TEST TIME ON CLASS AND OBJECTS
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OPERATORS
Arithmetic
o These are the operators used to perform arithmetic/mathematical operations on
operands. Examples: (+, -, *, /, %,++,--)
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a=9,b=4,c;
c=a+b;
System.out.println("a+b"+" "+"="+" "+c);
c=a-b;
System.out.println("a-b"+" "+"="+" "+c);
c=a*b;
System.out.println("a*b"+" "+"="+" "+c);
c=a/b;
System.out.println("a/b"+" "+"="+" "+c);
c=a%b;
System.out.println("a%b"+" "+"="+" "+c);
}
}
Arithmetic
o The operators +, - and * computes addition, subtraction and
multiplication respectively as you might have expected
o In normal calculation, 9/4 = 2.25
o However, the output is 2 in the program
o It is because both variables a and b are integers
o Hence, the output is also an integer
o The compiler neglects the term after decimal point and shows answer
2 instead of 2.25
o The modulo operator % computes the remainder. When a = 9 is
divided by b = 4, the remainder is 1
o The % operator can only be used with integers
Increment and Decrement
o Java programming has two operators increment ++ and decrement --
to change the value of an operand (constant or variable) by 1.
Increment ++ increases the value by 1 whereas decrement --
decreases the value by 1. These two operators are unary operators,
meaning they only operate on a single operand
Example :
suppose, a = 5 then,
o ++a; //a becomes 6
o a++; //a becomes 7
o --a; //a becomes 6
o a--; //a becomes 5
Increment and Decrement
o 5 is displayed then, var is increased to 6
o Initially, var = 6. It is increased to 7 then, it is displayed
class Main {
public static void main(String[]
args) {
int a =5;
System.out.println(a++);
System.out.println(++a);
}
}
Assignment
o An assignment operator is used for assigning a value to a variable. The
most common assignment operator is =
Operator Example Same as
= a = b a = b
+= a += b a = a+b
-= a -= b a = a-b
*= a *= b a = a*b
/= a /= b a = a/b
%= a %= b a = a%b
Assignment
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 5, c;
c = a;
System.out.println("c"+" "+"="+" "+c);
c += a;
System.out.println("c"+" "+"="+" "+c);
c -= a;
System.out.println("c"+" "+"="+" "+c);
c *= a;
System.out.println("c"+" "+"="+" "+c);
c /= a;
System.out.println("c"+" "+"="+" "+c);
c %= a;
System.out.println("c"+" "+"="+" "+c);
}
}
Relational
o Relational operators are used for comparison of the values of two
operands. For example: checking if one operand is equal to the other
operand or not, an operand is greater than the other operand or not
etc. Some of the relational operators are (==, > , = , <= )
o A relational operator checks the relationship between two operands. If
the relation is true, it returns 1; if the relation is false, it returns value
0. Relational operators are used in decision making and loops
Relational
Operator Meaning of Example
Operator
== Equal to 5 == 3 returns 0
> Greater than 5 > 3 returns 1
< Less than 5 < 3 returns 0
!= Not equal to 5 != 3 returns 1
>= Greater than or equal 5 >= 3 returns 1
to
<= Less than or equal to 5 <= 3 return 0
Relational
class Main { else
public static void main(String[] System.out.println("a is less
args) { than");
int a=10, b=4; if (a < b)
if (a > b) System.out.println("a is less
System.out.println("a is greater than");
than"); else
else System.out.println("a is
System.out.println("a is less greater than or equal to");
than or equal to"); if (a <= b)
if (a >= b) System.out.println("a is
System.out.println("a is greater lesser than or equal to");
than or equal to"); else
System.out.println("a is
greater than");
Relational
if (a == b)
System.out.println ("a is equal to ");
else
System.out.println("a and b are not
equal");
if (a != b)
System.out.println("a is not equal to ");
else System.out.println("a is equal ");
}
}
Logical
