PROGRAM: B.
Tech (CSE+CCVT)
SEMESTER: IV
COURSE :Cloud Computing Architecture
CREDITS: 03
Prepared by
Dr. Avita Katal
Assistant Professor(SG)
Cloud Software Operations
School of Computer Science
UPES, Dehradun
Avita Katal
Assistant Professor (Senior Grade)
Program Leader-CCVT
Cloud Software Operations Cluster
School of Computer Science
10+ Years of teaching experience
Contact Number: 8171253344
Email Id: [email protected] (preferable mode of communication)
Seating Place: 10th Block- 2nd Floor
LinkedIn Profile: https://in.linkedin.com/in/avita-katal
Google Scholar:
https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=xAGCnscAAAAJ&hl=en
Unit I: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS)
& Software as a Service (SaaS)
Introduction to Infrastructure as a Service delivery model, characteristics of
IaaS, Architecture, examples of IaaS, Applicability of IaaS in the industry,
Comparing ISPs and IaaS, Motivations for renting the infrastructure; IaaS
Case studies; IaaS enabling Technology; Trusted cloud.
Introduction to Platform as a Service delivery model, characteristics of PaaS,
patterns, architecture and examples of PaaS, Applicability of PaaS in the
industry; Integrated Lifecycle Platform; Anchored Lifecycle platform;
Enabling Technologies as a Platform; PaaS – best option or not.
Introduction to Software as a Service delivery model, characteristics of SaaS,
SaaS Origin; Evolvement of SaaS – Salesforce.com’s approach; SaaS
Economics and Ecosystem; Types of SaaS Platforms; Architecture, SaaS –
Providers; Collaboration as a Service; Enabling and Management tools as a
Service; Applicability of SaaS in the industry.
Unit II: CLOUD COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE
Fundamental
Cloud Architectures - Workload Distribution Architecture - Resource
Pooling Architecture - Dynamic Scalability Architecture – Elastic
Resource Capacity Architecture -Service Load Balancing Architecture –
Cloud Bursting Architecture - Elastic Disk Provisioning Architecture –
Redundant Storage Architecture.
Unit III: ADVANCED CLOUD ARCHITECTURES
Hypervisor Clustering Architecture - Load Balanced Virtual Server
Instances Architecture - Non-Disruptive Service Relocation Architecture
- Zero Downtime Architecture - Cloud Balancing Architecture -
Resource Reservation Architecture - Dynamic Failure Detection and
Recovery Architecture - Bare-Metal Provisioning Architecture - Rapid
Provisioning Architecture - Storage Workload Management
Architecture.
Unit IV: Cloud Computing Reference Architecture (CCRA)
Introduction to Cloud computing reference architecture (CCRA),
benefits of CCRA, Architecture overview – The conceptual Reference
Model; Cloud Consumer; Cloud provider; Cloud Auditor; Cloud carrier;
Scope of control between Provider and Consumer; CCRA :
Architectural Components – Service deployment , Service
Orchestration, Cloud Service Management, Security; Cloud Taxonomy.
Unit V: IBM Cloud Computing Reference Architecture (IBM
CCRA)
IBM’s
Cloud Computing Reference Architecture (CCRA 2.0) – Introduction,
roles, Architectural elements; CCRA evolution; Examples of Cloud
Services; versions and application of CCRA for developing clouds.
Text Books
Cloud Computing Architecture (IBM ICE Publication)
Reference Books
Cloud Computing For Dummies (November, 2009), Judith Hurwitz, Robin
Bloor, Marcia Kaufman, Fern Halper
IBM Cloud Computing http://www.ibm.com/cloud-computing/us/en/
Case Studies, multiple vendors at real time pickup.
On completion of this course, the students will be able to
CO1: Discuss the workflows in business functions and service delivery
model.
CO2: Discuss service provisioning, configuration, metering and billing.
CO3: Summarize the cloud delivery models and services.
CO4: Analyse cloud computing reference architecture.
