Kesha danta nakha sharir

By
Dr Bhavya Rathava
• निरुक्ति/व्युत्पनि
• पर्याय
• Names of the hair based on its location
• केश उत्पत्ति & पोषणतत्र
• स्वभाव
• केश सङ्ख्या
• पाञ्चभौतिक स्वरूप
• केश वर्ण
• केश – मल –उपधातु
• Importance of examination of kesa as a diagnostic tool
 केश शारीर
निरुक्ति/व्युत्पनि

केश मस्तके शेते|(शब्धकल्पध्रुम)

• The structure which is located in the mastaka is called as keśa.

 पर्याय
• चिकुरः कुन्तलो वालः कचः केशः शिरोरुहः।(अ. को.
2/6/९५)
• Chikura(growing like tree,hill,)
• kuntala (yava),
• vāla,
• Kaca (to bind and shine)
• Shiroruha(lies on head)
Names of the hair based on its location
लोम शरीरस्य केशः | (श.क.द्रु)

• Hairs growing on body is known as roma, loma, romarāji.

• Hairs growing on face is known as smaśru, māsurī.
• Hairs on the eyelid is known as pakṣma.
• Hairs on the eyebrow is known as bhru.
केश उत्पत्ति & पोषणतत्र
आहारप्रसादाख्यो रसः किट्टंचा मलाख्यमभिनिर्वर्तते|
किट्टात्स्वेदमूत्रपुरीष
वातपित्तश्लेश्मणःकर्णाक्षिनासिकास्य
लोमकूप प्रजन्नमलाःकेशश्मश्रुलोम नखादयश्चावयवाः पुष्यन्ति||
(च.सू.28/4)
process of digestion of āhāra,

prasāda kiṭṭa
bhaga bhāga

The nourishment of keśa, śmaśru and loma.

केशलोमास्थ्नो| (च.चि15/19)

• The keśa, loma are formed and nourished from asthi dhatu.

षष्ठे केशरोमनखास्थि स्नाय्वादीनि

अभिव्यक्तानि बलवर्णोपचायश्च| (अ.सं.शा. 2/23)

• Keśa, roma are formed during 6th month of intrauterine life.

स्वभाव
• गर्भस्य केश श्मश्रु लोम अस्थि
नखदन्तसिरास्त्रायुधमनीप्रभृतीनि स्थिराणि
पितृजानि| (सु. शा. 3/33)

• The keśa, Śmaśru, loma are derived from Pitrjabhava.

केश सङ्ख्या
• As per Charaka Samhita the total number of keśa, śmaśru, roma is
29956.
• As per Sushruta Samhita the Tiryak dhamanī are innumerable and
they are connected with the roma kūpa.
• This indicate that the keśa are innumerable.
पाञ्चभौतिक स्वरूप
• तत्र यद्विशेषतः स्थूलं स्थिरं
मूर्तिमद्गुरुखरकठिनमङ्गं नखअस्थिदन्त
मांसचर्मवर्चः केशश्मश्रुलोम कण्डरादि तत् पार्थिव|
(च.शा7/16)

• Keśa, śmaśru, loma, are one among the hard and tough structure which
have the dominance of Prithvi mahābhūta.
केश वर्ण
Normal colour Abnormal colour
केश वर्ण कृष्ण केश भ्रू न स्युः श्वेता न कपिलाः
नेत्रपक्ष्म तारकम्| केशाः श्मश्रूणि वा पुनः|
(अ.सं.शा. 8/38) (च.सू.5/58)

• Normal- colour of hair, • Whitish and brownish

eyebrow, and eye lashes is discolouration of hair is
considered to be black considered to be Abnormal
केश - मल केश– उपधातु
स्यात्किट्ट • According to sharangdhar
केशलोमास्थ्नो| samhita.
(च.चि 15/19) • The keśa are considered as
• Keśa and loma/roma are upadhātu of majja.
considered as mala of asthi.
Importance of examination of kesa as a diagnostic tool
Examination of keśa plays a vital role in
the determination of prakṛti of an
individual

