Department of Education

TRAINING of GRADES 5 and SHS

RECEIVING TEACHERS on SPED CONTENT AND PEDAGOGY
Come with Me in the World of Learners with
Difficulty in Basic Learning and Applying Knowledge
 Different Difficulties in Basic Learning & Applying Knowledge

BLD-SID
BLD-SID SPED TOOLS
NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT NTOT
 OBJECTIVES
At the end of the session, you are expected to:
1.identify one’s difficulties & abilities and their
causes.
2.describe the nature and characteristics of children
with difficulties specifically difficulty in reading,
writing, spelling, counting & calculating.
3.apply accommodations and strategies to support
learners with difficulties.
4. realize the importance of focusing on the
learners’
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 HIDDEN DIFFICULTIES
Difficulty in Counting and
Calculating
Dyscalculia

Difficulty in Spelling

Difficulty in Reading - Difficulty in Writing -

Dyslexia Dysgraphia
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Group yourselves into 5 and answer the Tally Board

BLD-SID
BLD-SID SPED TOOLS
NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT NTOT
 Q & A Portion
⮚ What are the difficulties in basic
learning and applying knowledge of
your group members?
⮚ What are the causes of the different
learning difficulties?
⮚ Did you find any similarities and
differences in your answers?
⮚ How did it feel about sharing your ideas
and experiences?
⮚ What new insights about learning
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Analysis of the Consolidated BLANK Tally Board
Difficulty Difficulty in Difficulty in Difficulty in Counting
in Reading Writing Spelling and Calculating

Group 1

Group 2

Group 3

Group 4

Total
BLD-SID
BLD-SID SPED TOOLS
NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT NTOT
 Key Learning Points on Understanding Difficulties in
Basic
Learning and Applying Knowledge

1. The nature and characteristics of the

learners with difficulty in basic learning and
applying knowledge.
2. Causes and factors of learning difficulties
3. Accommodations to support learners with
difficulties in reading, writing, spelling and
counting & calculating.
4. Strategies & suggested activities to help
learners with LD.
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Difficulty in Basic Learning and Applying Knowledge

Difficulty in basic learning and applying

knowledge represents a difficulty in one or
more of the basic learning processes involved in
understanding or using language, both spoken
and written that may manifest itself in an
imperfect ability to listen, speak, read, think,
write, spell, or do mathematical calculations
(Leong, 1999; Snowling, 2005). Specific terms
for these difficulties may include difficulty in
reading, in writing, in counting and calculating;
and in spelling.
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Causes and Factors Difficulties in Basic Learning and
Applying Knowledge
⮚ NO real causes
⮚ Might be caused by:
⮚Hereditary
⮚Teratogenic
⮚Medical
⮚Environmental

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Causes and Factors Difficulties in Basic Learning and
Applying Knowledge

“There may possibly be a genetic link that

⮚Hereditary causes people in families to have learning
disabilities. Children may not necessarily
have the same disability as their parents,
but may inherit a similar disability. For
example, a parent may have dyslexia, and
the child may have a visual processing
difficulty.”
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Causes and Factors Difficulties in Basic Learning and
Applying Knowledge

⮚Teratogenic factor

“It is thought that learning disabilities may

be caused by teratogenic factors (for
instance, alcohol or cocaine use during
pregnancy)”
https://www.google.com.ph/search?
ei=Q74eWpYdioHyBdy2mbAE&q=teratogenic+of+learning+disability&oq=ter
atogenic+of+learning+disability&gs_l=psyab.3...85344.90981.0.92091.32.21.
0.0.0.0.315.2509.0j13j1j1.15.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-
ab..19.6.1158...0i7i30k1j0i8i7i30k1.0.725W8kL7J0c
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Causes and Factors Difficulties in Basic Learning and
Applying Knowledge

⮚Medical

“medical factors (premature birth, diabetes,

meningitis of mother or offspring)…”

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Causes and Factors Difficulties in Basic Learning and
Applying Knowledge

⮚Environment –malnutrition & poor prenatal healthcare

http://www.pbs.org/parents/education/learning-disabilities/basics/causes/
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Department of Education

Difficulty in Reading
 Let’s watch this..

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Message in the
Bottle Instruction

You will be given 60

seconds to decode
the secret message.

