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Lesson 8 - Electricity

The document discusses electricity concepts, focusing on circuits with a 9V battery and ideal measuring instruments. It emphasizes the importance of understanding emf, potential difference, internal resistance, and lost volts, along with applying Kirchoff’s 2nd law. The document includes exercises for calculating circuit values and analyzing the effects of resistance on voltmeter readings.

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manueljosmy
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12 views12 pages

Lesson 8 - Electricity

The document discusses electricity concepts, focusing on circuits with a 9V battery and ideal measuring instruments. It emphasizes the importance of understanding emf, potential difference, internal resistance, and lost volts, along with applying Kirchoff’s 2nd law. The document includes exercises for calculating circuit values and analyzing the effects of resistance on voltmeter readings.

Uploaded by

manueljosmy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson #7 – Electricity

While you wait…..


A battery of emf 9V with no internal resistance is
used to make the two circuits, A and B, shown.
The voltmeter and ammeter are ideal.

Calculate the values recorded by the voltmeter and


ammeter in each circuit.
Hint: Annotate the circuit and add in any additional
info at the components using your VIR analysis.
Does the placement of the voltmeter throw you off?!
Lesson #7 – Electricity
While you wait…..
A battery of emf 9V with no internal resistance is
used to make the two circuits, A and B, shown.
The voltmeter and ammeter are ideal.

Calculate the values recorded by the voltmeter and


ammeter in each circuit.
Hint: Annotate the circuit and add in any additional
info at the components using your VIR analysis.
Does the placement of the voltmeter throw you off?!
Keywords check
1. Emf

2. Pd

3. Internal resistance

4. Terminal pd

5. Lost volts

6. Load resistor
mf and potential difference recap
Ideal circuit Real circuit
emf = 12 emf = 12
V V

M M
12 V 11.5 V

Emf - energy put in the circuit per coulomb of charge.


Pd - energy taken out of the circuit per coulomb of
charge.

Normally sum of emf = sum of pd (Kirchoff’s 2nd law)

This doesn’t seem to apply in real circuits –


Circuit construction kit
A battery with internal resistance is connected to a resistor.

Current flows in the circuit and energy is transferred.


pd
2
em
pd
f
1

Kirchoff’s 2nd law tells us that:


Emf = pd1 + pd2

We call pd1 the “terminal pd”. This is what a voltmeter will


actually measure in this circuit.
We call pd2 the “lost volts”. This is due to p.d across the internal
resistance
Copy this circuit.
Label:
- emf
- internal resistance
- load resistor
- terminal pd
- lost pd

1. Using your labels, write an equation for Kirchoff’s 2nd law relating the emf
and pd’s.

2. The emf of the battery is 9V. The voltmeter reads 8V and the ammeter
reads 0.5A. Calculate the resistance of the variable resistor and the internal
resistance. (Hint: apply your focussed VIR analysis to find additional info at
each component)
Copy this circuit.
Label:
- emf
- internal resistance
- total load resistance
- terminal pd
- lost pd

The current through the battery is 1A.

1. Calculate the pd between A and B


2. Calculate the internal resistance
Going back to the
first example…

1. The variable resistor is disconnected. There is no resistance in the wire or


ammeter. What do you expect the voltmeter to read? How do you know?

2. What happens to the voltmeter reading as the resistance is increased from


low to a very large resistance? How do you know?

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