DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY SUBSTATION

BASED ON IEC61850

HOANG NGOC HOAI QUANG

EVNCPC
Mobile phone: 0963.211.112
Email: [email protected]
 SUBSTATION AUTOMATION TECHNOLOGY ON
1
DIGITAL DEVICE PLATFORM

PROCESS BUS DIGITAL SUBSTATION

2 TECHNOLOGY IN THE WORLD.

APPLICATION OF DIGITAL SUBSTATION

3 TECHNOLOGY IN VIETNAM

TECHNOLOGY FEATURES OF PROCESS BUS-

4 BASED DIGITAL SUBSTATION TECHNOLOGY

ADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES WHEN

5 APPLYING DIGITAL SUBSTATION TECHNOLOGY

PROPOSED DIGITAL SUBSTATION MODEL IN

6 EVN
 Substation automation technology based on digital device platform

Substation Automation System (SAS) is a system established on the basis of digital

devices and communication systems, allowing the provision of protection, control,
monitoring and measurement applications according to data exchange methods between
components in the system.
 Traditional Substation Automation Technologies

Substation automation system based on centralized RTU platform

 Traditional Substation Automation Technologies

Substation automation system based on distributed control platform through Bay Control Unit
Digital Substation
Process Level is the level that implements the
communication between primary devices on
switchyard and protection control devices. On the
Process Bus, the process of collecting voltage and
current information from field equipments and is
digitized by the Merging Unit (MU), or directly
from Non-Conventional Instrument Transformer
(NCIT) or Switchgear Control Unit (SCU) and
connected to the system on the Process bus.
Bay Level integrate IEDs that perform protection
and control functions. These devices perform
concurrent connection between two networks:
Process Bus to connect to other IEDs, Station Bus to
connect to RTU/Gateway, HMI.
Station Level includes Human Machine Interface
(HMI), RTU/Gateway, engineering computers.
These devices are connected on the Station Bus
Why Digital Substations?
 Voltage conversion and energy flow routing cannot be
digitized. Digital substation refers to the technology of
digitizing the data exchange process on the secondary circuit
system including protection, control and measurement
systems to perform condition monitoring, recording and
monitoring of information related to the primary system.
 The main goal of a digital substation is to provide as much
data as possible regarding the operation of key equipment
immediately and at the point it is monitored. The data
exchange is via Ethernet networks instead of copper cables in
traditional substations.
 The digital substation solution and architecture allows
substation functions to be implemented primarily through
software, with little dependence on hardware implementation.
 Digital substation pilot projects implemented around the world
 The pilot project of digital control technology for substations was first implemented at
Laufenburg substation (Switzerland) for 01 380kV feeder. Using non-traditional
measurement transformer technology (NCIT) ELK-CP3, with devices on ABB process
bus (REL670, REB500). Put into operation in December 2009.
 Swedish digital technology pilot project: Upgrading the control system of the 70/20kV
ÄT89 Upplands Väsby substation in Stockholm. Technology: ABB automation.
Commissioned in 2013.
 First digital control technology pilot project in North America: 230kV POST Substation
(Philadelphia, PA). Upgraded digital control system for 02 230kV line bays. Used non-
conventional instrument transformer technology (NCITs) such as 230kV optical current
transformers (OCTs) to replace traditional CTs. Control protection system using GE
technology, deployed in 2014.
 Digital substation pilot project in the UK: Wishaw substation 275 (kV), Scottish Power
Energy Networks (SPEN), using ABB Automation technology (SAM600 and 670 series
Protection IED, FOCS optical CT), put into operation in 2017.
 The first fully digital substation of the Australian National Transmission Grid. Name
Station: Avon 330 kV. Technology by General Electric Digital Energy. The project was
launched in 2014, equipment installation in 2017 and operation in 2018.
 Since 2007, Chinese power companies have implemented typical pilot projects such as
the 220kV Chenzhuang Digital Substation (Henan), 220kV Qingdao Wushan, 220kV
Shaoxing Waichen Substation by Zhejiang Zhu Bingquan Power Company, integrating
equipment from many different manufacturers, which are evaluated to operate reliably
and stably. Currently, China is moving through a phase of comprehensive conversion of
substations to digital technology.
 Digital substation pilot projects implemented around the world

