Input — Process -
Output
Input is something from the external
environment that is fed into the system.
In an information system, the inputs
may
be raw data "captured" in some way
or
pre-existing data which has been
by an external system.
provided
In either case, the data input is
provided
by an externa/ entity.
P=
Process
The transformation process is the most
important element of a system.
The process accepts the inputs into the system
and performs some type of operation on it
transforms it into some other state. In
which
simplest of terms, the process is at the
the
heart of
any system.
In a computerised information system,
the process is normally the storage,
retrieval and modification of data
which is accomplished by hardware and
Output from the system which is the result
of
processing the input.
Without output, a system has no link back
it's
into external environment.
Output of an information system may be
reports
generated by an information system, or a
picture
on a computer monitor, or even data that
is fed
into another external system.
Data
INPU
"and
T
Your analysis
starts here
The requirements of the Output, more than
anything
else, will determine the requirements of the
System.
Step
s . Read and understand the problem
Identify the outputs
Pick intrinsic variable names that represent the output
s Decide what data (the inputs) is required in
order to
get the required output
Sometimes these mid be given to you,
sometimes not, which means you may need
to invent input.
Once you have the outputs and the inputs
you need to determine how the inputs can be
transformed into the required outputs. This is a
dynamic process which may mean you need to
continually return to the previous steps.
Analysis for CelsiusToFahrenheit
Program:
Input
degrees Celsius
• Process
F = C *9/5 +
32
Output
degrees
Fahrenheit
Problem Statement
A student's final grade for a
course is a weighted average of
two tests, a final exam, and four
projects. Each test is worth
150/o,the final is worth 300/o,and
the projects are worth a total of
40% (10% each). Given a
student's grades for all of these
assignments, calculate the final
score.
Problem Statement
A student's final grade for a
course is a weighted average of
two tests, a final exam, and four
projects. Each test is worth
150/o,the final is worth 300/o,and
the projects are worth a total of
40% (10% each). Given a
student's grades for all of these
assignments, calculate the final
score.
Problem Statement
A student's final grade for a
course is a weighted average of
two tests, a final exam, and four
projects. Each test is worth
150/o,the final is worth 300/o,and
the projects are worth a total of
40% (10% each). Given a
student's grades for all of these
assignments, calculate the final
score.
Problem Statement
A student's final grade for a cOurse is a weighted average oł t O tests, a
final
exam, and four projects. Each test is worth 15%, the final is worth
30%, and
projects arethe
rOrth a total Ot 40% (10o/o each . Given a student s grades tOr
oìì of assignments, calculate the final score.
these
Pocess
C u te F n
S O e FinalScore = (Tesrt +
Test2)
*I /100 + Test3 *
30J100 + (Project I +
Project2 + Project3 +
Project4 40 100
Desi“gn
Exercises
1. Consider a student fi le that contains the following
data fields:
First Name Last Name Course
Would this set of
Grade data be suitable and sufficient to use to test each of the
following programs? Expłain why or why not.
A program that prints a list of SDD students
A program that prints a list of students nearly failing - those with a g ade
is less than 50% A program that prints a list of student on the P incipal s
listprogram that prints a Iist of students from Parramatta
A
• A program that prints a list of female students.
2. Construct an IPO chart for a P rogram that gives an
employee $50
bonus for every 500 items sold in a week.
3.Construct an IPO chart for a program that will output a
student's
grading based on letter grades [A, B, C, D, or F) in five
courses.
are
are
