Grade 8 - Science
Introduction to
Science and Its
Processes
What is Science?
Science is a knowledge or a
system of knowledge covering
general truths or the operation
of general laws especially as
obtained and tested through
scientific method.
Nature of Science
1. Empirical
Science relies on empirical evidence,
which is gathered through
observation, experimentation, and
measurement. This evidence forms
the basis for scientific explanations
and theories.
Nature of Science
2. Objective
Scientists strive for objectivity in
their investigations, aiming to
minimize bias and personal beliefs.
They use systematic methods and
peer review to ensure the reliability
and validity of their findings.
Nature of Science
3. Predictive and Explanatory
Science seeks to explain natural
phenomena and make predictions
about future observations or events
based on established theories and
models.
Nature of Science
4. Progressive
Scientific knowledge is
cumulative and evolves over
time through continuous
observation, experimentation,
and revision of theories in light of
new evidence.
Nature of Science
5. Subject to Revision
Scientific knowledge is
provisional and subject to
revision in response to new
evidence or better explanations.
This process contributes to the
dynamic nature of scientific
understanding.
Nature of Science
6. Interdisciplinary
Science often involves collaboration
across different disciplines,
integrating knowledge and methods
from various fields to address
complex questions and challenges.
Importance of Science
1. Understanding the
Natural World
Science helps to understand
how the natural world works
—from the fundamental
forces governing the universe
to the complexities of
ecosystems and the
environment.
National Research Council. (2009). Learning Science in Informal
Environments: People, Places, and Pursuits. National Academies Press.
Importance of Science
2. Critical Thinking and
Problem Solving
It fosters critical thinking skills by
encouraging individuals to analyze
evidence, make observations, and
draw conclusions based on data.
This is crucial for developing
problem-solving abilities applicable
across various disciplines.
National Research Council. (2009). Learning Science in Informal
Environments: People, Places, and Pursuits. National Academies Press.
Importance of Science
3. Technological Literacy
Science education often includes
practical applications and
introduces technology. This helps
individuals to become more
technologically literate, preparing
them for an increasingly digital
world.
National Research Council. (2009). Learning Science in Informal
Environments: People, Places, and Pursuits. National Academies Press.
Importance of Science
4. Career Opportunities
Science education lays the foundation
for potential careers in STEM
(Science, Technology, Engineering,
and Mathematics) fields. Exposure to
scientific concepts early on can spark
interest and encourage individuals to
pursue these fields in the future.
National Research Council. (2009). Learning Science in Informal
Environments: People, Places, and Pursuits. National Academies Press.
Importance of Science
5. Global Understanding
Many of today's global challenges,
such as climate change, require a
scientific understanding. Science
education equips students to engage
with and understand these complex
issues, preparing them to be informed
global citizens.
National Research Council. (2009). Learning Science in Informal
Environments: People, Places, and Pursuits. National Academies Press.
Importance of Science
6. Health and Wellbeing
Basic scientific knowledge, such
as understanding how the body
functions and the importance of
nutrition, contributes to personal
health and well-being.
National Research Council. (2009). Learning Science in Informal
Environments: People, Places, and Pursuits. National Academies Press.
Pure and Applied
Sciences
Pure Science Applied
Science
● Focuses on knowledge ● Practical application
● Theoretical and ● Problem solving oriented
experimental exploration ● Practical solutions and
● Knowledge generation innovations
The Scientific Attitudes
1. Curiosity
Always try to seek, inquire,
and discover.
2. Determination
Be persistent in your
endeavors. Be firm and self-
confident.
The Scientific Attitudes
3. Acceptance of failure
Consider failure as a step
towards success because it
gives you additional
scientific information on
what to avoid. Failure is part
of continuum research.
The Scientific Attitudes
4. Open-mindedness
Open yourself to new ideas.
Do not be one-sided
5. Objectivity
Do not be influenced by
anything but pertinent
physical observations.
The Scientific Attitudes
6. Humility
You should not be arrogant.
7. Skepticism
Do not accept things blindly
without questioning. Develop
the doubting attitude unless
presented with reliable data.
The Scientific Attitudes
8. Patience
Wait calmly for the result of
the investigation since most
scientific studies take time.
Ask a question
The Scientific Method 1 (Identify the
problem)
The scientific method is a Formulate
2
hypothesis
process for experimentation
that is used to explore Perform
3
observations and answer Experiment
questions.
4 Analyze Data
5 Draw Conclusion
Communicate
6
Source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-scientific-method-steps-terms-examples.html Results