वात प्रकृति
Coarseness in keśa, śmaśru, roma is a
cardinal sign of vāta prakṛti.
अल्परूक्ष
श्मश्रुनखाकेशः| (सु.शा.
4/64)
अल्पाङ्ग दन्तनखरोम|
(अ.सं.शा. 8/10)
Scanty and rough śmaru, keśa are the
signs of vāta prakrti.
 पित्त प्रकृति

क्षिप्र वलीपलित खालित्य

दोषाः| (च.वि. 8/97)

• Untimely greying of hair and

baldness are the signs of pitta prakṛti.
• The keśa and roma of pitta prakṛti
person looks like hair of camel,
brown in colour, scanty and soft in
texture.
कफ प्रकृति

स्थिरकुटिलालिनीलकेशो| (सु.शा. 4/73)

The kapha prakrti will have firm, curly,bee-black,oily hair.

प्रमेह पूर्वरूप

जटिलीभावं केशेषु| (च. नि. 4/47)

• Keśa becomes twisted together in pūrvarūpa of prameha.
Darunaka (Seborrheic Dermatitis)
• Vata and Kapha Doshas with symptoms like
• Kandu (itching on scalp),
• Keshachyuti (falling of hair),
• Swapa(abnormalities of touch sensation on scalp),
• Rookshata (roughness or dryness of the scalp)
Indralupta (Alopecia Totalis And Areata)
Baldness and graying of hairs
• Follicle - tube like organ in the under layer of the dermis and is linked
to the bodys blood supply.
• Root – portion of hair below skin .embedded in follicle
• Shaft – portion of hair above the surface of the skin made up of 3
layers
1. Cuticle – out side coverings of shaft made up of overlapping scales.
2. Cortex- made up of keratin molecules.pigment that gives hair its
color
3. Medulla – row of cells running along the center cortex
दन्त
1. निरुक्ति 13. Prakrut swarup
2. Synonyms 14. विकृत स्वरुप
3. दन्तोत्पत्ती
4. स्वभाव
5. सङ्ख्या
6. पाञ्चभौतिक स्वरूप
7. Classification
8. प्रमाण
9. दन्त वल्कल
10. Importance of examination of danta
as a diagnostic tool
11. दीर्घायु लक्षण
12. प्रमेह पूर्वरूप
 निरुक्ति
• According to Vachaspati Danta is that asthi which is present within
the mouth and is responsible for chewing.

दशनास्तु रुचकानि| (सु.शा. 5/20)

• Daşana are a variety of asthi which are known as Rūcakāsthi.

• The word rūcaka which means very Sharp or large Bright, glow,
shine,Tooth.
 Synonyms
रदना दशना दन्ता रदाः| (अ. को. 2/6/91)
• Radana,- The Act Of Splitting ,To Divide,to Scraching
• Dashana - Biting
• Danta (A Tooth)
• Rada,- Tooth Or Tusk(teeth Of Elephant)
• Adrikataka, - Stone ,-Mountain
• Dvija – two time born
 दन्तोत्पत्ती

• According to Kashyap
The Sonita

deposited in the Danta-ulukhala

during intrauterine life

convert in to danta in the post-natal life.

Uttpati Updhatu

• Asthi Or Majja • Asthi

स्वभाव
गर्भस्य केश श्मश्रु लोमास्थि
नखदन्तसिरास्नायुधमनीप्रभृतीनि स्थिराणि पितृजानि|
(सु. शा. 3/33)

• The danta is considered as the Pitrja avayava.

 सङ्ख्या

दन्ता
द्वात्रिंशत्|
(सु.शा. 5/19)

Danta is 32 in number.
पाञ्चभौतिक स्वरूप

तत्र यद्विशेषतः स्थूलं स्थिरं

मूर्तिमद्गुरुखरकठिनमङ्ग नखअस्थिदन्त मांसचर्मवर्चः
केशश्मश्रुलोम कण्डरादि तत् पार्थिव | (च.शा7/16)

• Danta is one of the hard and tough structure which has the
dominance of Prithvī mahābhūta.
 Classification
• As per Kaşyapa the danta can be classified on three different bases.

