HAWASA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
AND HEALTH SCINCE DEPARTMENT
OF PUBLIC HEALTH EPIDEMIOLOGY UNIT
FUNDAMENTAL PUBLIC HEALTH G7
ASSIGNMENT
HIV CONTROL PROGRAM IN
ETHIOPIA
07/24/2025 HIV Control Program in Ethiopia 1
HIV CONTROL PROGRAM IN
ETHIOPIA
By
1. Mesele Alaro
2. Shilota Sarmiso
3. Birhan Temesa
4. Amsalu
H/mariam
Presentation Outline
Introduction
Objectives
Methodology
Conclusion
Recommendation
Reference
07/24/2025 HIV Control Program in Ethiopia 3
Learning Objectives
At the end of the presentation
participants expected to:-
Discuss about HIV/AIDS status in
Ethiopia
To know about the strategic plan of
HIV prevention and control
To know about National HIV
prevention Road Map
07/24/2025 HIV Control Program in Ethiopia 4
Methodology
To accomplish our work we use
different literature as a reference and
updated information added on it
To get credible evidence web based
engine used
Google
PubMed and
different book were used and we
paraphrase at the end of content.
07/24/2025 HIV Control Program in Ethiopia 5
Introduction
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
is a virus that attacks cells that help the
body fight infection, making a person
more vulnerable to other infections and
diseases.
AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome). AIDS is the late stage of HIV
infection that occurs when the body’s
immune system is badly damaged
because of the virus
07/24/2025 HIV Control Program in Ethiopia 6
Introduction ………
There are four main routes of HIV
transmission:
– unprotected vaginal or anal sex (oral
sex carries a very small risk)
– sharing unsterilized injecting drug
equipment
– from mother-to-baby in pregnancy,
childbirth or breastfeeding
– infected blood used for transfusions,
transplants or medical procedures
07/24/2025 HIV Control Program in Ethiopia 7
Global HIV Statistics/burden
In 2020 Globally 37.7 million people were living with
HIV out of this 1.7 million children (<15 years) and 53%
of all people living with HIV were women and girls.
From those having the disease only 27.5 million people
were accessing antiretroviral therapy. annually 1.5
million people became newly infected with HIV and
680,000 people died from AIDS-related illnesses.
In 2020 84% of people living with HIV knew their status.
Among people who knew their status, 73% were
accessing treatment and among people accessing
treatment, 66% were virally suppressed.(G L O B A L A I
D S U P D A T E 2020)
07/24/2025 HIV Control Program in Ethiopia 8
Prevalence in Ethiopia
According to CSA & ICF 2018 data HIV prevalence among
women and men aged 15-49 is 0.9% percent. HIV
prevalence is higher among women than men (among
men 0.6% and among women is 1.2%)
HIV prevalence is seven times higher in urban areas than
in rural areas (2.9 percent versus 0.4 percent).
Seven out of the nine regional states and two city
administrations have HIV prevalence above 1 percent.
Is highest in Gambella (4.8 %), followed by Addis Ababa
(3.4%), Dire Dawa (2.5%), and Harar (2.4%)
In 2018 in Ethiopia:
79% of people living with HIV knew their status.
65% of people living with HIV were on treatment
07/24/2025 HIV Control Program in Ethiopia 9
Key and Priority Population
Groups in Ethiopia
Ethiopia has defined its key and priority population
groups taking local epidemiology into consideration.
The key populations are=(are at increased risk of HIV)
• Female sex workers (23%) and prisoners (4.2%).
The Priority populations are
Widowed (10.9%),
Separated or divorced women (3.5%)
Distance drivers (4.9%)
PLHIV and their partners (28%)
Mobile and resident workers in hotspot areas (1.5%).
This population groups have high risk of HIV infection,
limited access to services, and some face stigma and
discrimination
07/24/2025 HIV Control Program in Ethiopia 10
Ethiopia HIV /AIDS prevention
care and treatment Strategic
plan
Ethiopia had started to respond to the epidemic in
different approaches. Since the first AIDS cases
identified in 1986.The early response was a health
sector response, but after the establishment of the
HIV/AIDS policy in 1998 the country followed a multi
sectoral approach to fight the epidemic. To implement
the HIV policy aligning with the dynamics of the
epidemic, recent evidences of effective
interventions and technologies different strategic
frame works or plans to intensify the multisectoral
response to HIV/AIDS in the country were developed.
The first one Strategic Framework for the National
response to HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia (2001-2005).
