter with the
correct polarity for DC measurements.

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