ADVENT OF ELECTRIC TRACTION IN

INDIA ON 3rd FEB ,1925 10:00 AM.

India Becomes 24th Such Nation In The
World

• Electric traction was introduced on Indian Railways in year

1925 on 1.5 KV DC and the first electric train ran between
Bombay's Victoria Terminus and Kurla along the Harbour Line
of CR, on February 3, 1925, a distance of 9.5 miles, flagged off
the then Governor of Bombay Sir Leslie Orme Wilson.
 In India first electrification on 1500 D.C undertaken
volt between (1925-
1932)
 This included :

• 304 route kms between Bombay to Igatpuri and Ppune

• 62 route kms between Churchgate and Virar

• 32 route kms between Madras beach and Tambaram

 Locomotives were further classified as freight and
passenger. Freight locomotives were designed to haul
more load and passenger locomotive to haul at greater
speeds.

 Electric traction had now come to stay in India for all

forseeable future.
 In the year 1957, Indian Railways decided to adopt 25 kV 50
Hz AC traction based on French Railway (SNCF) technology.

 The first 25kV AC electrified section was Burdwan-

Mughalsarai, completed in 1957, followed by the Tatanagar-
Rourkela section on the Howrah-Bombay route.

 The first actual train run (apart from trial runs) using 25kV AC
was on Dec. 15, 1959 on the Kendposi-Rajkharswan section
(SER).

 Howrah-Gaya was electrified by about 1960, electrification till

Kanpur on the Howrah-Delhi route was done by about 1972,
and the entire Howrah-Delhi route was electrified on Aug. 5,
1976
 The Bombay-Delhi (WR) route was electrified by Feb. 1,
1988. The CR route was fully electrified by June 1990.

 Considering the advantages of 2 x 25kV AC system , it

was commissioned between Bina and Katni (CR) on Jan.
16, 1995 as a pilot project.

 This was later extended to Bishrampur. Though this

system was not proliferated further earlier, it is being
planned for use on Dedicated Freight Corridors to take
up heavier traffic.
 SNo Class of Loco Year of Horse Technology
Manufacturing Power

DC Locomotives
1 WCM1 1954 3170 English Electric
2 WCM2 1956 2810 English Electric
3 WCM3 1957 2460 English Electric
4 WCM4 1960 3290 Hitachi
5 WCM5 1961 3700 CLW
6 WCM6 1996 5000 CLW
7 WCG1 1925 2400 Swiss Loco works
8 WCG2 1970 1640 CLW
 Year of Horse
SNo Class of Loco Technology
Manufacturing Power

AC/DC Locos

3640(AC)
9 WCAM1 1975 CLW
2930(DC)

4720(AC)
10 WCAM2 1995 CLW
3780(DC)

5000(AC)
11 WCAM3 1997 BHEL
4600(DC)
 SNo Class of Loco Year of Horse Technology
Manufacturing Power
AC Locos
12 WAM1 1959 2870 KM-KRUPP-SFAC
13 WAM2 1960 2790 Mitsubishi
14 WAM3 1964 2790 Mitsubishi
15 WAM4 1970 3640 Mitsubishi
16 WAP1 1980 3760 CLW
17 WAP3 1987 3760 CLW
18 WAP4 1994 5000 CLW
19 WAP5 1993 6000 ABB
20 WAP6 1998 5000 CLW
21 WAP7 2000 6350 CLW
 SNo Class of Loco Year of Horse Technology
Manufacturing Power

AC Locos
22 WAG1 1963 2900 SNCF
23 WAG2 1964 3180 Hitachi/ Mitsubishi
24 WAG3 1965 3150 Europe
25 WAG4 1966 3150 CLW
26 WAG5 1984 3900 CLW/BHEL
27 WAG6 1987 6000 ASEA
28 WAG7 1992 5000 CLW
29 WAG9 1996 6000 ABB/CLW
30 WAG9H 2006 6000 CLW
• DC Locomotives with • -1925
Rheostatic Control

• AC Locomotives with Tap- • -1959

Changer Control

• AC Locomotives with • -1988

Thyristor Control

• AC Locomotive with GTO Thyristors • -1995

and Three Phase Drives
 Present Indian fleet consists Electric and Diesel Electric
Engines.

