CONTROL FLOW
By Samwel Tarus
Control Structures / Statements
Directs the flow of execution in a program.
Control structures enable the programmer to achieve iteration and branching.
Python language control statement are divided into three categories:
1. Decision/Conditional control structures/statements
2. Looping/Iteration control structures
3. Jumping/Transfer control structures
Branching: The process of taking the alternative course of action against the
other.
Looping: The process of repeating / iterating a block of statements any number
of times.
Jumping: Moving to a specified location / point in a program
Introduction
• Flow control describes the order in which statements will be executed at
runtime.
Conditional Statements
If control statement
if condition: statement
or
if condition:
statement-1
statement-2
statement-3
statement -4
flowIf.py
If condition is true then statements will be executed. evenNo.py
If else control statement
Syntax:
if condition:
Action-1
else:
Action-2
If condition is true Action-1 will be executed otherwise Axtion-2 will be executed.
flowIfElse.py
Cont’d …
if-elif-else:
Syntax:
if condition1:
Action-1
elif condition-2:
Action-2
elif condition-3:
Action-3
else
Default Action
ifElifElse.py
Program to read name and marks of the student and to display the corresponding
grade using if-elif-else structure. marksheet1.py
Program to find biggest of given 3 input integer numbers:
biggest3.py, marksheet.py
Looping/Iterative Control structures/statements
Facilitate the action of repetition / iteration
Examples:
i. for loop
ii. while loop
For Loop
Designed to repeatedly execute a code block while iterating through a list, tuple,
dictionary, or other iterable objects of Python.
Python supports 2-types of iterative statement (Definite and Indefinite iteration)
Syntax:
for value in sequence: #indefinite iteration
{ code block }
The variable value is used to hold the value of every item present in the
sequence before the iteration begins until this particular iteration is completed.
Loop iterates until the final item of the sequence are reached.
Example:
# Creating a sequence which is a tuple of numbers
numbers = [4, 2, 6, 7, 3, 5, 8, 10, 6, 1, 9, 2] demoDemo.py
To print Hello 10 times. #definite iteration
for x in range(10):
print("Hello")
To display numbers from 0-10
for x in range(10):
print(x)
To display odd numbers from 0-20
for x in range(21):
if(x%2 !=0 ):
print(x)
To display numbers from 10-1 in descending order.
for x in range(10,0,-1):
print(x)
For loop in List, Tuple, Dictionary etc
Create a list and display items in the list: fruitList.py
Create a tuple and display items in the tuple. forTuple.py
Create a string and traverse through the string displaying characters one by one.
forString.py
Create a set then display items in the set. forSet.py
Create and display items in a dictionary. forDict.py,
While loop
While loop
Entry loop control structure
Syntax:
while condition:
body
To print numbers from 1 to 10 by using while loop: whileLoop1.py
To print even numbers and compute its sum. whileLoop2.py
To display Fibonacci series to nth term. Fibbonacci.py
Transfer control statements
1. break control structure / statement
2. continue control structure / statement
break control structure / statement
Transfers control of execution outside the switch control structure
Transfers control of execution from a deeply nested loop.
Transfers control of execution in the forward direction.
Syntax: break;
T
Cond break
Normal F
Loop
Program examples break
Program to display numbers. break1.py
Program to count the first 5 values in a tuple. break2.py
Program to compute sum using while loop and break statement. break3.py
Continue control structure
1. Transfers control to the beginning
of the loop or program
2. Transfers control in the backward
direction
3. By passes the remainder of the
loop.
Syntax: continue
Program Examples Continue
Program to demonstrate continue: continue2.py
Program to display odd numbers between 1 and 10. continue3.py
To compute the sum of positive integer numbers from a set of 5 input integer
numbers. continue1.py
Pass statement
Statement used as a placeholder for future code.
When the pass statement is executed, nothing happens, but you avoid getting an
error when empty code is not allowed.
Empty code is not allowed in loops, function definitions, class definitions, or in if
statements.
Example:
#Create a placeholder for future code:
for x in [0, 1, 2]:
pass
passDemo.py
