Art Integrated Project on

Non Conventional form of

Energy in the state of
Punjab
By : Sudhanshu Behera Roll. No.
55
Anurag Pradhan Roll. No. 32
Priya Ranjan Sahoo Roll
No. 50
Contents
• Solar Energy
• Wind Energy
• Hydro-Electric
• Bio-Gas
• Conclusion
Introduction
The present energy generating systems in developing
countries depend largely on local resources: wood, straw,
dung for burning, hydraulic power for water wheels and
electric power generation and whatever fossil fuel supplies
are locally available.
Status of Renewable Energy Sources in Punjab was studied
in details in the fields of solar energy, hydro power, bio mass
power plants and biogas technology etc.
Solar Energy
• Solar energy is the most readily available and free source of energy
since prehistoric times. It is estimated that solar energy equivalent
to over 15,000 times the world's annual commercial energy
consumption reaches the earth every year.
• In the state of Punjab Solar energy utilised through two different
routes, as solar thermal route and solar electric (solar photovoltaic)
routes. Solar thermal route uses the sun's heat to produce hot water
or air, cook food, drying materials etc. Solar photovoltaic uses sun's
heat to produce electricity for lighting home and building, running
motors, pumps, electric appliances, and lighting.
Solar water heater
• Most solar water heating systems have two main parts: a
solar collector and a storage tank. The most common
collector is called a flat-plate collector. It consists of a
thin, flat, rectangular box with a transparent cover that
faces the sun, mounted on the roof of building or home.
Small tubes run through the box and carry the fluid -
either water or other fluid, such as an antifreeze solution –
to be heated. The tubes are attached to an absorber plate,
which is painted with special coatings to absorb the heat.
The heat builds up in the collector, which is passed to the
fluid passing through the tubes
Solar cooker
• Solar cooker is a device, which uses
solar energy for cooking, and thus
saving fossil fuels, fuel wood and
electrical energy to a large extent.
However, it can only supplement the
cooking fuel, and not replace it totally.
It is a simple cooking unit, ideal for
domestic cooking during most of the
year except during the monsoon
season, cloudy days and winter months
Wind Energy
• Wind energy is basically harnessing of wind power to produce electricity.
The kinetic energy of the wind is converted to electrical energy. When
solar radiation enters the earth's atmosphere, different regions of the
atmosphere are heated to different degrees because of earth curvature.
This heating is higher at the equator and lowest at the poles. Since air
tends to flow from warmer to cooler regions, this causes what we call
winds, and it is these airflows that are harnessed in windmills and wind
turbines to produce power. Wind power is not a new development as this
power, in the form of traditional windmills -for grinding corn, pumping
water, sailing ships - have been used for centuries. Now wind power is
harnessed to generate electricity in a larger scale with better technology
Wind Energy Technology
• Wind Energy Technology The basic wind energy
conversion device is the wind turbine. Although
various designs and configurations exist, these
turbines are generally grouped into two types:
1. Vertical-axis wind turbines, in which the axis
of rotation is vertical with respect to the ground
(and roughly perpendicular to the wind stream),
2. Horizontal-axis turbines, in which the axis of
rotation is horizontal with respect to the ground
(and roughly parallel to the wind stream.)
Hydro-Energy
• The potential energy of falling water, captured and
converted to mechanical energy by waterwheels, powered
the start of the industrial revolution. Wherever sufficient
head, or change in elevation, could be found, rivers and
streams were dammed and mills were built. Water under
pressure flows through a turbine causing it to spin. The
Turbine is connected to a generator, which produces
electricity. It is highly used in the Anndarpur district in
the state of Punjab.
Hydro-Electric power
It is the largest renewable energy
resource being used for the
generation of the electricity.
Hydropower is generated from the
potential and kinetic energy of water
flowing from a height. The energy
contained in the water is converted
into electricity by using a turbine
coupled to a generator. A number of
small hydro projects are being set up
in the country both on rivers and
canals
Bio-gas
• Biogas is produced from organic wastes.
Biogas is a clean gaseous fuel produced
through anaerobic digestion of cattle ding,
human excreta and a variety of non-woody
biomass wastes. Biogas is obtained by
anaerobic digestion/ fermentation
(fermentation in the absence of air) of
cellulose containing organic materials like
cattle dung, poultry droppings, pig excreta,
human excreta and crop residues, perishable
food products and kitchen wastes etc.
Bio-gas
• It is a renewable energy resource derived from the carbonaceous waste of
various human and natural activities. It is derived from numerous sources,
including the by-products from the wood industry, agricultural crops, raw
material from the forest, household wastes etc. Biomass does not add carbon
dioxide to the atmosphere as it absorbs the same amount of carbon in
growing as it releases when consumed as a fuel. Its advantage is that it can
be used to generate electricity with the same equipment that is now being
used for burning fossil fuels. Biomass is an important source of energy and
the most important fuel used in Punjab after coal, oil and natural gas. Bio-
energy, in the form of biogas, which is derived from biomass, is expected to
become one of the key energy resources for global sustainable development.
 Conclusion
• The present energy generating
systems in Punjab is depend
largely on local resources: Wood,
straw, dung for burning,
hydraulic power for water
wheels and electric power
generation and whatever fossil
fuel supplies are locally
available. Every state in our
country should used these
sources of energy for healthy
Thank you