MODULE 11:

ELECTROMAGNE
STISM
CHRISTINE T.
MAST-I
CABIG
 Learning
OUTLINE
Introductio Magnetic Fields Magnetic
n to Intensity
Magnetism
 what is
MAGNET?
A material that can
create magnetic
effects by itself.
A material or object
that produces
 TYPES Of
MAGNETS
NATURAL MAGNETS ARTIFICIAL MAGNETS
 CLASSIFICATION Of
MAGNETS
PERMANENT MAGNETS TEMPORARY MAGNETS
Retain their Magnets that cannot
magnetism in the retain their
absence of any magnetism or retain
external magnetic it for a very short
field. time.
Important notes:

All naturally
occurring magnets
are permanent
magnets.
 CHARACTERISTICS of
MAGNET
1. Every magnet has two poles—north and
south. Opposite poles attract, while like poles
repel.
 CHARACTERISTICS of
MAGNET
2. Magnets are dipoles which means it
always have the north pole and the south
pole.
 CHARACTERISTICS of
MAGNET
3. Magnets produce a magnetic field
around them, influencing nearby
magnetic materials and charged particles.

4. Magnets attract ferromagnetic

materials such as iron, cobalt, and nickel.
 CHARACTERISTICS of
MAGNET
4. Permanent magnets maintain their
magnetism, while temporary magnets
lose their magnetism once the external
field is removed.
5.Some magnets can be demagnetized or
reversed in polarity through heat or
external magnetic fields.
 CHARACTERISTICS of
MAGNET
6. The shape of a magnet affects its
magnetic field distribution; bar magnets,
ring magnets, and horseshoe magnets
have different field patterns.
 TYPES Of
Quiz Outline
MAGNETIC
MATERIALS
1.PARAMAGNETIC
2.DIAMAGNETIC
3.FERROMAGNETIC
 In a uniform In a uniform In a uniform
magnetic field, magnetic field, magnetic field,
they slowly align they slowly align they quickly align
in perpendicular in parallel in parallel.
direction.
Lose their Lose their magnetism Don’t lose magnetism on
magnetism on on removal of magnet removal of external
magnet or magnetic filed.
removal of magnet or magnetic field.
or magnetic field.
APPLICATIONS of PARAMAGNETIC
MATERIALS:
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Paramagnetic
materials, such as gadolinium compounds, are used as contrast
agents in MRI scans to enhance image quality and provide
better differentiation of tissues.
• Magnetic Sensors: Paramagnetic materials can be used in
magnetic sensors and detectors, helping to measure magnetic
fields in various applications, including navigation and
industrial monitoring.
• Separation Processes: Paramagnetic materials can be used in
processes like magnetic separation, where they help to isolate
specific substances from mixtures, especially in mineral
processing and recycling.
APPLICATIONS of PARAMAGNETIC
MATERIALS:
• Catalysts: Some paramagnetic materials serve as catalysts in
chemical reactions, particularly in organometallic chemistry,
where they can facilitate reactions due to their magnetic
properties.
• Data Storage: Paramagnetic materials may play a role in
advanced data storage technologies, such as in magnetic recording
media, where their magnetic properties can be utilized for
information storage.
• Research and Development: In materials science and physics,
paramagnetic materials are studied to understand their electronic
structure and magnetic properties, contributing to the development
of new materials and technologies.
 APPLICATIONS of DIAMAGNETIC
• Magnetic Levitation: MATERIALS:
Diamagnetic materials can be used in magnetic
levitation systems. For instance, a strong magnet can levitate
diamagnetic materials like bismuth or graphite, allowing for frictionless
movement.
• Magnetic Shielding: Diamagnetic materials can help shield sensitive
electronic equipment from external magnetic fields, providing
protection for devices like MRI machines and sensitive measuring
instruments.`
• MRI Technology: In Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), diamagnetic
materials are sometimes used in the construction of devices and
shielding to ensure accurate imaging by minimizing interference from
external magnetic fields.
 APPLICATIONS of DIAMAGNETIC
MATERIALS:
• Research and Experimental Physics: Diamagnetic materials are
used in experiments that study magnetic properties and behavior,
particularly in quantum mechanics and superconductivity
research.
• Sensitive Measurement Instruments: Instruments that measure
magnetic fields, such as fluxgate magnetometers, may utilize
diamagnetic materials to enhance sensitivity and accuracy.
• Diamagnetic Refrigeration: This emerging technology uses the
principle of diamagnetism for cooling applications, offering an
environmentally friendly alternative to traditional refrigeration
methods.
 APPLICATIONS of FERROMAGNETIC
MATERIALS:
• Permanent Magnets: Used in everyday items like
refrigerator magnets, magnetic toys, and industrial
magnets for lifting heavy objects.
• Electric Motors: Ferromagnetic materials are critical in
electric motors and generators, where they enhance
efficiency by creating strong magnetic fields.
• Transformers: Used in electrical transformers to transfer
energy between circuits, ferromagnetic materials help
improve the efficiency of electromagnetic induction.
 APPLICATIONS of FERROMAGNETIC
MATERIALS:
• Magnetic Storage Media: Hard drives and magnetic tapes
rely on ferromagnetic materials to store data by aligning
magnetic domains to represent binary information.
• Magnetic Sensors: Found in various devices, including
compasses and automotive applications, ferromagnetic
materials help detect and measure magnetic fields.
• Electromagnets: Widely used in applications such as
magnetic cranes, relays, and magnetic locks, where strong
magnetic fields are needed on demand.
MAGNE
TIC
FIELD
what is a Magnetic field?
A magnetic field is a region in space where a
magnet or ferromagnetic material will
experience a force and it a vector quantity.
The direction of magnetic field outside the
magnet is from N to S.
 What will probably happen to the nail and
the magnet?
Why do nail attached/attract to the magnet?
Force of attraction
Is magnetic force a contact
force?
Why or why not?
DIFFERENT MAGNETIC FIELD
PATTERNS of MAGNET
MAGNET
IC FIELD
of the
earth
 MAGNETIC FIELD of the
earth
The Earth's magnetic field, often referred to as the
geomagnetic field, is a protective shield generated by the
movement of molten iron and other metals in its outer
core. This field extends into space, creating the
magnetosphere, which deflects solar winds and protects
the planet from harmful cosmic radiation.
 MAGNETIC FIELD of the
Key features include: earth
• Magnetic Poles: The Earth's magnetic north and south
poles differ from the geographic poles, with the
magnetic poles constantly shifting due to changes in
the molten core.
• Field Lines: The field lines emerge near the magnetic
south pole, curve around the Earth, and re-enter at the
magnetic north pole, forming closed loops.
 MAGNETIC FIELD of the
earth
Key features include:
• Navigation: The magnetic field is essential for
navigation; compasses align with it, helping
travelers determine direction.
• Auroras: Charged particles from the solar wind
interact with the magnetic field, creating
spectacular auroras near the polar regions.
THANK YOU 
 Check your
understanding:
Answer the following: (5 points each)
1. Describe the fundamental properties of
magnets and how they interact with each other.
2. What happens when two magnets are brought
together? Describe the interactions of like and
unlike poles.
3. How does distance affect the strength of a
magnetic field?