 Steam Engines are no longer used, except for heritage

trains.

 Engines are Locomotives popularly called as “Locos" .

 All Indian Railway electric locomotives work on 25 KV

AC, 50 Hz over head traction system earlier except in
Mumbai suburban area (1500 V DC), now completely
converted to 25 KV AC, 50 Hz.
 Locos, except for older steam ones, have
classification codes that identify them. This code is of the
form
 '[Gauge] [Power Source] [Application][Series]'
M=Mixed Traffic
W=Broad Gauge(1.676M)
P=Passenger
Y=Meter Gauge (1M)
G=Goods
Z=Narrow Gauge (0.762M)
S=Shunting
N=Narrow
U=Multiple Unit
Gauge(0.609M )
D=Diesel (EMU/DEMU)
C=DC Traction Is a digit indicating the model.

A=AC Traction Denotes that the locomotive is

chronologically the „n‟th locomotive
CA=Dual model
Power AC/DC
Broad Gauge
Denotes that this locomotive
is chronologically the fourth
AC Electric electric locomotive model
Traction used by the railways

Suitable for
Passenger service
 Block Diagram Of Feeding Power Circuit
OHE

PANTO
TRACTION
DJ POWER CIRCUIT
QLM

RSI-1 SL-1
TFS

TM-1 TM-2 TM-3

3 Ph. ARNO/ TFP
TFWA TFWR GR
Aux. SIV
TM-4 TM-5 TM-6
TFS
CHBA SMGR
RSI-2 SL-2

AUXILIARY FEEDING
POWER POWER
CIRCUIT CIRCUIT
 BLVMT BLCP BLDJ/BLRDJ T
MP-P
F
ARNO
SIV W
A
C-107 C-106 C-105 C-103 C-102 C-101 C-108
CHBA

MVRH MVMT-2 MVMT-1 MCP-3 MCP-2 MCP-1 MVRF MPH

MVSI-1

HVRH HVMT2 HVMT1 HCP HCP HCP

MVSI-2

M M M M
MVSL-1
QVRH QVMT2 QVMT1 GAUGE GAUGE GAUGE QVRF

Auxiliary Circuit for loco

MVSL-2
S No Relay Description
1 Q118 Relay for supervising auxiliaries with 5 second opening delay
2 Q44 High voltage circuit breaker (DJ) tripping relay
3 Q45 DJ resetting relay
4 Q100 Interlocking relay of the auxiliaries (5 sec time delay to pick up).
5 QTD 105 Time delay relay for C-105.
6 QTD 106 Time delay relay for C-106.
7 Q51 GR regression relay
8 Q52 Notch to notch relay to GR.
9 QV60 DJ open / close signaling relay
10 QV61 Battery charger output signaling relay.
S No Relay Description
11 QV62 Tap changer at 0 signaling relay.
12 QV63 Rectifier group fuse blown signaling relay
13 QV64 Control circuit ready (loco ready) signaling relay.
14 Q48 Relay for sanding with opening time delay
15 Q49 Synchronizing relay for tap changer for MU operation.
16 Q50 Relay for control, CTF, C145 and DJ (loco ready).
17 QTD 107 Closing Time delay relay for starting blower motor
18 QTD 109 Closing Time delay relay for starting blower motor
19 Q120 Time delay relay for alarm chain pulling.
20 Q46 Tap changer protection relay (stuck between notches)
 25 kV Over Head Supply
Safety Relays Dynamic
Braking
Resistor
QOA QLM QLA QOP1 QOP2 QRSI1 QRSI2
Q 4
QPDJ +110 V DBR Grid
CIRCUIT
4
BREAKER
DJ
QRSI 1 LINE
TM 1
CONTAC-
QLM
TOR L1
Reverse CTF 1
TRANSF TAP SL –1
RECTIFIER 1 LINE r
-ORMER CHANGER SMOOTHIN TM 2
RSI-1 CONTAC- J1 Tractio
TF1 ASMGR G REACTOR
TOR L2 n/
MVSI -1 1
MVSL -1 Forwar Brakin
QLA
+110 V LINE d/ g
Q 30 TM 3
CONTAC- Reverse Selecto
BOGIE 1 TOR L3 r H 01
STARTIN ARNO
G CONVERTE QOA
CIRCUIT R +110 V
C-118 1 - 3
960
967
966

