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CNC Machines and Automation

This document discusses CNC machines and automation. It defines NC as a form of automation that controls machine functions and movements using coded numerical instructions in a part program. CNC uses computer-aided part programming. The advantages of NC machines include reduced manufacturing time due to quicker setups, ability to remove metal faster through rigid machine design, and reduced inspection time. However, NC machines have higher initial costs than conventional machines and require specialized training. The basic components of an NC machine are the part program, machine control unit, and machine tool.

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jai_verma143
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185 views

CNC Machines and Automation

This document discusses CNC machines and automation. It defines NC as a form of automation that controls machine functions and movements using coded numerical instructions in a part program. CNC uses computer-aided part programming. The advantages of NC machines include reduced manufacturing time due to quicker setups, ability to remove metal faster through rigid machine design, and reduced inspection time. However, NC machines have higher initial costs than conventional machines and require specialized training. The basic components of an NC machine are the part program, machine control unit, and machine tool.

Uploaded by

jai_verma143
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CNC MACHINES AND AUTOMATION

L 4 T 0 P 0 CREDITS (or Max. Marks) 4 Attd 5 WEIGHTAGES CA AT 20 P 0 P 0 MTE Th 25 P 0 ETE Th 50

Lecture 1
Basic concepts of NC, CNC & DNC.
NC:A NC machine tool is functionally the same as the conventional machine. The
difference between NC machine and conventional machine is in the way which the various machine function and slide movements are controlled. Numerical control is a form of automation in which various functions or the movements of

machine components are controlled by using coded instruction in the form of numbers,
letters and symbols. Such instructions are called part program. It instruct the machine to operate in a particular manner. This type of part programming is called manual part programming since it is performed without the help of the computer. Numerical control

programming with the help of some software is called


programming (CAPP) or simply computer-aided-manufacturing.

computer aided part

According to EIA( electronic Industries association) Numerical Control is given by A system in which the actions are controlled by direct insertion of numerical data at some

point. The system must automatically interpret at least some portion of the data.

All the functions of NC machine are therefore

controlled electronically pneumatically.

hydraulically

or

In NC machine one or more of the function may be automatic i. Starting and stopping of machine spindle. ii. Controlling the speed of the spindle iii. Controlling the feed rate iv. Changing the tool of the spindle

Principle of Operation:- the basic information that has to be inputted into the system consist of part geometry, cutting process parameter followed by the cutting tool used. The part program is entered

Advantage of Numerical control (NC)


The manufacturing lead time is also less because of

quick and less set up time. The NC machine is capable of removing metal at a faster rate because of rigid construction of machine tool design. It requires simple and less costly jigs and fixtures because part program take care of positioning and geometry generated. There are less chance of operator error as the involvement of the operator is less. Inspection time is reduced. Parts can be prepared more accurately and at a faster production rate. These machine can be produced variety of operation

Disadvantages
COST: -The cost of NC machine tool is much high,

nearly 5 to 10 times as compared to conventional machine tool. Also cost of tooling is high. High initial investment. It requires special training of the personnel working on NC machine. Highly skilled persons are desired. Maintenance and installed environment required is more as compared to conventional machines

Basic components of NC machines


Part program b. Machine control unit (MCU) c. Machine Tool
a.

NC Components

Part Program

Machine Control unit

Manuscript

Input media

Buffer storage

computer

Gauging devices Sequence controls control panel Operators control panel

Machine tool

Tape reader

Operative units

Feeding channels

Cutting tools

Machine tool control panel

Work fixtures

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