Newborn Care 1
THE SUPERIOR UNIVERSITY
Department Of Nursing
Topic: “NEWBORN CARE”
Subject: Clinical Practicum
Presented to:
Nursing Director: Madam Syeda Sidra Tasneem
Principal: Madam Rubina Jabeen
Course Coordinator: Madam Mahnoor
Presented by: Aoun Muhammad
BSN Generic Final Year
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this presentation, students will be able to learn depth
knowledge and understanding about “NEWBORN CARE”
To introduce new born care
To enlist the types and elements of newborn care.
To discuss the APGAR score and empathy or understanding for newborns
and families
To describe the immediate care of newborn.
To explain the safe and effective use of newborn equipment's
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Introduction
Newborn care refers to the essential practices and interventions that
ensure the health, safety, and well-being of an infant in the first few
weeks of life. This critical period requires careful attention to
hygiene, nutrition, warmth, and bonding. Proper cord care, exclusive
breastfeeding, and monitoring for signs of illness are vital
components of newborn care. Early skin-to-skin contact and timely
immunizations also play a key role in promoting development and
preventing infections. Newborns are highly vulnerable and require
constant supervision and nurturing. Educating parents and caregivers
is essential for safe and effective care. High-quality newborn care
can significantly reduce infant morbidity and mortality rates
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Types Of Newborn Care
Immediate care of newborn
Care of the baby that needs to be given at birth in the
labor room.
Later care of newborn
Care of the baby that needs to be given in the postnatal
ward and after discharge at home.
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Elements Of NewBorn Care
a) Basic preventive care including clean delivery practices
and exclusive breast feeding.
b) Early detection of danger signs.
c) Treatment of problems such as sepsis and birth asphyxia
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APGAR SCORE
Apgar scoring is described by Dr.Virginia Apgar.
It is useful to quantitative assessment of newborn’s
condition at birth especially for the respiratory,
circulatory and neurological status.
Five objective criteria are evaluated at 1 minute and 5
minute, after the newborn body is completely born
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Empathy and Understanding for Newborns
and Families
Active listening
Provide clear gentle communication
Involves family in care
Create a calm environment
Follow-up support
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Safe and Effective Medication & Vaccine
Administration
Verify the orders
Prepare the newborn
Use correct dosage and equipments
Select appropriate route
Monitor for reactions
Provide emotional support
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Continue
Each parameter can have the highest score of two and
the lowest is 0.
The scores of the five parameters are added to determine
the status of the infant.
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Continue
0-3 points:
The baby is serious & in danger and need immediate
resuscitation.
4-6 points:
The baby’s condition is guarded and may need more
extensive clearing of the airway and supplementary oxygen.
7-10 points:
Considered good and in the best possible health.
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Immediate care of Newborn
Wipe mouth and nose of secretion after delivery of the
head with clean sterile gauze pad.
Position- Trendelenburg- Head lower than the body. Side
Lying position- to permit drainage of mucus from the
mouth.
Place a small pillow or rolled towel at the back to
prevent newborn from rolling back to supine position.
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Continue
Gently suctioning with bulb syringe and short catheter
from mouth first then nose to prevent aspiration of fluid
into the lungs.
Deliver the baby onto a warm, clean and dry towel or
cloth and keep on mother's abdomen or chest (between
the breasts).
Wipe both the eyes separately with sterile swab.
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Continue
Clamp and cut the umbilical cord after 1 minute, if baby
breathing well.
Immediately dry the baby with a warm clean towel or
piece of cloth.
Assess the baby's breathing while drying.
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Continue
Leave the baby between the mother's breasts to start
skin-to-skin care for at least an hour.
Cover the baby's head with a cap. Cover the mother and
baby with a warm cloth.
Place an identity label/band on the baby.
Encourage mother to initiate breastfeeding (within half
an hour of birth in normal delivery) & (after 2 hrs. in
LSCS)
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Later NewBorn Care
The steps for newborn care are:
Promoting mother-infant bonding
Establishing feeding (especially breastfeeding)
Teaching the technique of newborn care
Place the baby in skin to skin contact with the mother
which will keep the baby warm.
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Continue…
Early breastfeeding is strongly recommended.
Indications that the baby is ready for feeding include
alertness and vigour, absence of abdominal distention,
good bowel sounds, and normal hunger cry.
The healthy term newborn should be allowed to feed
every 2-5 hours on demand.
The first feeding usually occurs by 2-3 hours of life,
often as early as in the delivery room.
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Continue
Vitamin K (1 mg IM) is given within 2-4 hours after
birth.
BCG vaccine as soon as possible.
Hepatitis vaccine (0.5 ml) is given to all newborns with
birth weight >2000 g.
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Continue
If the mother is HbsAg positive, HBIG( Hepatitis
immunoglobin) is also given but on alternate leg.
If the mother is type O or Rh-negative blood group,
blood grouping and Combs testing of newborn is done.
Rh -ve mother should be given anti-D injection if Rh +ve
baby is delivered.
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Continue
Infants should be positioned supine or lying on the right
side with the dependent arm forward to minimize the risk
of aspiration.
Newborn baby should be nursed in thermo-neutral
environment.
The clothing and bedding should be minimal, only those
needed for an infant’s comfort.
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Continue
Proper hand washing to handle the baby and cord care:
apply 1% chlorhexidine digluconate gel once daily for
days in resource limited countries is important.
However for hospital deliveries or deliveries in
developed countries clean cord care practices are
recommended by WHO.
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Continue
Weight, length, and head circumference should be
measured,
Bathing may be delayed until 6 to 24 hours. More harm
comes from bathing babies in labour room or ward.
It is one of the commonest causes of neonatal
hypothermia.
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Safe and Effective Use of Newborn Care
Equipment
1. Radiant Warmer
🔹Purpose:
Provides immediate warmth to newborns, especially during
resuscitation or procedures.
🔹Safe Use:
Pre-warm the unit before use and Position the baby midline under
the heat source.
Use the servo-control mode and Monitor the baby’s temperature
every 15–30 minutes.
Avoid overheating by adjusting settings
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Conti…
2. Incubator
🔹 Purpose:
Provides a controlled environment (temperature, humidity,
oxygen) for preterm or sick newborns.
🔹 Safe Use:
Set and monitor the temperature and humidity according to the
infant’s gestational age and condition.
Maintain strict hand hygiene before opening ports or touching the
baby.
Check alarms and ensure sensors (skin probes) are securely placed.
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REFERENCES
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2021). Guidelines for perinatal
care (8th ed.). American Academy of Pediatrics and American
College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
Black, B. P., & Hawks, J. H. (2019). Maternal and child health
nursing: Care of the childbearing and childrearing family (8th
ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
Perry, S. E., Hockenberry, M. J., Lowdermilk, D. L., & Wilson, D.
(2018). Maternal child nursing care (6th ed.). Elsevier.
World Health Organization. (2017). Managing complications in
newborns and children: A guide for mid-level health workers.
WHO.
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