LINE
96

U V
 W N
5

TM 4
CONTAC-
TOR L4
QCVAR Reverse CTF 2
SL –2
RECTIFIER 2 LINE r J2
SMOOTHIN TM 5
RSI-2 CONTAC- Tractio
QRSI 2 G REACTOR
TOR L5 Forward n/
MVSI -2 2
MVSL -2 /Revers Brakin
LINE e g
+110 V TM 6
CONTAC- Selecto
BOGIE 2 TOR L6 r H 02
Battery Battery
003

Charge 110 V
r BA
CCPT TO CONTROL CIRCUIT
700
MCPA
ZCPA
CCLS
BN
 25 kV Over Head Supply
Safety Relays CAMTECH,
Dynamic
Braking
QOA QLM QLA QOP1 QOP2 QRSI1 QRSI2 QPDJ Q44
+110 V
Gwalior
Resistor
CIRCUIT DBR Grid
BREAKER
DJ
QRSI 1 LINE
CONTAC- TM 1
QLM TOR L1

SL –1 Reverse CTF 1
TRANSF- TAP RECTIFIER 1 LINE r
ORMER CHANGER SMOOTHIN TM 2
RSI-1 CONTAC- J1 Tractio
TF1 ASMGR G REACTOR
1 TOR L2 Forward n/
MVSI - / Brakin
MVSL -
1 Revers g
+110 V 1 LINE
e Selecto TM 3
CONTAC-
r
BOGIE 1 TOR L3 H 01
STATIC
CONVERTER
1 - 3 
960
966
965

U V LINE
N CONTAC- TM 4
TOR L4
QCVAR Reverse CTF 2
SL –2
RECTIFIER 2 LINE r
SMOOTHIN TM 5
RSI-2 CONTAC- J2 Tractio
QRSI 2 G REACTOR
2 TOR L5 Forward n/
MVSI - / Brakin
MVSL -
2 Revers g
2 LINE
+110 V e Selecto
CONTAC- TM 6
r
BOGIE 2 TOR L6 H 02
Batter
003
y
110
V
CCPT TO CONTROL CIRCUIT
700
MCPA
ZCPA
CCLS
BN
Power Circuit of Loco Fitted with Static Converter
S No Relay Description
21 QVLSOL Relay for trailing loco fault indication lamp.
22 QRS Auto regression relay for breaking (Emergency break).
23 QWC Weight compensation relay (starting with field shunting).
24 Q30 No OHE voltage relay.
25 QCVAR ARNO 3 phase output checking relay.
26 Q20 TM over voltage relay.
27 Q119 Relay for unloader valve.
28 QCON Relay picks up after SI output fully ramp up.
29 QSIT Protection relay for SI.
30 QD 1,2 Wheel slipping detection differential relay.
 Time Lag Relays
• Q118 : 5 Sec
• Q44: 0.6 sec
• QTD105: 5Sec
• QTD106: 5Sec
• C118: 4 Sec
• QTD 101: 5 sec for CP-1 &
•3Q119: 5 sec for CP-2
• QSVM 2 sec SIV restarting
:
.
BLDJ Switch for VCB
BLRDJ Switch for giving starting phase to VCB
BLSN Lowering Pantograph of Rear Loco
BLCPA Switch for working the Compressor with RGCP
BLCPD Switch for working the compressor direct without RGCP
BLVMT Switch for working the blower motors (MVMT1, MVMT2) and MVRH
BLRA Switch for Cab heater.
BLZLF Switch for maker light (Red)
BLLM Switch for Compartment light.
BLPRR Switch for head light (Rear)
BLPRF Switch for head light (Front)
BLPRD Switch for head light (Dimmer)
BLLF Switch for marker light (White)
LSDJ Glows – when DJ is open.
For DJ
(Red) Extinguish when DJ is closed.