07/24/2025
The 2nd and 3rd are Strategic
HIV Control Program inPlan
Ethiopia for intensifying 11
Continue.…...
In order to identify the priority areas and design effective
programs with high impact interventions the 2015-2020 Ethiopia
HIV /AIDS prevention care and treatment Strategic plan was
developed in an Investment case approach. The targets set in this
investment case are in line with the three 90’s(90-90-90) treatment
targets set by UNAIDS to help end the AIDS epidemic
Vision
Ending AIDS by 2030
Goal
Prevent 70,000 new HIV infections over the investment period.
Save 500,000 lives over the investment period
Guiding principles
Effectiveness and efficiency
Balanced approach: prevention and treatment.
Quality of services
Multi-sectoral engagement
Partnership
Sustainability
07/24/2025 HIV Control Program in Ethiopia 12
Inclusiveness
Continue.…...
TARGETS
A,Prevention
Reach 90% coverage of medium and high risk and vulnerable
population with comprehensive behavioral and biomedical
prevention programs by 2020.
Reach 90% people in urban, hot areas and surrounding areas
of mega projects/development schemes and new emerging
economies with targeted BCC.
Distribute 150-200 million pieces of male condom per year,
and raise consistent condom use to 80%
Reach to treat 60% -70% of estimated STI cases by 2020.
90 % PLHIV know their HIV status through offering targeted
HIV testing and counseling and right based testing by 2020
07/24/2025 HIV Control Program in Ethiopia 13
Continue.…...
B,Care and treatment
– Enroll 90% of adult population and 85 %
children living with HIV for ART by 2020.
– Retain 90% of those who are put on
treatment and achieve viral
suppression in 95% of PLHIV on ART.
– Reduce deaths due to HIV by 80%
07/24/2025 HIV Control Program in Ethiopia 14
Four strategic objectives
1. Implement high impact and targeted
prevention program.
2. Intensify Targeted HIV testing and
counseling services.
3. Attain virtual elimination of MTCT and
4. Optimize and sustain quality care and
treatment
07/24/2025 HIV Control Program in Ethiopia 15
Continue.…...
In the development of the current HIV
National Strategic Plan, the government
of Ethiopia has adopted the global goal
to attain the 90-90-90 targets:
90 percent of PLHIV know their status,
90 percent of PLHIV who know their
status are on treatment (ART) and
90 percent of PLHIV on treatment have
attained viral suppression.
07/24/2025 HIV Control Program in Ethiopia 16
ND
2 TE
SE N
P R E
R
07/24/2025 HIV Control Program in Ethiopia 17
1.Implement high impact and
targeted prevention program.
A.Behavior Change Communication program
(BCC)
Aims to increase knowledge on prevention and
control of sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS,
preventive sexual behaviors and adopt safe sexual
practice and improve service seeking behavior and
utilization
This is achieved through implementing the following
strategies.
• Intensifying BCC targeting at risk population and priority
geographical areas.
• Strengthening School HIV education:
• Strengthening community based HIV BCC through health
extension and Health development army:
07/24/2025 HIV Control Program in Ethiopia 18
Continue…
B.Condom distribution and Use:
Ensuring the sustainable and equitable
access to quality condom through
social marketing and total market
approach; and promote correct and
consistent use of condom for
prevention of HIV/STI and unplanned
pregnancies among at risk population
and vulnerable groups
07/24/2025 HIV Control Program in Ethiopia 19
Continue…
C. Prevention and control of Sexually
Transmitted Infections (STI)
Reduce the incidence of the common sexually
transmitted infections among the population, with a
special emphasis to HIV/AIDS through
• intensify appropriate diagnosis and treatment of STI,
• Promote healthy sexual behavior,
• use of condom and treatment seeking behavior
through the targeted BCC program and
• Strengthen the capacity of health care providers
D. Blood safety:
Ensuring quality- assured testing of all donated blood
for HIV.
07/24/2025 HIV Control Program in Ethiopia 20
2.Intensify Targeted HIV testing
and counseling services.
The focus will be to raise the
proportion of People living with HIV
who know their HIV status from 60-65
% to 90% by 2020 through intensifying
targeted HIV testing. This will be
implemented through
Provider initiated testing and
counseling (PITC) and
Voluntary counseling and testing
(VCT).
07/24/2025 HIV Control Program in Ethiopia 21
3.Attain virtual elimination of MTCT
The post 2015 objective of PMTCT is to
consolidate & sustain the elimination of MTCT
and reduce the vertical transmission to less
than 2% by 2020 this is achieved through
Intensifying the primary HIV Prevention among
women and men
Universal HIV testing of all pregnant women.
