Scribd
Upload
11 views14 pages

0908 Subqueries

The document explains the concept of subqueries in SQL, detailing how they can be nested within other SQL statements to operate on returned rows. It compares subqueries to joins, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, and provides examples of both methods. Additionally, it covers the use of the IN operator with subqueries and demonstrates how to perform operations like INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE using subqueries.

Uploaded by

aljundagasdas52
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views14 pages

0908 Subqueries

The document explains the concept of subqueries in SQL, detailing how they can be nested within other SQL statements to operate on returned rows. It compares subqueries to joins, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, and provides examples of both methods. Additionally, it covers the use of the IN operator with subqueries and demonstrates how to perform operations like INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE using subqueries.

Uploaded by

aljundagasdas52
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Subqueries

Steve Perry
Email: [email protected]

1
Subqueries

• A Subquery nests a SELECT statement in the WHERE clause of another


SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement
• A Subquery’s Outer SELECT operates on rows returned from the Inner SELECT
• The Inner and Outer SELECT statements may refer to the same table

2
Example - without a Subquery

• Find all the books that have the same price as Straight Talk About Computers

SELECT price
FROM book
WHERE title = 'Straight Talk About Computers';

SELECT title, price


FROM book
WHERE price = 19.99;

3
Example - Using a Subquery

• SELECT title, price


FROM book
WHERE price IN
(SELECT price
FROM book
WHERE title = 'Straight Talk About Computers');

4
Joins vs. Subqueries
• Join
– Advantages: Can return results from all tables
– Disadvantages: May need two statements to get desired results
• Subquery
– Advantages: Can compare aggregates to other values. Can get information in a single
statement
– Disadvantages: Can only return results from the Outer Select statement

5
Example - Two Ways

• SELECT name, lastname, firstname


FROM publisher
JOIN author USING (city);

• SELECT name
FROM publisher
WHERE city IN
(SELECT city FROM author);

6
The IN operator

• In a simple SELECT statement you can avoid specifying many OR’s by using an
IN list
– Instead of…
SELECT lastname, firstname, state
FROM author
WHERE state='TN' or state='KS' or state='MD'
– Do …
SELECT lastname, firstname, state
FROM author
WHERE state IN ('TN', 'KS', 'MD')

7
The IN operator with a Subquery
• Use the ‘IN’ operator when the results of the inner query will have 0, one, or more
values
• Once the inner query returns results, the outer query will make use of them

SELECT lastname, firstname, state


FROM author
WHERE state IN
(SELECT state
FROM author
WHERE state != 'CA') 8
Conceptually...

• Inner Query-

SELECT state
FROM author
WHERE state != 'CA'
• Outer Query-

SELECT name
FROM author
WHERE state IN ('KS', 'TN', 'OR', 'MI', 'IN', 'MD', 'UT');
9
Exercise

• List the author’s name who appear as the third author on a book.

10
Answer

• SELECT lastname, firstname


FROM author
WHERE ssn IN
(SELECT ssn
FROM bookauthor
WHERE author_order = 3);

11
Using Aggregate Functions

• Aggregate Functions always return a single value for a set of rows

• SELECT title, ytd_sales * price, advance


FROM book
WHERE ytd_sales * price >
(SELECT MAX(advance)
FROM book);

12
Insert, Update, and Delete
• UPDATE book
SET price = price * 2
WHERE pub_id IN
(SELECT pub_id
FROM publisher
WHERE name = 'New Age Books');

13
Last Slide

14

You might also like