 Level 1: Deploy pilot projects, renovate and upgrade some bays of existing transformer stations using Process Bus
technology, using IED devices supporting IEC 61850-9-2 protocol to collect data simultaneously in 02 methods,
collecting directly on the I/O of the device and collecting data on the Process Bus via Goose, SV messages, integrating
data into the existing computer control system.
 Level 2: Deploy a digital substation model using intermediate signal coupling devices (Merging Unit, Switchgear
Control Units_SCU) to collect data directly from main devices, which means separating the protection control function
from the data collection function on the same system; separating applications and information exchange methods on the
Process Bus and Station Bus systems.
 Level 3: Deploy digital substation model using new generation equipment technology such as non-traditional measuring
devices (NCITs), directly digitizing measurement parameters right at the measuring device, transmitting over fiber optic
network; Using circuit breakers, disconnect switches integrated with intelligent control function (SCU); Power
transformers integrated with digital control monitoring system. Devices connect to the protection control system via
Process Bus, without going through intermediate devices.
 Level 4: Smart substation with centralized protection and control system model integrated with intelligent monitoring
systems to recognize, automatically switch according to operating scenarios, evaluate/warn in advance of equipment
status, provide information to perform real-time system operation and maintenance (Real Time Diagnostic
Maintenance)...
Process Bus digital technology characteristics
 The fundamental change of the digital substation
structure compared with conventional substations is
the separation of data collection and processing
functions, information exchange is carried out via
Process Bus.
 Process bus is a communication network that allows
connections between protection, measurement and
control devices of IEDs and primary devices such as
CTs, VTs, CBs, DSs... The format in transmitting and
receiving data on Process Bus complies with IEC
61850-9-2 or IEC 61869 standard for analog values ​
and IEC 61850-8-1 standard for control signals.
 Instead of collecting/exchanging information via
copper cable signal network, on Process Bus,
Relays/BCUs collect digitized measurement signals
according to measurement sample values ​(Sample
Values ​- SV) from Merging Units and status and
control signals will be displayed using Goose service.
 Technological Requirements of Digital Substations

The Protection Control Equipments and Merging Unit support IEC 61850-
1 9-2 standard and redundant communication standards PRP, HSR and
IEEE1588 synchronization standard
Tranditional Substation

Establish communication according to IEC68150-8-1, -9-2 standards

2 with high redundancy according to PRP, HSR protocols

Highly accurate real-time time synchronization standard according

3 to PTP/IEEE1588 v2
Digital Substation

4 Setup automation substation data set according to IEC61850 on

GOOSE, Sample Value services

Setup configuration substation and IEDs buy IEC61850 configurate tools

5 and establish virtual connection between hard and soft logic variables on
the system.
 Digital Substation to Smart Substation
Technology to identify the status of primary
equipment (Primary Equipment State-Aware),
real-time system operation and maintenance
strategy (Real Time Diagnostic Maintenance)

Highly integrated control

and automation systems
(Highly Integrated Establish a highly sharable
Automation Systems) substation database system
 Proposal for application of digital substation technology

 Application of NITC non-traditional measurement technology on Process Bus

platform.
 Improve the reliability of the protection control system by setting up backup
signal sources and setting up backup functions on the device.
 Line differential protection solution applying synchronous Process Bus
technology according to IEEE1588 standard.
 Application of RTDS technology in simulation of digital substation
experiments.
 Set up centralized protection control system.
 Non-traditional Measurement Technology
Non-Conventional Instrument Transformer – NCITs
Traditional measurement transformers with analog outputs have limited
performance when digitizing to combine with devices on the Process Bus.
Currently, non-traditional measurement transformers (NCITs) have achieved
technological maturity, with guaranteed accuracy and performance to fully digitize
measurements in digital substations, the following types of devices are popular:
⁃ Optical Current Transformers (OCTs)
⁃ Optical Voltage Transformers (OVTs)
⁃ Electronic Current Transformers (ECTs)
⁃ Electronic Voltage Transformers (EVTs)
Electronic current transformer operates on the Rogowski coil principle, has high
accuracy and wide measuring range.
OCTs and OVTs are integrated directly into the primary device and operate on the
principle of the Faraday photoelectric effect, the polarization angle of light changes
when passing through a varying electric field.
Electronic transformer (EVT) is constructed based on a voltage divider circuit
using resistors or capacitors.
Configure measurement signal redundancy
 In order to improve the reliability of
measurement signals from MUs to
important protections, the Relay
configuration according to IEC61850-9-2
standard allows setting up the
measurement signal redundancy function
for protections by selecting the
measurement signal source from different
MUs.
 Based on device status signals (health
check, synch check) to select input
measurement signal source for Relay
processing and logic blocks.
Redundant protection model on Process Bus technology