Improving the provision of family planning
services to HIV positive women through
integrating the Family planning services and
PMTCT
Roll out of PMTCT B option plus.
07/24/2025 HIV Control Program in Ethiopia 22
4.Optimize and sustain quality
care and treatment
Access to care and treatment was improved
significantly; As a result of this over half a million
People live with HIV have ever enrolled for chronic
care and HIV related death was reduced by 50%.
However, there are gaps to fill this following
strategy will used
Increment of enrollment for ART
Strengthening TB- HIV integration
Improving adherence and retention in care
Providing ART as prevention
Enhance the fight against stigma and discrimination
07/24/2025 HIV Control Program in Ethiopia 23
Ethiopia’s National HIV
Prevention Road Map
The Global HIV Prevention Coalition was launched
in October 2017. The 25 countries with the highest
numbers of new HIV infections were selected for
the Global HIV Prevention Coalition. Of these, 17
are African countries, including Ethiopia.
Ethiopia’s National HIV Prevention Road Map was
developed after a thorough analysis of the national
context and lessons of previous program
implementation, through a series of consultative
meetings with key stakeholders. The Road Map is
aligned with the national HIV/AIDS Strategic Plan
2015-2020 and with global recommendations
07/24/2025 HIV Control Program in Ethiopia 24
OBJECTIVES AND PILLARS
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this Road Map are to:
Provide guidance for geographical and
population prioritization of HIV prevention
Provide milestone and targets to draw annual
plans of action
Provide guidance for scale-up and
implementation of primary and combination
HIV prevention interventions targeting key and
priority population groups
Provide guidance for monitoring and tracking
progress in HIV HIV
07/24/2025
prevention.
Control Program in Ethiopia 25
Continue……
Pillars
Pillars 1-5 adopted from the global Road Map and
Pillar 6 added taking local context into account)
1. Combination prevention packages for adolescent
girls, young women and their male partners in
high- prevalence locations,
2. Combination prevention programs for key and
priority populations
3. Strengthened national condom programs,
4. Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC)
5. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PreP) for population
groups at substantive risk
6. Prevention and HIVcontrol
07/24/2025 Control Program inof
Ethiopiasexually transmitted
26
Challenges of HIV prevention
Prevention programs lack scale, focus and quality
Limited access to adolescent and youth-friendly
services
Limited use of schools as a platform to reach the
group (curriculum lacks life skills based sexuality
education and condom programming was very
weak)
Prevention program targeting key and priority
population groups were limited in scale and
quality
Lack of updated, comprehensive and tailored
intervention packages
07/24/2025 HIV Control Program in Ethiopia 27
Challenges………
Limited access to key and priority population-
friendly services in health facilities
Ministry of Education does not allow condom
promotion and distribution at secondary schools
Condom distribution is not coupled with building
condom use skills
Weak community engagement and mobilization
to support VMMC
Fee-based STI treatment limits access of
adolescents, young girls and key populations
Very weak partner notification and treatment
07/24/2025 HIV Control Program in Ethiopia 28
Recommendation
Strengthen social behavioral change
communication, and provide/strengthen youth
friendly service at Health Facility level
Strategic Information/Monitoring and Evaluation
should be strengthens at all levels,
Adequate condom distribution should be
strengthen at all priority areas and skills on its use
Strengthen sectorial mainstreaming,
Strengthening community based HIV BCC through
health extension and Health development army:
Community participation and awareness creation
should be strengthening at all levels
07/24/2025 HIV Control Program in Ethiopia 29
Reference
1. HIV/AIDS Strategic Plan 2015-2020 In An Investment Case
Approach
https://
hivhealthclearinghouse.unesco.org/sites/default/files/resources/2229
2.pdf
2. F A C T S H E E T – G L O B A L A I D S U P D A T E 2 020
https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/UNAIDS_FactS
heet_en.pdf
3. HIV Prevention in Ethiopia National Road Map 2018 - 2020
https://ethiopia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub
pdf/HIV%20Prevention%20in%20Ethiopia%20National%20Road%20
Map%2020
18%20-%202020%20FINAL_FINAL.pdf
4. ETHIOPIA Demographic And Health Survey 2016 HIV Report
2. https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR328/FR328.HIV.pdf
5. 07/24/2025
Federal Ministry of Health National Guidelines for comprehensive
HIV Control Program in Ethiopia 30
07/24/2025 HIV Control Program in Ethiopia 31
