Agriculture
What is Agriculture?
• Definition: The practice of growing crops and
raising animals for food and resources.
• Main Types:
• Crop Farming – Wheat, rice, fruits, vegetables
• Livestock Farming – Cows, goats, poultry
• Fisheries – Catching and farming fish
• Forestry – Using trees for wood, paper, and medicine
• Can you think of an example of each type in
Pakistan?
• Importance of Agriculture
• Provides food for people and animals
• Creates jobs for millions
• Supports industries (textiles, dairy, sugar,
etc.)
• Contributes to exports (wheat, rice,
mangoes, cotton)
• Essential for economic stability
• Can you name any products in your home
that come from agriculture?
• Pakistan as an Agricultural Economy
• 37% of workforce involved in agriculture
• 22% of GDP comes from farming
• Major Crops:
• Food Crops – Wheat, rice, maize
• Cash Crops – Cotton, sugarcane, tobacco
• Horticultural Crops – Mangoes, oranges, vegetables
• Which of these crops do you eat daily? Which are
exported?
• Challenges in Pakistan’s Agriculture
• Water Shortage – Less rainfall, poor irrigation
Soil Erosion – Overuse of land reduces fertility
Outdated Methods – Farmers still use
traditional tools
Lack of Modern Technology – Limited use of
smart farming
• Which challenge do you think affects Pakistani
farmers the most? Why?
• Methods of Farming
• Subsistence Farming – Small-scale, for
personal use
Commercial Farming – Large-scale, for sale and
export
Intensive Farming – Small land, high inputs
(fertilizers, labor)
Extensive Farming – Large land, fewer inputs
Organic Farming – No chemicals, eco-friendly
• Can you think of farms in Pakistan that use these
methods?
• Organic Farming in Pakistan
• No artificial fertilizers or pesticides
• Uses compost, manure, and natural pest control
• Crop rotation to maintain soil fertility
• Healthier food and environmentally friendly
• Organic farming avoids synthetic chemicals, using
compost, manure, and crop rotation to maintain soil
health. It results in healthier food but is more
expensive due to lower yields and high labor costs.
• Why do you think organic food is becoming more
popular?
• Smart Farming – The Future of Agriculture
• Drones & Satellites – Monitor crops
• Automated Irrigation – Saves water
• AI & Weather Predictions – Better planning ☁️
• 🔹 Benefits: Increased production, less waste, improved
efficiency
🔹 Challenges: High cost, lack of awareness, internet
issues
• Smart farming uses modern technology to improve
efficiency and production:
• Drones – Monitor crops and spray fertilizers.
• AI and sensors – Detect soil moisture and recommend
irrigation.
• Irrigation in Agriculture
• Canal System – Uses river water
• Tube Wells – Pumps underground water
• Sprinkler & Drip Irrigation – Saves water, direct supply to roots
Problems:
• Water wastage
• Salinity and waterlogging
• Unequal distribution
Solutions: Modern irrigation methods, better water management
• Which irrigation method is the most efficient? Why?
• Arable Farming
• Growing crops on suitable land
• Needs good quality soil & irrigation
• Types of Crops:
• Cereals – Wheat, rice, maize
• Vegetables – Potatoes, onions, carrots
• Arable farming means growing crops on suitable land with
good soil, water, and climate. Common crops include wheat,
maize, and fruits. It is different from pastoral farming,
which focuses on raising animals
• Environmental Issues in Agriculture
• Deforestation for farming – Loss of wildlife habitats
Pesticide Overuse – Harms soil and water
Excessive Water Use – Leads to shortages
Climate Change – Affects crops
• What can farmers do to reduce these environmental
issues?
• Sustainable Solutions for Agriculture
• Crop rotation – Maintains soil nutrients
Using natural fertilizers – Reduces chemical
pollution
Efficient irrigation – Saves water
Growing climate-resistant crops – Adapts to
changing weather
• How can we encourage farmers to use these methods?
• Final Summary
• Agriculture is essential for food, economy, and
employment.
• Pakistan's economy depends on farming.
• Irrigation and farming methods affect productivity.
• Smart farming and organic methods are the future.
• Sustainability is crucial for long-term food security.
• Think about how agriculture will change in the future.
• Discussion Questions
• Why is agriculture important for Pakistan’s economy?
• What are the challenges farmers face today?
• How can smart farming improve agriculture?
• Why is sustainable farming important for the future?
• Discuss in pairs, then share their thoughts.
• Activity – Create Your Own Farm Plan!
• Task: Imagine you are a farmer. Plan your farm by
choosing:
• What crops/livestock you will have
• What irrigation method you will use
• Whether you will use organic or smart farming
• Homework Task
Research Task:
• Find out one sustainable farming method used in
Pakistan.
• Write a short paragraph explaining how it helps the
environment.
