PROJECT TITLE

Sub Code– Title

2023 - 2024 Submitted by :

STU NAME - REG NUMBER

STU NAME - REG NUMBER

STU NAME - REG NUMBER

Supervisor: Guide Name With Designation

Department of Name
SREE SAKTHI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Ooty Main Road, Karamadai,
Coimbatore- 641 104, Tamil Nadu.
02/22/2024 VIII Semester 1
 OUTLINE
1. Abstract
2. Introduction
3. Literature Review
4. Research gap
5. Problem Identification
6. Objectives
7. Existing system
8. Proposed system
9. Selection of Materials
10. Mixing Ratio
11. Procedural steps
12. Fabricated bricks
13. Test for bricks and blocks
02/22/2024 VIII Semester 2
 ABSTRACT
The cost of brick constituents such as clay increase day by day. In the future, it will reach the
capacity of rural people of the developing countries. We know that. Rice is the major staple that is
consumed worldwide and is grown on every continent. In recent times, Rice Husk Ash and Saw dust ash
has successfully been used as supplementary material in concrete, improving both strength and durability.

Since the large demand has been placed on the building material industry especially in the last decade
owing to the increasing population which causes a chronic shortage of building materials, the engineers
have been challenged to convert wastes generated from various sources like Rice Husk Ash, Saw Dust Ash
into useful building and construction materials.

The effects of those wastes on the properties of the bricks as physical and mechanical properties will
be analyzed and recommendations for future research as out-coming of this project will be given. This
Project approach to brick making from waste is useful to provide potential and sustainable solutions, which
are also eco-friendly and Bio-degradable in many aspects.

Keywords: Rice Husk Ash, Saw Dust Ash, Bricks and Blocks, Sustainable Products.

02/22/2023 VIII Semester 3

 INTRODUCTION
Bricks
A brick is a type of block used to build walls, pavements and other elements in masonry
construction. Properly, the term brick denotes a block composed of dried clay, but is now also used
informally to denote other chemically cured construction blocks.

STANDARD DIMENSION
225 mm x 112.5 mm x 75 mm

02/22/2024 VIII Semester 4

Cement
• A cement is a binder, a substance used for construction that sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials
to bind them together.
• Cement, in general, adhesive substance of all kinds, but, in a narrower sense, the binding materials used
in building and civil engineering construction.
• Cement can't be used for large-scale construction works since it has higher heat hydration than concrete.
• The durability of cement is low.
• Cement is less solid than concrete and prone to cracking. It is also difficult to cure, thus making it
unsuitable for areas that are susceptible to movement.

Clay Bricks
• Clay bricks are produced by the drying and firing of clay or shale raw material, forming a sintered porous
structure. Similarly, the drying and sintering of pelletized clay or shale can produce a usable aggregate,
but more especially if the raw material is capable of being 'bloated'

01/12/2023 VIII Semester 5

Different types of bricks
Different types of bricks are used in masonry construction based on materials such as clay,
concrete, lime, fly ash, etc.

Types of bricks
Based on the manufacturing process, bricks are broadly classified into two types,
 Sun-dried (or) unburnt bricks
 Burnt bricks

Sun-dried (or) unburnt bricks

Sun-dried or unburnt bricks are less durable, and these are used for temporary structures.
Unburnt brick preparation involves 3 steps: they are preparation of clay, molding, and drying.
After molding, bricks are subjected to sunlight and dried using heat from the sun. So, they are
not that much strong, and they also have less water resistance and less fire resistance. These bricks are not
suitable for permanent structures.

01/12/2023 VIII Semester 6

 Burnt Clay Bricks

Burnt bricks are good quality bricks but they also consist of some
defective bricks. So, burnt bricks are classified into four types and they are

• First-class bricks
• Second class bricks
• Third class bricks
• Fourth class bricks

01/12/2023 VIII Semester 7

 LITERATURE REVIEW
JOURNAL
TITLE OF THE PAPER AUTHOR DETAILS INFERENCES
DETAILS

Burnt clay brick is one of the major and

Construction widely used building unit in masonry
Manufacturing of sustainable Syed M.S. Kazmi, Safeer Abbas, and Building construction around the globe.This study
clay bricks: Utilization of waste Muhammad A. Saleem,
Muhammad J. Munir, Anwar Materials 120 aims to evaluate the effect of the waste
sugarcane bagasse and rice husk
Khitab (2016) 29–41 addition produced from two major crops:
ashes
sugarcane and rice in clay bricks
manufacturing.