 According to electrical equipment regulations,

the relay protection system must be designed
with high reliability through functional
redundancy solutions on separate devices. This
solution increases the number of installed and
connected devices.
 Redundant protection design on Process Bus
technology allows to implement a redundancy
model by duplicating protection functions on
physically separate devices. This redundancy
design solution allows to use the capacity of the
device, reducing the number of installed
devices, but is quite complicated in terms of
configuration and testing.
Line differential protection (F87L) according to IEC 61850

 Line differential protection (F87L) plays a very important

role in the protection system of the transmission grid.
However, with old communication technologies, F87L
Relays exchange data with the opposite end Relay
according to the popular IEEE C37.94 standard interface,
which makes it difficult to coordinate between F87L
Relays of different manufacturers.
 The F87L protection scheme based on the communication
link on Process Bus according to IEC61850-9-2 standard
and precise time synchronization according to IEEE1588
standard over wide area network (WAN) is proposed to
increase the compatibility and availability of the system.
The information exchange model (Logical Node, Logical
Device) is established between Relays and MUs to
compare measurement values ​(Sample Value) between
opposite ends and perform device actions according to
Goose mechanism.
Testing and commissioning of digital substation

 By using the high-precision Omicron CM 356

Universal relay test set, to feeds the correct analog
signals into the input channels of the MU, the test unit
and the MU device must all be synchronized from same
GPS master clock. The Sample Value obtained on the
test set is compared with the ITT600 software to
evaluate the error in amplitude, phase angle, and time
measurement of message transmission.

 Instead of applying the voltage signal directly to the

relay, the protection relay test is performed by
applying the Sample Value simulation signals from
the test set, the relay will react to give the signals (eg
Trip, Pickup, Close) through via Goose messages.
Universal relay test set CM 356 and software ITT600
will capture and analyze the signals to assess accuracy
and calculate response time.
 Simulation and testing of digital substations using RTDS technology

Using Real Time Digital Simulation (RTDS) with Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) technology to build digital device test
scenarios according to IEC 61850 Process Bus standard. The devices can simultaneously pump Analog signals (U, I) and
Sample Value to multiple Relay devices to test the response of the devices according to the system's operating scenarios, the
voltage and current values ​are accurately calculated from the simulation program.
Centralized Protection and Control System- CPCS

 Centralized Protection and Control System (CPCS) is

the development trend of digital substations based on
Process Bus technology.
 CPCS are powerful computer systems that allow
simultaneous collection and processing of data from
MU devices on the Process Bus. CPCS are designed
to integrate the function of building protection
configurations directly on the device.
 To ensure system redundancy, CPCS are designed in
Main/Backup mode, connected simultaneously on
Process Bus A/B, synchronized from a common time
source (Time Server) according to IEEE1588
protocol.
 Centralized processing solutions will improve the
ability to coordinate protection control functions at
the station, be flexible in building new applications,
and easily share data with other systems.
 Design of Phu Bai digital substation
 P/C system is upgraded with Relay/BCUs
supporting communication on Process Bus
and Station Bus according to IEC 61850-8-
1, IEC 61850-9-2 standards with 04 optical
Ethernet ports
 Signals from the switchyard devices are
collected and digitized using Merging Units
on Process Bus, supporting IEC 61850-9-2,
located in the MK cabinets
 The LAN system is set up according to PRP
and HSR model with 04 Switches for 02
Process Bus (A/B) and 02 Switches for
Station Bus. Layer 2 switches are supported
IEEE 1588v2 with transparent clock mode
 Time synchronization according to IEEE
1588v2 protocol with 02 GPS Grand
Master Clocks operating under backup
mode.
 Centralized control system with
RTU/Gateway and HMI, connected to NCC
according to IEC 60870-5-104 protocol
 Advantages of Digital Substation Technology
 Simplify the system connection setup, minimize
the number of signal wires, reduce equipment
installation area, and improve operational
reliability.
 Improve the accuracy of the measurement and
protection system, and reduce the influence of
electric field noise on the measuring system.

 Improve interoperability among devices of different

manufacturers base on IEC61850
 Digital substation technology helps to set up and
manage the automation processes and the operation of
the control and protection system in the substation more
efficiently and flexibly.
 Challenges of digital substation technology

Ensure cyber security

Initial investment costs for network systems
are relatively high

Operating and
troubleshooting
Reliability of IEDs capabilities of
working in harsh operator
environments
THANK YOU VERY MUCH