To indicate the Glows – on the defective loco in M.U.

LSGRPT
detective loco Extinguished – on one good loco in
(Yellow)
in M.U. M.U.

To indicate the Glows – on the good loco in M.U.

LSOL
good loco in Extinguished – one the defective loco
(Red)
M.U. in M.U.
LSDJ Glows – when DJ is open.
For DJ
(Red) Extinguish when DJ is closed.

It glows when J2, J2 not thrown properly,

For J1, J2,CTF1, CTF1,2,3 and C145 not in proper position
LSB
CTF2, and RB cuts OFF Extinguished – when
(Yellow)
CTF3, J1,J2,CTF1,2,4 and C145 on proper position
C145 and RB and RB is working normally.

It remains normally extinguished. It

For wheel glows on pressing BPT or when QD acts
LSP (Red) slipping due to wheel slipping or some other
cause.
LSDJ Glows – when DJ is open.
For DJ
(Red) Extinguish when DJ is closed.

Glows: - Battery charger not working.

LSCHBA For ARNO
Extinguished- when ARNO and
(Green) and charger
charger both are working.

LSGR Glows- When GR is no „O‟.

For GR
(Blue) Extinguished – When GR is on
notch.
For RSI Block Normally it remains extinguished.
LSRSI
(Tell-Tale It glows – On pressing BPT or when any
(White)
Fuse melting) tell tale fuse melts.
T
R
■ Pantogra
ph :
PANTOGRAPH
■ Transform
er
■ Tap
changer:
■ Silicon
rectifier :

■ Smoothing reactor
(SL 1-2) :

■ Line
contactor:

• Traction
motor:
• Reverser
s:

■ ARNO
converter:
■ Bogi
e:
Bogie 1 Bogie 2
CAB 1
CAB 2

Pressure Gauges Driver Desk Emergency Brake

Flasher

Main
Driver

Asst.
Driver
Horn Switches
 Speedometer

Notch
Indicator

Panto Key
Meters

Reverser Shunting MPS

Loco + Formation Brake
U1 & U5, A3 & A4
Meters

Signal Lamps

Control Desk
Power ON Key
BL Key
 EM Contactors
Baby Compressor
CAB 1 CAB 2

Driver Desk

From CAB 1 From CAB 2

Static Inverter
HT Compartment
CAB 1 CAB 2

Driver Desk TM Blower MVMT2

TM Blower MVMT1
Air Flow
Relay

Compressor
CAB 1 CAB 2

DBR Transformer

Tap Changer
CAB 1 CAB 2

Tap Changer (GR) Servo Motor for Tap Changer

(SMGR
CAB 1 CAB 2

Rectifier
Line and Field
Shunting
Contactors

Field Shunting Resistors

CAB 1 CAB 2

ARNO
ARNO Starting
Resistor and
Contactor

Battery
Charger
CAB 1 CAB 2

Pneumatic Panel Pressure Switches

CAB 1 CAB 2

Safety Relays

Interlocking
Relays
CAB 1
CAB 2

LT Mode Selection

Battery Switch

Programmable
Switches

Fuses
CAB 1
CAB 2

Programmable Switch

Battery Switch

Fuses

Battery Voltage
M– Motor H– Programmable Switches
Z– Toggle Switch BP – Push Button Switches
L / LS – Lamps BL – Lever Operated Switches
Q– Relays U– Meter
C– Contactors V– Electro Valves
CC – Fuse