In this study RHA was used as silica source

in the obtainment of clay bricks. The pastes
​ aste and
W
Rice Husk Ash (RHA) obtained were extruded in laboratory, dried
​Fernanda Andreola, Biomass
Recycling in Brick and then fired in an industrial camera kiln.
Isabella Lancellotti, Valorization,
Manufacture: Effects From the tests conducted it is possible to note
Tiziano Manfredini, part of Springer
on Physical and Micro that RHA content contributes to reduce the
Federica Bondioli, Luisa Barbieri1 Nature 2018,12
structural Properties linear shrinkage during drying while an
May 2018
opposite effect is observed for the water
absorption.

01/12/2023 VIII Semester 8

 LITERATURE REVIEW
JOURNAL
TITLE OF THE PAPER AUTHOR DETAILS INFERENCES
DETAILS

Bricks are manufactured from waste iron ore

tailings that have been alkali-activated (IoT).
Investigation on Environmental Fly ash, GGBS, and IOT, as well as
A.A. RAHEEM, K.O. ORIOLA,
thermal properties of rice husk Challenges​ Na2SiO3 solution, were used to make
M.A. KAREEM, R. ABDUL
ash blended palm kernel Volume 5, six different brick compositions.
WAHAB.​
shell concrete. ​ December 2021 To determine the strength and durability of
the manufactured bricks, they were placed
through a series of standard tests.​

In this research study, recycle paper mill

residue (RPMR) and rice husk ash (RHA) are
utilized to improve the properties of bricks. A
homogeneous mixture of RPMR–RHA–
Utilization of recycle paper mill Archives of Civi cement was prepared with varying amount of
residue and rice husk ash in S.Raut, R. Ralegaonkar,S. l and Mechanica RHA (10–20% by weight) and RPMR (70–
production of light weight Mandavgane. l Engineering 80% by weight) and tested in accordance
bricks Volume 13, Issu with the IS codes. The results indicate that
e2
, June 2013 RPMR-bricks prepared from RPMR–RHA–
cement combination are light weight and
meet compressive strength requirements of
IS 1077-1992.
01/12/2023 VIII Semester 9
 LITERATURE REVIEW
JOURNAL
TITLE OF THE PAPER AUTHOR DETAILS INFERENCES
DETAILS

The impact of waste RHA, or residual ash

from rice husk-fuelled brick kilns, on mortar
Construction and
Effect of waste rice husk ash strength, durability, and performance was
Building
from rice husk fuelled brick G.H.M.J. Subashi De Silva, S. studied. The specimens were tested for
Materials Volume
kilns on strength, durability and Vishvalingam, T. Etampawala. compressive strength, bulk density, water
268, 25 January
thermal performances of mortar. absorption, porosity, sorption rate, sulfate,
2021
alkaline resistance, thermal performance, and
microstructural analysis.

The rice husk ash produced during the brick-

making process in India has yet to be fully
Mitigation Current Research
Shaik Numan Mahdi, Dushyanth utilized. This research focuses on utilizing
of environmental problems in Green
V. Babu R, Shivakumar M, trash burnt in brick kilns to improve the
using brick kiln rice husk ash and Sustainable
Mohd Mustafa Al structural qualities of geopolymer
in geopolymer composites Chemistry​
Bakri Abdullah d.​ composites. With the addition of 10% RHA,
for sustainable development.​ Volume 4, 2021​
the compressive strength was increased to
42.19 N/mm2. ​

01/12/2023 VIII Semester 10

 LITERATURE REVIEW
JOURNAL
TITLE OF THE PAPER AUTHOR DETAILS INFERENCES
DETAILS

Earlier study has demonstrated the usefulness of

oyster tiles and rice straw in cement. The
Study on engineering and
Construction and study investigates if maize, a
thermal properties of
Building Materia distinctive agricultural waste from Kinmen Island,
environment-friendly ​ ua-Yueh Liu, Han-Sheng
H
ls ​Volume can be used to replace micro agrarian gates.
lightweight brick made Wu, Chen-Pei Chou.​
246, 20 June Microparticles generated from waste products
from Kinmen oyster shells &
2020​ with a conversion rate of up to 10-15% fulfill
sorghum waste. ​
Chinese national standards (CNS) and have low
thermal conductivity. ​

Groundnut ash (GSA) can be used as a partial

alternative to flying ash in the manufacture of non-
Profound probing of Groundnut Materials Today:
combustible flying ash bricks. The percentage
Shell Ash (GSA) as Proceedings​
P.V. Premalatha, S. of GSA in the production of bricks varies from
pozzolanic material in Volume 49, Part
Senthil Kumar, C.S. Murali, 10% to 33%. Various experiments such as specific
making innovative 5, 2022, Pages
K. Vetri Aadithiya.​ gravity, total density, SEM, EDX,
sustainable construction 1275-1280​
compressive strength, water absorption,
material.​ ​
and corrosion tests were conducted to analyze the
effect of Gas on the fly ash brick. ​

01/12/2023 VIII Semester 11

 RESEARCH GAP

• The research gap is the combination of the two-materials rice husk ash, Saw
Dust Ash in a different binding ratio.
• This may give a different property to the bricks and blocks in strength,
durability, hardness, etc

01/12/2023 VIII Semester 12

 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
• The cost of Brick constituents such as clay increase day by day. In the future, it will
reach the capacity of rural people of the developing countries.
• Brick erosion and wear can also be caused by bricks that were formed from clay that
is not dense enough to hold up over time.

