SULEIMANIYAH GAS POWER STATION
9FE Combustion Turbines [GE]
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PUMP TYPES, INSTALLATION
AND MAINTENANCE
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July 30, 2025
1. INTRODUCTION
2. TYPES OF PUMPS
2.1) CENTRIFUGAL OF PUMPS
A) END SUCTION PUMPS
B) IN-LINE PUMPS
C) DOUBLE SUCTION PUMPS
D) VERTICAL MULTISTAGE PUMPS
E) HORIZANTAL MULTISTAGE
PUMPS
F) SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS
G) SELF-PRIMING PUMPS
H) RADIAL-FLOW PUMPS
2.2) POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
A) RECIPROCATING PUMPS
A.1) PISTON PUMPS
A.2) DIAPHRAGM
PUMPS
A.3) ROTARY PUMPS
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3. INSTALLATION OF PUMPS
4. MAINTENANCE OF PUMPS
A) BREAKDOWN OR RUN TO FAILURE MAINTENANCE
A.1) GT CHILLER PUMP
A.2) FIRE DIESEL PUMP
A.3) LUBE OIL MAIN
PUMP
B) PREVENTIVE TIME BASED MAINTENANCE
C) PREDICTIVE OR CONDITION BASED MAINTENANCE
D) PRO-ACTIVE OR PREVENTION MAINTENANCE
1. INTRODUCTION
A pump is a device used to move fluids, such as liquids, gases or
slurries.
A pump displaces a volume by physical or mechanical action. Pumps fall into
two major groups: centrifugal, positive displacement pumps.Their names
describe the method for moving a fluid.
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2. TYPES OF PUMPS
Pump can classified as two major groups such as: centrifugal, positive
displacement pumps.
2.1. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
The centrifugal or roto-dynamic pump, produce a head and a flow by
increasing the velocity of the liquid through the machine with the help of a
rotating vane impeller.
The term "centrifugal pump" can be used to describe all impeller type
rotodynamic pumps including the radial, axial and mixed flow variations.
Centrifugal pumps can further be classified as:
end suction pumps
in-line pumps
double suction pumps
vertical multistage pumps
horizontal multistage pumps
submersible pumps
self-priming pumps
radial-flow pumps
A) End Suction Pumps
Mot common use of centrifugal pump types.In SGPS fro ex. Chiller
pumps usage in here.
Fuel Oil Forwarding Pump GT Chiller Pump
B) In-Line Pumps
Mot in-line centrifugal pumps are designed specifi cally for heating, air
conditioning and industrial applications. Suction and discharge nozzles are
located 180° apart on the same centerline for mounting directly in a pipe line.
This eliminates critical pipe alignment for ease of assembly and minimum pipe
strain. The need for costly foundations is eliminated, which guarantees minimum
space requirements. The motor and bracket assembly can be removed from the
casing without disturbing the piping. The impeller, mechanical seal, bronze shaft
sleeve, and bronze wear rings are therefore accessible for easy maintenance.
C) Double Suction Pumps
This type of pumps in use of Waterworks, Irrigation, Air-Conditioning
Systems, Drainage pumping stations, Power stations, Industrial water supply
systems & Fire fighting applications in refineries and power plants.
Fire Fighting Main Pump
D) Vertical Multistage Pumps
This pums commonly usage in pressure boosting, water treatment
and Fire Fighting Systems. SGPS plant has in WTP and Fire Fighting System
for Jockey Pump.
Fire Fighting Jockey Pump
E) Horizontal Multistage Pumps
Horizontal multistage pumps are designed for high-pressure
applications. The same internals are available with an axially split single case or
a double case for light fluids or very high pressures. These pumps are designed
with a back-to-back configuration to minimize axial thrusts at all operating
conditions, thus guaranteeing pump reliability and durability. It can give example
for Fuel Unloading Area Pumps and Fuel Drain Tank Pumps.
Fuel Oil Unloading Pump
G) Submersible Pumps
Submersible Pumps are designed for low-pressure and soft spray
applications. The same internals are available with Drainage of excavated areas
(Pool draining, Septic tank draining etc.) Transfer of waste water or effluent
solutions to sewage and treatment systems. Emptying vessels and above or
underground storage tanks. Marine bilge pumping. Farm irrigation water. Waste
water treatment systems. Circulating liquids throughout plants
Fuel Oil Sump Pump
H) Self-priming Pumps
Standard centrifugal pumps have no self-priming capability and are
incapable of pumping when water flow is discontinued in the suction pipe. The
oval shaped self-priming pump has weak self-priming force at locations where
back pressure is present, and the higher the pump head, the harder to self-prime
the water.
I) Radial Flow Pumps
In a radial flow pump, the liquid enters at the center of the impeller and
is directed out along the impeller blades in a direction at right angles to the pump
shaft. In GT main lube oil, aux.lube oil, emergancy lube oil and fuel oil sump tank
pump are axial flow pumps.
Lube Oil Emergancy Unloading Pump
2.2. POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
A positive displacement pump causes a fluid to move by trapping a
fixed amount of it then forcing (displacing) that trapped volume into the
discharge pipe.The positive displacement pump operates by alternating of filling
a cavity and then displacing a given volume of liquid. The positive displacement
pump delivers a constant volume of liquid for each cycle against varying
discharge pressure or head.
The positive displacement pump can be classified as:
Reciprocating pumps - piston, plunger and diaphragm
Power pumps
Steam pumps
Rotary pumps - gear, lobe, screw, vane, regenerative (peripheral) and
progressive cavity
A) Reciprocating Pumps
Reciprocating pumps are those which cause the fluid to move using
one or more oscillating pistons, plungers or membranes (diaphragms).
