Squares &
Square Roots
Session 04
Square Number
Also called a “perfect square”
A number that is the square
of a whole number
Can be represented by
arranging objects in a square.
Square Numbers
Square Numbers
1x1=1
2x2=4
3x3=9
4x4=
16
Square Numbers
1x1=1
2x2=4
3x3=9
4 x 4 = 16
Activity:
Calculate the perfect
squares up to 152…
Square Numbers
1x1=1 9 x 9 = 81
10 x 10 = 100
2x2=4
11 x 11 = 121
3x3=9
12 x 12 = 144
4 x 4 = 16 13 x 13 = 169
5 x 5 = 25 14 x 14 = 196
6 x 6 = 36 15 x 15 = 225
7 x 7 = 49
8 x 8 = 64
Activity:
Identify the following
numbers as perfect squares
or not.
i. 16
ii. 15
iii. 146
iv. 300
v. 324
vi. 729
Activity:
Identify the following
numbers as perfect squares
or not.
i. 16 = 4 x 4
ii. 15
iii. 146
iv. 300
v. 324 = 18 x 18
vi. 729 = 27 x 27
Squares &
Square Roots
Finding Square Root
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Learners will be able to understand the concept
of square root as the inverse of squaring.
Learners will be able to explore multiple
methods to find the square root of a number:
a) Visual identification
b) Subtraction of consecutive odd numbers
c) Prime factorization method
Learners will be able to apply reasoning to
determine whether a number is a perfect
square.
Learners will be able to solve real-life problems
involving square roots
Real-Life Scenario
You are helping a gardener who
has a square land area of 400 m².
He wants to find the length of each
side. How will you help him?
Think about the relationship between the area
of a square and the length of one of its sides.
area = 36 square units
side length = 36 = 6 units
Taking the square root of a number is the
inverse of squaring the number.
62 = 36 36 = 6
Every positive number has two square roots, one
positive and one negative. One square root of 16 is 4,
since 4 • 4 = 16. The other square root of 16 is –4,
since (–4) • (–4) is also 16. You can write the square
roots of 16 as ±4, meaning “plus or minus” 4.
When you press the key on a calculator, only
the nonnegative square root appears. This is
called the principal square root of the number.
+ 16 = 4 – 16 = –4
The numbers 16, 36, and 49 are examples of
perfect squares. A perfect square is a number
that has integers as its square roots. Other perfect
squares include 1, 4, 9, 25, 64, and 81.
Caution!
–49 is not the same as – 49. A negative
number has no real square root.
Square Numbers
One property of a
perfect square is that it
can be represented by a
4cm square array.
Each small square in the
4cm 16 cm2 array shown has a side
length of 1cm.
The large square has a
side length of 4 cm.
Square Numbers
The large square has an
area of 4cm x 4cm = 16
4cm cm2.
4cm 16 cm2 The number 4 is called
the square root of 16.
We write: 4= 16
Square Root
A number which, when
multiplied by itself, results
in another number.
Ex: 5 is the square root of
25.
5 = 25
Finding the Positive and
Negative Square Roots of
a Number
Find the two square roots
of each number.
Example 1
A. 49
49 = 7 7 is a square root, since 7 • 7 = 49.
– 49 = –7 –7 is also a square root, since
–7 • –7 = 49.
B. 100
100 = 10 10 is a square root, since 10 • 10 = 100.
– 100 = –10 –10 is also a square root, since
C. 225 –10 • –10 = 100.
225 = 15 15 is a square root, since 15 • 15 = 225.
– 225 = –15 –15 is also a square root,
since –15 • –15 = 225.
Squares &
Square Roots
Estimating Square Root
Estimating
Square Roots
25 = ?
Estimating
Square Roots
25 = 5
Estimating
Square Roots
49 = ?
Estimating
Square Roots
49 = 7
Estimating
Square Roots
729 = ?
Estimating
Square Roots
27 = ?
Since 27 is not a perfect square, we
have to use another method to
calculate it’s square root.
Estimating
Square Roots
Not all numbers are perfect
squares.
Not every number has an
Integer for a square root.
We have to estimate square
roots for numbers between
perfect squares.
Estimating
Square Roots
To calculate the square root of
a non-perfect square
1. Place the values of the
adjacent perfect squares on a
number line.
2. Interpolate between the points
to estimate to the nearest
tenth.
Estimating
Square Roots
Example: 27
What are the perfect squares on
each side of 27?
25 30 35 36
Estimating
Square Roots
Example: 27
half
5 6
25 30 35 36
27
Estimate 27 = 5.2
Estimating
Square Roots
Example: 27
Estimate: 27 = 5.2
Check: (5.2) (5.2) = 27.04