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 ANSWER
The problem is the way the mind
interprets what the eyes see – like an
optical illusion, except this mismatch
between what illusion and reality
happens with ordinary print on a
page.
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 HIDDEN DIFFICULTY
Difficulty in reading
Dyslexia is a chronic neurological disorder and common learning
difficulty that can cause problems with reading, writing and spelling.
It's a "specific learning difficulty", which means it causes problems
with certain abilities used for learning, such as reading and writing.
Unlike a learning disability, intelligence isn't affected.
Often , dyslexic’s complain about seeing the word moving or
waving. Some dyslexic’s have trouble making sense of the symbols in
our language because the letter may look one way one time and
another way the next time they come across them.
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Characteristics of Learners with Difficulty in
BLD-SID Reading
NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Characteristics of Learners with Difficulty in
Reading
✔ Difficulty learning connections between letters and
sounds
✔ Confusing small words, such as /at/ and /to/
✔ Letters reversals, such as /d / for /b/
✔ Word reversals, such as tip for pit
✔ Frequently adds and/or forgets letters in a word
✔ Remembering simple sequences, for example:
names of people, telephone numbers
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Characteristics of Learners with Difficulty in Reading

✔ Recognize words that begin with the same sound

✔ Sit still for a reasonable period of time
✔ Difficulty keeping in place when reading
✔ Poor sequencing of numbers like (14 for 41)
✔ Poor spelling
✔ Avoids reading aloud
✔ Difficulty organizing ideas to speak or write
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Characteristics of Learners with Difficulty in Reading

✔ Avoids writing tasks

✔ Left and right confusion
✔ Slow to memorize alphabets and
math facts
✔ Trouble following oral instruction
✔ Appearing restless or easily
distracted.
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Accommodation
s to Support
Learners with
Difficulties in
Reading

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Strategies &
Suggested
Activities
to help Learners
with Learning
Difficulty in
Reading
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Accommodations to Support Learners
with Difficulties in Reading – Demo
Setting Lecture Presentation
Study carrel Repeat directions
Small group Large print editions
Individualized Braille edition
Timing Response
Extended time Mark test booklet
Frequent breaks Word processor
Unlimited time Use references
Scheduling Other
Specific time of day Test preparation
Subtest in different Out-of-level
order Motivational cues
BLD-SID Across multiple daysNATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Strategies & Suggested Activities
to Help Learners with Difficulty in Reading
For Instructional
Materials
✔Use of tape recorder or audio books
✔Simplification of written directions for key words and
ideas
✔Presentation of a small amount of work
✔Blocking out of extraneous stimuli or providing
colored strips or bookmarks to follow along while
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Strategies & Suggested Activities
to Help Learners with Difficulty in Reading

✔Highlighting essential information

✔Locating place in consumable material
✔Providing additional practice activities
✔Providing a glossary in content areas
✔Developing reading guides

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Strategies & Suggested Activities
to Help Learners with Difficulty in Reading
For
Performance
✔ Changing response mode
✔ Providing an outline of the lecture
✔ Using graphic organizers
✔ Using assignment books or calendars
✔ Providing readily-available handouts
✔ Turning lined paper vertically for math
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Strategies & Suggested Activities
to Help Learners with Difficulty in Reading

✔ Using cues to denote important items

✔ Designing hierarchical worksheets
✔ Using/manipulating varied instructional aids
✔ Displaying work samples
✔ Using peer-mediated learning
✔ Encouraging note sharing
✔ Using assignment substitutions or adjustments
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Strategies & Suggested Activities
to Help Learners with Difficulty in Reading
For Interactive
Instruction
✔Using explicit teaching procedures
✔Stick to consistent daily routines
✔Repeating directions, then check to see if learners
understand
✔Providing copy of lecture notes
✔Providing learners with a graphic organizer
✔Using step-by-step instruction (oral and written)
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Strategies & Suggested Activities
to Help Learners with Difficulty in Reading

✔Combining verbal and visual information

✔Writing key points or words on the chalkboard
✔Using balanced presentations and activities
✔Using mnemonic instruction
✔Emphasizing daily review

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Department of Education

Difficulty in Writing
 Using my non-dominant
hand
In 20 seconds write
your name legibly
using your non-
dominant hand.