UG
Quizzes/Tests, Assignments (30%)
2 Quizzes + 1 Test +2 Assignments
Quizzes: Before Mid Semester and End Semester
Examination
Test: Towards the end of the syllabus
Assignments: Before Mid Semester and End Semester
Examination
Mid Examination (20%)
End examination (50%)
“With self-discipline, all
things are possible.”
Questions ( Don’t worry!! We are
in this together)
Ques 1: Differentiate between
Multitasking, Multiprogramming and
Multiprocessing?
Ques 2: What is the difference
between Distributed computing and
Parallel Computing?
Ques 3: What is virtualization and
hypervisors?
Ques 4: What are the central ideas to
Cloud Computing?
Questions ( Don’t worry!! We are
in this together)
Ques 5: What is Cloud Computing?
Ques 6: What are different
characteristics of Cloud Computing?
Ques 7: What are different Cloud
Deployment models?
Ques 8: What are different Cloud
Service models?
Virtualization is creation of an alternative to actual version of
something:
virtual memory (more memory than physically available),
virtual time (buffering provides virtual/effective download time that less than the actual time),
Virtual hardware, desktop, disk, appliances, scenes,
Virtual worlds
• In our context it is realizing one or more complete computer systems as
guests on the base machine/operating system,
OR
Virtualization is way to run multiple operating systems and user applications on the same hardware
E.g., run both Windows and Linux on the same laptop
• This offers an excellent conduit for delivering the vastly underutilized
power of the multi-core and other resources such as storage and
devices.
Virtualization technologies have gained renewed interested recently due to the confluence of
several phenomena:
1.Increased performance and computing capacity.
(supercomputers and desktops)
1.Underutilized hardware and software resources.
(administrative or IT automation tasks)
1.Lack of space (server consolidation)
2.Greening initiatives. (carbon footprint for cooling these servers)
3.Rise of administrative costs.
( administration tasks: hardware monitoring, defective hardware
replacement, server set up and updates, server resources monitoring, and backups.)
The technologies of today allow profitable use of
virtualization and make it possible to fully exploit the
advantages that come with it. Such advantages have
always been characteristics of virtualized solutions.
1.Increased security
2.Managed execution
Sharing
Aggregation:
Emulation
Isolation
Performance Tuning
3. Portability
Virtualization techniques actually replace one of the layers
and intercept the calls that are directed toward it.
Therefore, a clear separation between layers simplifies
their implementation, which only requires the emulation
of the interfaces and a proper interaction with the
underlying layer.
Thislayered approach simplifies the development and
implementation of computing systems and simplifies the
implementation of multitasking and the coexistence of
multiple executing environments.
A fundamental element of hardware virtualization is the hypervisor, or virtual machine
manager (VMM).
It recreates a hardware environment in which guest operating systems are
installed.
There are two major types of hypervisor: Type I and Type II
Type I
Type I hypervisors run directly on top of the hardware.
Therefore, they take the place of the operating systems and interact directly with the
ISA interface exposed by the underlying hardware, and they emulate this interface
in order to allow the management of guest operating systems.
This type of hypervisor is also called a Native Virtual Machine/Bare metal since it
runs natively on hardware.
Type II
Hypervisors require the support of an operating system to provide
virtualization services.
This means that they are programs managed by the operating system, which
interact with it through the ABI and emulate the ISA of virtual hardware for
guest operating systems.
This type of hypervisor is also called a hosted virtual machine since it is hosted
within an operating system.
Three main modules
Dispatcher
Allocator
Interpreter
coordinate their activity in order to emulate the
underlying hardware.
The Dispatcher constitutes the entry point of the monitor and
reroutes the instructions issued by the virtual machine instance to
one of the two other modules.
The Allocator is responsible for deciding the system
resources to be provided to the VM: whenever a virtual machine
tries to execute an instruction that results in changing the
machine resources associated with that VM, the allocator is
invoked by the dispatcher.
The interpreter module consists of interpreter routines. These
are executed whenever a virtual machine executes a privileged
instruction: a trap is triggered and the corresponding
routine is executed.
Cloud computing is a paradigm of computing, a new way of thinking about IT
industry but not any specific technology.