o An expression containing logical operator returns either 0 or 1
depending upon whether expression results true or false. Logical
operators are commonly used in decision making in Java programming
Operator Meaning of Operator Example
&& Logical AND. True only if If c = 5 and d =
all operands are true 2 then,
expression ((c
== 5) && (d >
5)) equals to 0
|| Logical OR. True only if If c = 5 and d =
either one operand is 2 then,
true expression ((c
== 5) || (d > 5))
equals to 1
! Logical NOT. True only if If c = 5 then,
Logical
class Main { if((a == b) && (c < b))
public static void main(String[] {
args) { result=1;
int a = 5, b = 5, c = 10, result; System.out.println("(a == b) && (c <
if ((a == b) && (c > b)) b) equals to"+" "+ result);
{ }
result=1; else
System.out.println("(a == b) && (c > {
b) equals to "+result); result=0;
} System.out.println("(a == b) && (c >
else b) equals to"+" "+ result);
{ }
result=0; if ((a == b) || (c < b))
System.out.println("(a == b) && (c > {
b) equals to"+" "+ result); result=1;
} System.out.println("(a == b) || (c <
b) equals to "+" "+ result);
}
Logical
else else
{ {
result=0; result=0;
System.out.println("(a == b) || (c < System.out.println("(a != b) || (c <
b) equals to "+" "+ result); b) equals to "+" "+ result);
} }
if((a != b) || (c < b)) if (!(a != b))
{ {
result=1; result=1;
System.out.println("(a != b) || (c < System.out.println("!(a == b) equals
b) equals to"+" "+ result); to "+" "+ result);
} }
Logical
else
{
result=0;
System.out.println("!(a == b) equals to "+" "+ result);
}
if(!(a == b))
{
result=1;
System.out.println("!(a == b) equals to "+" "+ result);
}
else
{
result=0;
System.out.println("!(a == b) equals to "+" "+ result);
}
}
}
Bitwise
o The Bitwise operators is used to perform bit-level operations on the operands. The
operators are first converted to bit-level and then calculation is performed on the
operands. The mathematical operations such as addition , subtraction , multiplication
etc
Operator Meaning of Operator
& Bitwise AND
| Bitwise OR
^ Bitwise exclusive OR
~ Bitwise complement
<< Shift left
>> Shift right
Bitwise
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 2, b = 4,c;
c=a & b;
System.out.println("Bitwise AND "+ c);
c= a | b;
System.out.println("Bitwise OR "+c);
c=a >> 1;
System.out.println("Right shift "+ c);
c=a << 1;
System.out.println("Left shift "+ c);
c=a ^ b;
System.out.println("Bitwise exclusive OR "+ c);
c=~a;
System.out.println("Bitwise complement "+ c);
}
}
Comma Operator & SIZE
o Comma operators are used to link related expressions together
int a, c = 5, d;
o The sizeof is an unary operator which returns the size of data (constant, variables, array,
structure etc)
Comma Operator & SIZE
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int []n= new int[10],a;
float b;
double c;
char d;
System.out.println("Size of int bytes "+(Float.SIZE/8));
System.out.println("Size of float bytes "+(Double.SIZE/8));
System.out.println("Size of char bytes "+(Character.SIZE/8));
System.out.println("Size of double bytes "+(Integer.SIZE/8));
}
}
C Ternary Operator (?:)
o A conditional operator is a ternary operator, that is, it works on 3
operands
The conditional operator works as follows:
o The first expression conditionalExpression is evaluated first. This
expression evaluates to 1 if it's true and evaluates to 0 if it's false
o If conditionalExpression is true, expression1 is evaluated
o If conditionalExpression is false, expression2 is evaluated
conditionalExpression ? expression1 : expression2
C Ternary Operator (?:)
import java.util.Scanner;
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
char February;
int days;
System.out.println("Leap year? enter 1. If not enter any integer:
");
Scanner s=new Scanner(System.in);
February =s.next().charAt(0);
days = (February == '1') ? 29 : 28;
System.out.println("Number of days in February = "+days);
}
}