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 HIDDEN DISABILITIES
Learning difficulty in writing
dysgraphia is a transcription disability, meaning
that it is a writing disorder associated with
impaired handwriting, orthographic coding
(orthography, the storing process of written words
and processing the letters in those words), and
finger sequencing (the movement of muscles
required to write).
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Characteristics
of Learners
with Difficulty
in Writing

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Characteristics of Learners with Difficulty in Writing
✔Cramped fingers or unusual grip on writing
tool
✔Odd wrist, body and paper position
✔Excessive erasures
✔Inconsistencies: mixing print/cursive and
upper/lower case letters, irregular shapes,
sizes or slant of letters
✔Unfinished words or letters
✔Inconsistent position on page
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Characteristics of Learners with Difficulty in Writing

✔Inconsistent spacing between letters an words

✔Slow or labored copying or writing
✔Misuse of line and margin
✔General illegibility – despite training
✔Inattentiveness about details when writing
✔Frequent need for verbal cues and use of sub-
vocalizing
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Characteristics of Learners with Difficulty in Writing

✔Heavy reliance on vision to monitor what hand is doing

during writing
✔Slow implementation of verbal directions that involve
sequencing and planning

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Accommodatio
ns to Support
Learners with
Difficulties in
Writing

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Accommodations to Support Learners with Difficulties in Writing

For Speed Writing

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Accommodations to Support Learners with
Difficulties in Writing
For Amount of
Writing

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Accommodations to Support Learners with
Difficulties in Writing
For Writing
Difficulty

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Accommodations to Support Learners with
Difficulties in Writing
For Mechanics of
Writing

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Strategies &
Suggested
Activities
to help Learners
with Learning
Difficulty in
Writing
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Strategies & Suggested Activities
to help Learners with Learning Difficulty in Writing

1.By making accommodations for the learner

Using word processor instead of writing with a pen
Giving the learner a large pencil-holder or grip
Allowing more time to complete assignments
Allowing manuscript print instead of cursive
handwriting
Encouraging the learner to dictate to a scribe
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Strategies & Suggested Activities
to help Learners with Learning Difficulty in Writing

2.By modifying the task demands

Minimizing the writing task
Changing the nature of task (giving a cloze passage or
multiple-choice exercise instead of an essay)
Giving the learner assistance and guidance during the
lesson

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Strategies & Suggested Activities
to help Learners with Learning Difficulty in Writing

3.Through remediation of the writing difficulties

Using precision teaching, explicit instruction, modelling,
imitation, and guided practice
Teaching the use of effective writing strategies
Providing corrective feedback
Daily counting and charting can act as incentive for
increased output, accuracy and legibility

Using curriculum-based measurement to increase the

amount of written work the learner produces each day

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Strategies & Suggested Activities
to help Learners with Learning Difficulty in Writing
4. Teaching Handwriting
⮚ Board Activities
⮚ Other Materials for Writing Movement Practice – Finger painting or
writing in clay pan or sand tray.
⮚ Position
∙ child sits in a comfortable chair
∙ table is of proper height
∙ feet flat on the floor
∙ both forearms on the writing surface
4.non-writing hand should hold the paper at the top
⮚ Paper
∙ for manuscript writing –parallel with the lower edge of the desk.
∙ for cursive writing, paper is tilted at an angle approximately 60
degrees from vertical to the left for right handed and to the right for
left-handed children.
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Strategies & Suggested Activities
to help Learners with Learning Difficulty in Writing
5. Holding the pencil. Pencil held between the thumb
and the middle finger with the index finger riding the
pencil; grasped above the sharpened point.
6. Stencils and Templates. For geometric forms, letters
and numbers. Clip the stencil or cut out to the paper
to prevent it from moving.
7. Tracing – Use heavy black figures on white paper
8. Drawing between the lines
9. Dot-to-dot
10.Tracing with reduced cues

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Department of Education

Difficulty in Spelling
 Decode This!
Instruction : (group game)
Try to decode the three words to be
able to spell and read the secret
message. The first group to write
the correct spelling of the incorrect
sentence, wins.
Ispileeng eez fohn.

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Spelling is fun.

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 HIDDEN DISABILITY

Learning difficulty in writing

Dysgraphia is a specific learning disability that
affects a person's handwriting ability and fine motor
skills. Problems may include illegible handwriting,
inconsistent spacing, poor spatial planning on paper,
poor spelling, and difficulty composing writing as well
as thinking and writing at the same time.

