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Types of Cohort Study - 2

The document presents an overview of cohort studies, which are analytical observational studies used for hypothesis testing, categorized into prospective and retrospective types. It explains the methodologies of each type, including examples like the Framingham Heart Study and the Bhopal Gas Tragedy. Additionally, it discusses the strength of association in cohort studies through metrics such as Relative Risk, Attributable Risk, and Population Attributable Risk.

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3 views15 pages

Types of Cohort Study - 2

The document presents an overview of cohort studies, which are analytical observational studies used for hypothesis testing, categorized into prospective and retrospective types. It explains the methodologies of each type, including examples like the Framingham Heart Study and the Bhopal Gas Tragedy. Additionally, it discusses the strength of association in cohort studies through metrics such as Relative Risk, Attributable Risk, and Population Attributable Risk.

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keerthanaoptom6
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TYPES OF COHORT STUDY

PRESENTED BY
Ms. RAMYA.G
M.Sc. PUBLIC HEALTH
COHORT STUDY

 Is a type of analytical (observational) study used for 'hypothesis testing’.

 Is known by several synonyms:

-Prospective study
-Forward looking study
-Cause to effect study
-Exposure to outcome study
-Risk factor to disease study
-Incidence study
-Follow up study
TYPES OF COHORT STUDY

 Study groups defined in terms of exposure and followed to determine


frequency of outcome.

1. Prospective Cohort Study


2. Retrospective Cohort Study
PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

 ‘Current Cohort Study’ or ‘Concurrent Cohort Study’: “Looking forward in time”

 Track both groups over time to see:

 Who develops the disease?

 Who stays healthy?


EXAMPLE

1. Framingham Heart Study (Started in 1948)


 In this study, many exposures like obesity, smoking, etc, were studied
during the follow-up of the study participants over successive decades
to find the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. (NHLBI)
2. Doll & Hills prospective study on smoking and lung cancer.
3. Study of oral contraceptives and health by the Royal College
General Practitioners.
RETROPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

‘Historical Cohort Study’ or ‘Non-Concurrent Cohort Study’: “Looking back


in time.”

Researchers use past data (medical records, employment history, etc.) to


assign people into:
 Exposed group (based on past records)
 Non-exposed group
EXAMPLE

 Bhopal Gas Tragedy (1984):

• If a study is started in 2013, we can use records from 1984 to see if people
exposed to methyl isocyanate developed respiratory diseases by 2013.
1. Effect of fetal monitoring on neonatal deaths.
2. PVC exposure and angiosarcoma of liver.
FRAMEWORK OF TYPES OF COHORT STUDY

 Prospective = "Pro" = Forward in time.


 Retro = "Backwards" = Looking at the past data
MIXED COHORT STUDY

 Combined prospective-retrospective cohort study.


 Both exposure as well as outcome have occurred when the study has begun.
 Combined (Mixed) Cohort Study: Use past records + follow up into
future.

EXAMPLE
 Court-Brown & Doll study (1957) on effects of radiation therapy.
STRENGTH OF ASSOCIATION IN COHORT STUDY

 Relative Risk (RR)


 Attributable Risk (AR)
 Population attributable Risk (PAR)
RELATIVE RISK (RR)

Incidence of disease among exposed


RR =
Incidence of disease among non- exposed
ATTRIBUTABLE RISK (AR)

Incidence of disease rate among exposed – Incidence of


disease rate among non- exposed
AR = *100
Incidence rate of among exposed
POPULATION ATTRIBUTABLE RISK (PAR)

Incidence among total – Incidence among non-exposed


PAR = *100
Incidence among total
REFERENCE

1. C1B2-final merged.pdf
2. Review of Preventive & Social Medicine -- Jain Vivek -- 8 Edition.pdf
3. Park's_Textbook_of_Preventive_and_Social_Medicine_K_Park_27_Edison.pdf
THANK YOU

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