1. Based on eruption of danta.

2. Based on location of danta
3. Based on quality and shape.
1. Based on eruption of danta

• According To Kashyap Among 32 Teeth 8 Teeth Which Erupt Only

Once Are Considered As Sakrjjāta Or Svarūdha Danta.

• And Remaining 24 Which Erupt Twice Are Considered As Dwija.

 Vasta

Damstra Damstra
Hānavya

Rāja Danta
2. Based on location of danta
According to kashyap
• The Central Two Are Known As Rāja Danta.
• On Either Side Of These There Lies Vasta, One On Each Side.
• Lateral To Each Vasta There Lies Damstra.
• There Remaining Are Known As Hānavya Which Are Svarūḍha
(Permanent )In Nature.
3.Based on quality and shape

Sămudga,- Decay, They Fall Very Early

Samvrta – Looking Ugly, discoloured And They Remain Dirty

Vivrta - Causing Excessive Salivation, Unable To Close Mouth ,Easily Get

Discoloured And Prone To Get Affected With Diseases.

Dantasampat – The Teeth Which Are Complete, Even, Compact, White,

Unctuous, Smooth, Clean, Disease - Free, Slight Protuberance Of Upper
Row Of Teeth.
 प्रमाण

द्वयङ्गुलानि दशननासापुटभाग कर्णमूल भ्रू

नयनान्तराणि| (सु.सू 35/12)

• The Pramāṇa of danta is two angula.

• The exposed part one angula in length.

• Danta mūla covered by Danta Māmsa is also one angula length.

दन्त वल्कल
दन्तवल्कलानि दन्तत्वचः | (सु. नि 16/33)

• The Covering of danta is known as Danta valkala or Danta twaca, it

can be corelated to enamel.
Importance of examination of danta as a diagnostic tool
Examination of danta plays a
vital role in the determination of
prakṛti of an individual

 वात प्रकृति
• According to charaka
Coarseness in danta is a
cardinal sign of vāta prakṛti.
• According to Astanga
hridaya Person belonging to
vāta prakṛti will have Alpa
danta.
Tarter bild up
दीर्घायु लक्षण
Having mahā daśana (large teeth) is considered as dīrghāyu laksana.
प्रमेह पूर्वरूप
जिह्वादन्तेषु मलोत्पत्ति|| (सु. नि. 6/5)
Development of mala on the danta is one of the pūrvarūpa of prameha.
 Prakrut swaroop

Dantasampat –
पूर्णता समता घनता शुक्लता स्निग्धता
श्लक्ष्णता निर्मलता निरामयता
किञ्चिदुत्तरोन्नतता,
The teeth which are complete, even, compact, white, unctuous, smooth,
clean, disease - free, slight protuberance of upper row of teeth.
-The gums must be even, red coloured, unctuous , compact .
-The roots must be big, compact and stable. covered with lips
 विकृत स्वरुप
(clinical anatomy)
 Sadanta janam - Birth with teeth
 First Eruption Of Upper Teeth
 Viral danta - Eruption Of Scattered Teeth
 Heena danta - Presence Of Less Teeth
 Adhik danta - Supernumerary Teeth
 Vivarna danta - Discolored teeth
 Sphutita danta - Cracked teeth
 Terrible teeth
• Enamel: The hardest, white outer part of the tooth. Enamel is mostly
made of calcium phosphate, a rock-hard mineral.

• Dentin: A layer underlying the enamel. When the enamel is damaged,

heat or cold can enter the tooth through these paths and cause
sensitivity or pain.

• Pulp: living inner structure of teeth. Blood vessels and nerves run
through the pulp of the teeth.

• Cementum: A layer of connective tissue that binds the roots of the

teeth firmly to the gums and jawbone.
• Incisors (8 total): The middlemost four teeth on the upper and lower
jaws.
• Canines (4 total): The pointed teeth just outside the incisors.

• Premolars (8 total): Teeth between the canines and molars.