Central ideas
Utility Computing
SOA - Service Oriented Architecture
SLA - Service Level Agreement
A. UTILITY COMPUTING
One service provisioning model
Service provider makes computing resources and infrastructure
management available to the customer as needed, and charges them for
specific usage rather than a flat rate.
Like other types of on-demand computing , the utility model seeks to
maximize the efficient use of resources and/or minimize associated
costs.
B. SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE(SOA)
Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is a style of software design where services
are provided to the other components by application components, through
a communication protocol over a network. The basic principles of service-
oriented architecture are independent of vendors, products and technologies.
Services are what you connect together using Web Services. A service is the
endpoint of a connection. Also, a service has some type of underlying computer
system that supports the connection offered such as retrieving a credit card
statement online.
A service is a function that is
well-defined
self-contained
does not depend on the context or state of other services.
B. SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE(SOA)
The technology of Web Services is the most likely connection technology of
service-oriented architectures.
Service consumer at the right sending a service request message to a service
provider at the left. The service provider returns a response message to the service
consumer.
The request and subsequent response connections are defined in some way that is
understandable to both the service consumer and service provider. A service
provider can also be a service consumer.
C. SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENTS
A service-level agreement (SLA) is a contract between a network service provider
and a customer that specifies, usually in measurable terms (QoS), what services the
network service provider will furnish.
Common content in contract:
Performance guarantee metrics
Up-time and down-time ratio
System throughput
Response time
Problem management detail.
Penalties for non-performance.
Documented security capabilities.
Quality of Service (QoS) is a set of technologies for managing network
traffic in a cost effective manner to enhance user experiences for home and
enterprise environments.
Now QoS becomes to a broad term that is used following areas :
Customer care evaluations
Technological evaluations
Customer care evaluations
QoS is usually measured in terms of issues that have a direct impact on the
experience of the customer.
Only issues that produce a negative effect on the goods and services received
by the customer come under scrutiny
Technological evaluations
QoS has to do with the efficient operation of various systems.
This can lead to adjusting procedures or adapting software programs and code to achieve the desired
effect while making a more efficient use of available resources
In 1969, Leonard Kleinrock, one of the chief scientists of the original Advanced
Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), which seeded the Internet, said:
“As of now, computer networks are still in their
infancy, but as they grow up and become
sophisticated, we will probably see the spread of
‘computer utilities’ which, like present electric and
telephone utilities, will service individual homes and
offices across the country.”
Definition from NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)
Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-
demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing
resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that
can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort
or service provider interaction.
This cloud model promotes availability and is composed of five essential
characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models.
Definition from Berkeley
Cloud Computing refers to both the applications delivered as services over the
Internet and the hardware and systems software in the datacenters that provide those
services.
The services themselves have long been referred to as Software as a Service (SaaS),
so we use that term. The datacenter hardware and software is what we will call a
Cloud.
When a Cloud is made available in a pay-as-you-go
manner to the public…… The service being sold is
Utility Computing.
Definition from Buyya
A Cloud is a type of parallel and distributed system consisting of a
collection of interconnected and virtualized computers that are
dynamically provisioned and presented as one or more unified computing
resources based on service-level agreements established through
negotiation between the service provider and consumers.
Cloud computing supports any IT service that can be consumed as a utility
and delivered through a network, most likely the Internet. Such
characterization includes quite different aspects: infrastructure,
development platforms, application and services.
A more useful classification is given according to the administrative domain of a cloud: It
identifies the boundaries within which cloud computing services are implemented, provides
hints on the underlying infrastructure adopted to support such services, and qualifies them. It is
then possible to differentiate four different types of cloud:
Public clouds: The cloud is open to the wider public.
Private clouds: The cloud is implemented within the private premises of an institution and
generally made accessible to the members of the institution or a subset of them.
Hybrid or Heterogeneous clouds: The cloud is a combination of the two previous solutions
and most likely identifies a private cloud that has been augmented with resources or
services hosted in a public cloud.
Community clouds: The cloud is characterized by a multi-administrative domain involving
different deployment models (public, private, and hybrid), and it is specifically designed
to address the needs of a specific industry