Reciprocating-type pumps require a system of suction and discharge
valves to ensure that the fluid moves in a positive direction.
A.1) Piston Pumps
A piston pump is a type of positive displacement pump where the high-
pressure seal reciprocates with the piston. Piston pumps can be used to move
liquids or compress gases.
A.2) Diaphragm Pumps
A diaphragm pump is uses a combination of the reciprocating action of
a rubber, thermoplastic or teflon diaphragm to pump a fluid. Sometimes this type
of pump is also called a membrane pump. This type of pumps have good suction
lift characteristics, some are low pressure pumps with low flow rates; others are
capable of higher flows rates, dependent on the effective working diameter of the
diaphragm and its stroke length. They can handle sludges and slurries with a
relatively high amount of grit and solid content.
There are two main types of diaphragm pumps:
1. Those in which the diaphragm is sealed with one side in the fluid to be
pumped, and the other in air or hydraulic fluid. The diaphragm is flexed,
causing the volume of the pump chamber to increase and decrease. A
pair of non-return check valves prevent reverse flow of the fluid.
2. Those employing volumetric positive displacement where the prime
mover of the diaphragm is electro-mechanical, working through a crank
or geared motor drive. This method flexes the diaphragm through
simple mechanical action, and one side of the diaphragm is open to air.
C) Rotary Pumps
Positive displacement rotary pumps are pumps that move fluid using
the principles of rotation. The vacuum created by the rotation of the pump
captures and draws in the liquid. Rotary pumps are very efficient because they
naturally remove air from the lines, eliminating the need to bleed the air from the
lines manually.
Rotary Lobe Pumps
Rotary Screw Pumps
A screw pump is a positive displacement pump that use one or several
screws to move fluids or solids along the screw(s) axis. In its simplest form a
single screw rotates in a cylindrical cavity, thereby moving the material along the
screw's spindle. This ancient construction is still used in many low-tech
applications, such as irrigation systems and in agriculturural machinery for
transporting grain and other solids. In SGPS used only GT Liquid Fuel Pump
and Liquid Fuel Sump pump.
GT Liquid Fuel Pump
Rotary Gear Pumps
A gear pump uses the meshing of gears to pump fluid by displacement.
They are one of the most common types of pumps for hydraulic fluid power
applications. Gear pumps are also widely used in chemical installations to pump
fluid with a certain viscosity. There are two main variations; external gear pumps
which use two external spur gears, and internal gear pumps which use an
external and an internal spur gear. Gear pumps are positive displacement (or
fixed displacement), meaning they pump a constant amount of fluid for each
revolution. Some gear pumps are designed to function as either a motor or a
pump.
3. INSTALLATION OF PUMPS
The secret of success in operating prime pumpstheir proper installation.
That puts the success of their operation directly in your hands.
If you do your job is right and installed would properly properly then it
should perform satisfactorily for a long time. Of course, proper care and
maintenance are also essential for continued efficient operation; however, even
with the most perfect care and maintenance, you will find it difficult or impossible
to overcome faulty installation.
In general notify the following steps for installation of pumps:
1. Ensure the wich type of pump ill be installed by checking nameplate, tag
number against the bill of material.
2. Check unit for there are no missing and loose parts on pump.
3. If the pump is covered and fixed baseplate, remove all transport coverage.
4. Inspect and measure the locationof pump to avoid any absurd situation in
during set in place.
5. Clean and dry where to pump will installed.
6. If the pump put on baseplate (GT Chiller Pump, Fuel oil Forwrding Pump
etc.), ensure the pump and motor hole is matched with the baseplate holes.
7. If the pump will put in concrete ( Fuel Oil Unloading Pums etc..), check te
level of concrete, align the bolts and pump holes and locate slowly.
8. In pump installation first you need to align according to connection pipeline
of pump. After ensure no stress for fixing pipeline, bolted flanches of pump
and tightened in proper torque.
9. After fixing flanches, tight the feet of pumps on baseplate or concrete. Put
shim under feet if needed to make align
10.Set the pump motor according to pump position roghly.
11.Check the coupling alignment between pump and motor by dual guage if
possible or by feeler.
12.After ensure coupling aligment completion, tight bolt of coupling and foots of
motor. During coupling alignment, you should carefuly not to use a lots of
shim.
13.All completion after pump make sure to prime filling of pump before starting.
3. MAINTENANCE OF PUMPS
To maintain the pump runing, have to performed maintenance in
regularly.
There are mainly four maintenance philosophies like all equipments.
• Breakdown or Run to Failure Maintenance
• Preventive or Time Based Maintenance
• Predictive or Condition Based Maintenance
• Pro-Active or Prevention Maintenance
A) Breakdown or Run to Failure Maintenance
The basic philosophy is to allow the machinery to run to failure and only
repair or replace damaged equipment when obvious problems occur. Each
pump has a own maintenance and different replacing parts. According the type
of pump, removing demage parts and replace in properly. In following charts,
troublehot problems shown.
A.1) GT Chiller Pump
A.2) Fire Diesel Pump
A.3) Lube Oil Main Pump
B) Preventive or Time Based Maintenance
This philosophy consists of scheduling maintenance activities at
predetermined time intervals where you repair or replace damaged equipment
before obvious problems occur.
C) Preventive or Time Based Maintenance
This philosophy consists of scheduling maintenance activities only if
and when mechanical or operational conditions warrant by periodically
monitoring the machinery for excessive vibration, temperature, lubrication
degradation or observing any other unhealthy trends that occur over time.
D) Pro-Active or Prevention Maintenance
This philosophy consists of scheduling maintenance activities only if
and when mechanical or operational conditions warrant by periodically
monitoring the machinery for excessive vibration, temperature, lubrication
degradation or observing any other unhealthy trends that occur over time.