• Molars (8 total): Flat teeth in the near of the mouth, best at grinding
food.
नख

नखं अङ्गुली कण्टकः| (श. क. द्रु)

Point or thorn of finger called nakha.

Finger nail
Following are the synonyms of nakha –

• पर्यायपुनर्भवः – Reborn
• कररूहः – growing from hand
• नखरः, -shape like claw
• करजः - produced in hand
• पाणिजः, -lies on pani
• पुनर्नवः.- regrowth
 नख उत्पत्ति & पोषण

• As a result of the process of digestion of āhāra,kiṭṭa bhaga is

responsible for the nourishment of nakha.

षष्ठे केशरोमनखास्थि स्नाय्वादीनि

अभिव्यक्तानि बलवर्णोपचायश्च| (अ.सं.शा. 2/23)

• The nakha are formed during 6th month of intrauterine life.

 Samkhya
• सङ्ख्याविंशतिः नखाः| (च.शा. 7/4)
• Nakha are 20 in number.
 स्वभाव

गर्भस्य केश श्मश्रु लोम अस्थि

नखदन्तसिरास्त्रायुधमनीप्रभृतीनि स्थिराणि
पितृजानि| (सु. शा. 3/33)
• The nakha are derived from pitrja bhava.
पाञ्चभौतिक स्वरूपतत्र यद्विशेषतः स्थूलं
स्थिरं मूर्तिमद्गुरुखरकठिनमङ्गं नख.
• Nakha are one among the hard and tough structure which have the
dominance of prithvi mahābhūta
 प्राकृत स्वरूप
स्थिरेन्द्रियत्वङ् नख (अ.सं.शा. 8/38)
तनुनख | (अ.सं.शा. 8/38)
वृत्तस्फिग्ग्रीवनखम् (अ.सं. शा. 8/38)
कूर्माकृतयो नखाः (अ.सं.शा. 8/38)
• The nakha should be stable, thin, circular and resemble the shape of
kima (tortoise)
 नखवर्ण
रक्तालोष्ठनखानेत्रान्तम्] (अ.सं.शा. 8/38)
• The prakṛta varma of nakha is red.
नख मल
कफः पित्तं मलः खेषु स्वेदः स्यात् नखरोम चI
नेत्रविट् त्वक्षु चा स्नेहो धातूनां क्रमशो मलाच (सु. सू. 46 / 529) नखरोम
पुनरस्थ्नो मलः (दल्हण सु. सू. 46 / 529)
Nakha is considered as mala of asthi
Importance of examination of nakha as a diagnostic tool
Examination of nakha plays a vital role in the determination of prakrti of an individual
वात प्रकृति
परुष केशश्मश्रुरोमनखदशन वदन पाणिपादाः (च.वि. 8 / 98)
Coarseness in nakha is a cardinal sign of väta prakrti.
अल्परूक्ष श्मश्रुनखकेशः (सु.शा. 4/64)
अल्पाङ्ग दन्तनखरोम (अ.सं.शा. 8 /10)
Person with vāta prakrti will have alpa (scanty/small) nakha.
पित्त प्रकृति

• पित्त प्रकृतिरुष्ण ताम्रनखनयन (अ.सं.शा. 8/11)

The nakha of person of pitta prakrti will be tamra (copper like) colour.
Evaluation of colour of nakha plays a vital role in diagnosis of various clinical conditions.
e.g-नखनयन शौक्ल्यादिभिः पित्तं (अ.सं. सू. 19/8).
Whitish discolouration of nakha is a sign of pitta kṣaya.
नखादि शौक्ल्यम् (च.चि. 9/14)
In kaphaja unmada nakha will have a whitish decolouration.
हरिद्रत्वक नख आनन (च.चि. 16/35)
In panduroga nakha will have a yellowish decolouration
श्यावदन्तोष्ठ नख पुनरागमनाय | (अ.सं. सू. 11/43)
Blackish discoloration of nakha is considered as a aristha laksana (definite sine of death)
मज्जि हरिद्रनखानेत्रताम्] (अ.सं. सू. 19/20)
Aggravated pitta reaching majja will hosult in yellowish discolouration of nakha