01/12/2023 VIII Semester 13

 OBJECTIVES

The main objective of this research work is:

• To study the significance of replacing convention brick production with eco-friendly
production.
• To analyze the performance using a life cycle approach to identify and quantify the
environmental performance of the process.
• To achieve the use of alternative materials for the development of better performance
and environmentally friendly materials.
• To enhance the usage of industrial bio-degradable waste.

01/12/2023 VIII Semester 14

 SELECTION OF MATERIALS
RICE HUSK ASH
• Rice husk ash (RHA) is an abundantly available and renewable
agriculture by-product from rice milling in rice-producing
countries. It has the highest proportion of silica content among
all plant residues.

• The rice husk ash has good reactivity when used as a partial
substitute for cement. These are prominent in countries where
rice production is abundant. The properly rice husk ashes are
found to be active within the cement paste. So, the use and
practical application of rice husk ash for concrete
manufacturing are important.

01/12/2023 VIII Semester 15

 SAW DUST ASH

• Saw dust is also known as wooden dust. It is the remains

of cutting & drilling wood. It is composed of fine particles
of wood, certain inserts which live in wood such as
carpenter out. It is produced as small irregular chips or
small garbage of wood during sowing the logs of wood
into different sizes. In this study, saw dust ash prepared
SAW DUST
from uncontrolled burning of saw dust is evaluated for it
suit ability as partial cement replacement in concrete.

SAW DUST ASH

01/12/2023 VIII Semester 16

 PROCEDURAL STEPS

1. Burning and Heating

2. Sieving of ashes
3. Mixing of raw materials
4. Moulding Process
5. Drying of Brick

01/12/2023 VIII Semester 17

 REFERENCES
1. Shaik Numan Mahdi. et al. (2021). “Strength and durability properties of geopolymer paver blocks. made with fly ash and
brick kiln rice husk ash.” https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00800​

2. Thejas H.K. & Nabil Hossiney (2022). “Alkali-activated bricks made with mining waste iron ore tailings.”
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e00973​

3. A.A. RAHEEM. et al (2021). “Investigation on thermal properties of rice husk ash blended palm kernel shell concrete.”
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e00973

4. M.K. Marichelvam. et al. (2020). “Extraction and development of starch-based bioplastics from Prosopis Juliflora Plant:
Eco-friendly and sustainability aspects.” https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2022.100296​

5. G.H.M.J. Subashi De Silva. et al. (2020). “Effect of waste rice husk ash from rice husk fuelled brick kilns on strength,
durability and thermal performances of mortar.” https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121794​

6. Shaik Numan Mahdi. et al. (2021). “Mitigation of environmental problems using brick kiln rice husk ash in geopolymer
composites for sustainable development.” https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2021.100193​

7. H
​ ua-Yueh Liu. et al. (2021).​“Study on engineering and thermal properties of environment-friendly lightweight brick made
from Kinmen oyster shells & sorghum waste.” https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118367
01/12/2023 VIII Semester 18
 REFERENCES
8. P.V. Premalatha. et al. (2022). “​Profound probing of Groundnut Shell Ash (GSA) as pozzolanic material in making
innovative sustainable construction material.​” https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.06.367

9. P.V. Vigneshwar. et al.​ (2021). “Sustainable eco-friendly fly ash brick using soil-filled plastic bottles.​”
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.03.573

10. Sahar Iftikhar. et al.​ (2020). “Synthesis and characterization of sustainable geopolymer green clay bricks: An
alternative to burnt clay brick.​” https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119659

11. Samah A. Sanad. et al.​ (2021). “Sustainable management of basalt in clay brick industry after its application
in heavy metals removal.” https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.12.070

12. A.C. Abdullah & C. C. Lee. (2016). “Effect of treatments on properties of cement-fiber bricks utilizing rice husk,
corncob, and coconut coir.​” http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

13. Nonthaphong Phonphuak. et al. (2019). “Physical and mechanical properties of fired clay bricks with rice husk
waste addition as construction materials.​”

14. Muhammad Hamza Hasnain. et al. (2021). “​Eco-friendly utilization of rice husk ash and bagasse ash blend as
partial sand replacement in self-compacting concrete.” https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121753

01/12/2023 VIII Semester 19

 THANK YOU

01/12/2023 VIII Semester 20