Southeast Asian

Music
Exploring Musical Elements
MAPEH 8 Quarter 1
 Cambodia
• It is also known as Kâmpŭchéa.
• It was the center of the Khmer
kingdom of Angkor, a great
empire that dominated Southeast
Asia for 600 years.
• Cambodian court music is roughly
similar to that of Java, Indonesia
and features choruses with large
orchestras based on struck keys
and gongs.
 Cambodia
• It is also known as Kâmpŭchéa.
• It was the center of the Khmer ANGKOR WAT
kingdom of Angkor, a great
empire that dominated Southeast
Asia for 600 years.
• Cambodian court music is roughly
similar to that of Java, Indonesia
and features choruses with large
orchestras based on struck keys
and gongs.
 Cambodia
Reasons for the Execution of Artists
During the Khmer Rouge Regime:
• Anti-Intellectualism
• Eradication of Cultural Heritage
• Paranoia and Control
• Association with the Previous
Government and Foreign Influence
• Class Warfare
Musical Ensemble of Cambodia
Music of Cambodia
Pinpeat is a Cambodian musical
ensemble or an orchestra that usually
accompanies ceremonial music of the
royal courts and temples.

Skorthom Samphor Oneat Kongvon Chhing

g
 Indonesia
• It is an archipelago in
Southeast Asia
comprising BOROBUDUR
approximately 17,500
islands.

• World’s 4th most

populous country and is
the 4th biggest nation
of the world.
Music of Indonesia
Gamelan Orchestra

The Gamelan or Gamelan orchestra is the

most popular form of music in Indonesia.
It contains a variety of instruments such
as metallophones, xylophones, kendang
and gongs, bamboo flutes, bowed and
plucked strings.
Music of Indonesia
Gamelan Orchestra
Music of Indonesia
Gamelan Orchestra
JAVANESE GAMELAN BALINESE GAMELAN
 LOUD MUSIC
 SOFT MUSIC
 used for sacred music,
 used for court music,
 sudden change of tempo,
percussion dominated, 
 style of playing gives sounds very bright and brilliant,
 use of fast and rattling sounds of
solemn character
cymbals make distinctive
characters.
SI PATOKAAN
INDONESIAN FOLK SONG IN 2/4 TIME
SIGNATURE
SAYANG SAYANG SI PATOKAAN
MATEGO TEGO GOROKAN SAYANG
REPEAT
SAKO MANGEMO TANA MAN JAUH 2TIMES
MANGEMO MILIE LEKLAKO SAYANG
 Myanmar

• It was known as Burma

until 1989.
• The music of Myanmar (or
SHWEDAGON
Burma) has similarities with PAGODA
many other musical
traditions in the region,
including Chinese music and
Thai music, probably
because its longest land
border is shared with China.
 Myanmar
MUSICAL STYLES:
1. Mahagita: Classical music repertoire,
performed in royal courts and associated
with traditional dance and theatre.
2. Folk Music: Diverse regional styles SHWEDAGON
reflecting the country's ethnic diversity, PAGODA
often featuring vocals and traditional
instruments.
3. Modern Fusion: Contemporary music
blending traditional sounds with global
influences, popular among the younger
generation.
Music of Myanmar

Loud-Sounding and Soft-sounding

Instruments
Myanmar's musical instruments
are divided into loud-sounding
and soft-sounding types.

Loud instruments, like those in

the Hsaing Waing ensemble, are
used in outdoor ceremonies and
festivals.
Hsaing Waing

The Hsaing Waing is Myanmar’s traditional folk

music ensemble. It is made up mainly of different
gongs and drums as well as other instruments
depending on the nature of the performance.

Chauk Maung Pat Kyi Siand wa

Hne
ion pat hsaing waing waing
Hsaing Waing
Some of the instruments in Pat waing- set of 21
the Hsaing waing are: drums in circle

HNE- double reed pipe MAUNG SAING- bronze gongs Kyi Waing- small bronze gongs
in circular frame.
 Vietnam

• Vietnam is officially known

as the Socialist Republic of
Vietnam.
• Vietnamese music,
originating from the "Kinh"
people, includes music
from various ethnic
minorities like Montagnard,
Degar, Tay, Cham, among
others.
Vietnam
Music of Vietnam

Categories of Vietnamese Music

1. Imperial Court Music - the most popular form

is Nha nhac, performed from the Tran
Dynasty to the Nguyen Dynasty, honoring
gods and scholars.