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Characteris
tics of
Learners
with
Difficulty in
Spelling
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Characteristics of Learners with Difficulty in Spelling
✔ Bizarre spelling and a disconnect between
the letters and the words they make.,
reversal of letter, syllables or omission and
additions
✔ Grammatical and spelling interruptions are
severe.
✔ Timing issues. Slow in speed (e.i. most learners
can spell it in seconds, but for learners with
might take it for five to ten minutes.
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Accommodatio
ns to Support
Learners with
Difficulties in
Spelling

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Accommodations to Support Learners with
Difficulties in Spelling
For Developing Phonemic
Awareness

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Accommodations to Support Learners with
Difficulties in Spelling
For Developing Phonemic
Awareness

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Accommodations to Support Learners with
Difficulties in Spelling
For Developing Phonemic
Awareness

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Accommodations to Support Learners with
Difficulties in Spelling
For Exploring
Sounds

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Strategies &
Suggested
Activities
to Help
Learners with
Learning
Difficulty in
BLD-SID Spelling
NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Strategies & Suggested Activities
to Help Learners with Learning Difficulty in Spelling
✔Create opportunities for learners to engage in frequent
writing
✔Instruct learners in word analysis strategies
✔Target no more than three words per lesson for
learners with learning difficulties
✔Aim to develop learners’ self-monitoring and self-
correction strategies
✔Give clear and efficient feedback on errors
✔Use multisensory methods (saying, hearing, seeing,
tracing, writing, and checking) to improve retention of
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Strategies & Suggested Activities
to Help Learners with Learning Difficulty in Spelling
Learners with spelling difficulties benefit from being taught
how to study and check words (Lam, 2003).
In particular, learners must be taught the following
strategies:
•Look-say-cover-write-check
This self-help strategy makes use of visual imagery
to establish correct spelling patterns in long-term
memory. The strategy is particularly valuable for the
learning of irregular words, and for helping learners
progress beyond the phonetic
BLD-SID stage
NATIONAL TRAINING ofFOR MULTI-FACTORED
OF TRAINERS spelling.ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Strategies & Suggested Activities
to Help Learners with Learning Difficulty in Spelling
• Phonemic approach
This strategy is the one that most learners discover
for themselves at the early stage of inventive spelling.
• Spelling by analogy
Some learners will need direct teaching and much
practice to realize that knowing the spelling of one
word can give clues to the probable spelling of another
word that sounds a little like it.
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Strategies & Suggested Activities
to Help Learners with Learning Difficulty in Spelling
• Repeated writing
If a learner really wishes to remember a word, writing
the word several times is an obvious method of helping
with this. The approach brings together motor
memory and visual imagery. However, the strategy is
unlikely to be of benefit if the learner is not motivated
to learn the word, of if the exercise is given as
punishment.
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Strategies & Suggested Activities
to Help Learners with Learning Difficulty in Spelling

• Use of computers and spellcheckers

The use of any form of technology that will help
overcome (or bypass) a learner’s difficulties in getting
ideas on to paper. Using a word-processor may be one
way of restoring a learner’s interest and confidence in
composing.

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Department of Education

Difficulty in
Counting & Calculating
 Let’s Play
Math with Madame Auring

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Card -
A

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Card -
B

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Card -
C

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Card -
D

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Card -
E

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 HIDDEN DIFFICULTY IN BASIC LEARNING AND
APPLYING KNOWLEDGE
Learning difficulty in counting and calculating

Dyscalculia /ˌdɪskælˈkjuːli.ə/ is difficulty in learning or

comprehending arithmetic, such as difficulty in
understanding numbers, learning how to manipulate
numbers, and learning facts in mathematics. It is
generally seen as a specific developmental disorder.

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Characteristics of Learners
with Difficulty in Counting
and Calculating