Other classical music forms include Dai Nhac

("great music") and Tieu Nhac ("small music")
played as chamber music for the king.
Music of Vietnam

Categories of Vietnamese Music

2. Folk music - is performed indoors and

outdoors by a range of artists, from
professionals to street performers. It is
showcased in various settings like musical
theaters, streets, and ceremonies, blending
traditional and Western influences.
Performances vary, from courtship rituals to
invoking spirits, with some featuring only
female singers and others including both
male and female vocalists.
Music of Vietnam

Categories of Vietnamese Music

3. Religious and Ceremonial Music - this is

the music performed in religious rituals or at
funerals.
 Malaysia
• Malaysia is a constitutional
monarchy in Southeast
Asia. It is divided into two
regions:
1. West Malaysia – also known
as Peninsular Malaysia

2. East Malaysia – consists of

thirteen states and three
federal territories.
The music of Malaysia may be categorized
into two types:
Classical and Syncretic or
Folk music Acculturated
music

These These
emerged developed
during the pre- during the
colonial period post
and still exists Portuguese
in the form of period (16th
vocal, dance, century).
and theatrical
music.
 Musical Ensembles and
Types of Performances in Malaysia
Agung and Kulintang

This is a gong-based musical ensemble commonly

used in funerals and weddings in East Malaysia.
This type of ensemble is similar to the kulintang of
the Philippines, Brunei, and Indonesia.
 Musical Ensembles and
Types of Performances in Malaysia

Kertok
This is a musical ensemble from the Malay
Peninsula that consists of xylophones played
swiftly and rhythmically in traditional Malay
functions.
 Musical Ensembles and
Types of Performances in Malaysia
Dikir Barat
This is a type of musical form that is important to
Malaysia’s national culture. It is performed by singing in
groups and often in a competitive manner usually with
percussion instrumental accompaniment or sometimes
without instruments at all.
 Musical Ensembles and
Types of Performances in Malaysia

Silat Melayu
This is a form of martial art that is similar to t’ai
chi. It originated in the Malay Peninsula since the
Christian Era and is a mixture of martial arts,
dance, and music usually accompanied by gongs,
drums, and Indian oboes.
RASA SAYANG (I’VE GOT THAT LOVING FEELING)

• Rasa sayang hey!

• Rasa sayang sayang hey!
• Hey lihat nona jauh 2X
• Rasa sayang sayang hey!
• Buah cempedak di luar pagar
• Ambil galah tolong jolokkan
• Saya budak baru belahar
• Kalau salah tolong tunjukkan
 Thailand

• Siam is the old name of Thailand.

• is also called “Muang Thai,” which
means “Land of the Free.”
• Its musical principles and elements
are basically derived from Chinese
music, while its musical instruments
are inspired from the Indian and
Indonesian strings and gong.
Music of Thailand

Three Primary Instrumental Ensembles in Thailand

1. Piphat is a medium-
sized orchestra that can be
played in two styles:
outdoor style using hard
mallets or indoor style
using padded mallets.
Music of Thailand

Three Primary Instrumental Ensembles in Thailand

2. Khrueang Sai is an orchestra

that combines some of the
percussion and wind instruments of
the Piphat with an expanded string
section.

This group is primarily used for

indoor performances and for the
accompaniment of stick puppet
theater.
Music of Thailand

Three Primary Instrumental Ensembles in

Thailand
3. Mahori is traditionally
played by women in the
courts of Central Thailand
and Cambodia.
Thai Instruments
 Laos
• This country is an Independent
state of Southeast Asia and
officially known as Lao People’s
Democratic Republic.
• Wat Pha That Luang, Vientiane is
one of its famous landmarks.
• The classical music and dance of
Laos is highly influences by
India, Cambodia, and
Thailand.
Music of Laos

The Lao orchestra can be divided into two

categories:
1. Sep Nyai – Resembling Thailand's
Piphat, this style features percussive
instruments alongside an oboe.

2. Sep Noi – Also referred to as

Thailand's Mahori, this genre includes
the prominent use of khene, a large
bamboo mouth organ popular in
Laotian folk music.
 Singapore

• The Republic of Singapore

is an independent republic
in Southeast Asia,
comprised of one main
island and about 50 small
adjacent islands off the
southern tip of the Malay
Peninsula.
Music of Singapore

Singapore Symphony Orchestra and

Singapore Chinese Orchestra

The music industry in Singapore evolved

with Western and ethnic performances by
groups like the Singapore Symphony
Orchestra and the Singapore Chinese
Orchestra, along with Malay and Indian
influenced performances.
LOI LOI GRATONG CHAN MALI CHAN
THAILAND FOLK SONG SINGAPOREAN FOLK SONG
DI TANJONG KATONG SI PATOKAAN
SINGAPORE FOLK SONG INDONESIAN FOLK SONG
 Performance Task
• Sing the Southeast Asian folksong.
• 1. Rasa Sayang- Malaysia
• 2. Burung Kakatua- Indonesia
• 3. Chan Mali Chan- Singapore
• 4. Loi loi Gratong- Thailand
• 5. Si Patokaan- Indonesia
• 6. Di Tanjong Katong- Singapore
Di Tanjong Katong

Thank you for studying and exploring

the realm of musical elements in
Southeast Asia!
Music Analysis

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