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Characteristics of Learners with Difficulty in Counting
and Calculating
✔ Has trouble learning to count and skips over numbers
long after kids the same age can remember numbers
in right order
✔ Struggles to recognize patterns, such as smallest to
largest or tallest to shortest
✔ Has trouble recognizing number symbols
✔ Doesn’t seem to understand the meaning of counting
(when asked for five blocks, she just hands you an
armful, rather than counting them out)
✔ Has difficulty learning and recalling basic math facts,
such as 2 + 4 = 6
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Characteristics of Learners with Difficulty in Counting
and Calculating
✔ Struggles to identify +, - and to use them correctly
✔ May still use fingers to count instead of using more
advanced strategies, like mental math
✔ Struggles to understand words related to math, such
as greater than and less than
✔ Has trouble with visual-spatial representations of
numbers, such as number lines
✔ Has difficulty understanding place value
✔ Has trouble writing numerals clearly or putting them in
the correct column.
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Characteristics of Learners with Difficulty in Counting
and Calculating
✔ Has trouble with fractions and with measuring things,
like ingredients in a simple recipe
✔ Struggles to keep score in sports games
✔ Struggles to apply math concepts to money including
estimating the total cost, making exact change and
figuring out a tip
✔ Has a hard time grasping information shown on graphs
or charts
✔ Has difficulty measuring things like ingredients in a
simple recipe or liquids in a bottle
✔ Has trouble finding different approaches to the same
math problem
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Accommodation
s to Support
Learners with
Difficulties
in Counting &
Calculating.
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Accommodations to Support Learners with Difficulties
in Counting & Calculating.
For In-Class
Learning

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Accommodations to Support Learners with Difficulties in
Counting & Calculating.

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Accommodations to Support Learners with Difficulties
in Counting & Calculating.
Classwork and Taking
Tests

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Accommodations to Support Learners with Difficulties
in Counting & Calculating.

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Accommodations to Support Learners with Difficulties
in Counting & Calculating.
For
Homework

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Strategies &
Suggested
Activities
to Help
Learners with
Learning
Difficulty in
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Strategies & Suggested Activities
to Help Learners with Learning Difficulty in Counting & Calculating
✔ Make use of concrete materials and visual
representation (objects, pictures, sketches, diagrams)
to support verbal explanations.
✔ Select or make alternative curriculum resource
materials, including the use of different textbooks.
✔ Utilize appropriate computer program drill and
practice, and for problem solving.
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Strategies & Suggested Activities
to Help Learners with Learning Difficulty in Counting & Calculating
✔ Encourage learners to work on the blackboard or to
create new problems for the class to attempt.

✔ Encourage the use of a calculator if a learner’s

problem is mainly lack of speed and automaticity in
calculations

✔ Ensure that the vocabulary associated with each new

topic and within particular word problems is
thoroughly taught and understood.

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Strategies & Suggested Activities
to Help Learners with Learning Difficulty in Counting & Calculating
✔ Monitor the work being done by each learner during the
lesson.
✔ Provide direct assistance to individual learners.
✔ Be observant for learners who are working too slowly.
For in-class support, regular and appropriate use of
group work is encouraged, enabling learners’ different
abilities and aptitudes, to collaborate and discuss the
lesson easily. Whenever possible, the adaptations made
in the teaching of mathematics should aim to help the
student understand and succeed with the regular
program, rather than replace it with a different
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 “When you focus on someone’s disability
you’ll overlook their abilities, beauty and
uniqueness. Once you learn to accept and
love them for who they are, you
subconsciously learn to love yourself
unconditionally.”
-Yvonne Pierre-The Day My Soul Cried: A Memoir
BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
I am good at…

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Answer, Create and Innovate -5 minutes
•Demonstrate teaching strategies for learners with
difficulties in reading. (Group 1)
•Demonstrate teaching strategies for learners with
difficulties in writing. (Group 2)
•Demonstrate teaching strategies for learners with
difficulties in spelling. (Group 3)
•Demonstrate teaching strategies for learners with
difficulties in counting and calculating. (Group 4)

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 Questions to Ponder on….
•What valuable insights about how children learn have

you derived from this experience?

• What significant learning did you discover about
the four hidden difficulties?
•How will you use accommodation and apply the things
that you have learned when you go back to your
classroom?

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

 My Own Quote about Difficulty and Ability (5
minutes)
Allow the participants to create their own personal
quotes on Learning Difficulty and Ability.

My Own Quote about Learning Difficulty & Ability

_______________________________________
_______________________________________

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS
 Prepared by:

NANCY C. PASCUAL
Supervising Educ. Prog. Specialist
BLD-SID
KATHLEEN C. DIZA
Educ. Prog Specialist
BLD-SID
RODERICA R CAMACHO
Educ. Prog. Supervisor
SDO- Laguna, Reg. IV-A

BLD-SID NATIONAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR MULTI-FACTORED ASSESSMENT TOOLS