Performance Studies on Partial Replacement of

Conventional Filler Using Waste Materials in

Asphalt Mixture

Under the guidance of

DR. Pabitra Rajbongshi

Junaid Ahmed Barbhuiya

Scholar no:14-21-319
Transportation Engineering
Dept. of Civil Engg.
NIT SILCHAR
CONSTITUENTS IN ASPHALT MIXTURE
Asphalt mixture consists of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, filler and
bitumen.
The superiority and stability of asphalt mixtures are influenced by several
features together with gradation of aggregates and type and amount of filler
materials.
Filler acts as one of the major constituents in asphalt mixture.
GRADATION OF AGGREGATES
For preparation of asphalt mixture, dense graded bituminous macadam (DBM)
grading 2 is adopted as the grading of aggregates as per MORTH
specifications
Sieve Size (mm) Percentage Passing Percentage Passing
(Specified Range) (Adopted)

37.5 100 100

26.5 90-100 95
19 71-95 85
13.2 56-80 70
4.75 38-54 45
2.36 28-42 35
0.3 7-21 15
0.075 2-8 5
<0.075 - -
ROLE OF FILLER IN ASPHALT MIXTURE
Role of filler in asphalt mixture is remarkable as it is one of the crucial
components of asphalt mixture. Fillers not only fill voids in the coarse and fine
aggregates but also affect workability, fatigue life, moisture resistance, and
aging characteristics of asphalt mixtures.

Conventionally stone dust, cement and lime are used as fillers. In this study an
attempt has been made to study the performance of two different types of waste
materials such as fly ash and brick dust using as partial replacement of
conventional filler such as stone dust in asphalt mixture. Other conventional
fillers such as cement and lime were also studied for comparison.
REQUIREMENTS OF ASPHALT MIXTURE

A good design of asphalt mixture is expected to result in a mix which is –

 Strong
 Durable
 Resistive to fatigue cracking and permanent deformation
 Environment friendly
 Economical etc
FATIGUE CRACKING
 Fatigue cracking is one of the fundamental types of failure in asphalt
pavements.
 Basically the design of flexible pavement has two

objectives which are first of all it should not fail

in its design life due to fatigue, rutting etc and
secondly the cost should be optimum.
 Fatigue cracking is essentially associated with repeated loading
 Fatigue is the basic design consideration in the design of any kind of
pavement as the pavement structures are subjected to millions of
repetitions of traffic load.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Name of Authors Name of Investigation Major Findings
Eleni Vassiliadou Coal ash utilization in asphalt concrete Substitution of fine aggregates by coal ash is
Churchill and Serji N. mixtures. technically feasible, however, utilization of coal ash
Amirkhanian, in asphalt specimens decreased 24-h tensile
member, ASCE (1999) strengths.

Baoshan Huang et al Effects of mineral fillers on hot-mix With the increase of filler content,some properties of
(2007) asphalt laboratory-measured properties. HMA improved while others decreased.

Mei-zhu Chen et al Utilization of recycled brick powder as Mixtures prepared with recycled brick powder have
(2010) alternative filler in asphalt mixture. better mechanical properties than mixtures with
limestone filler.

Meizhu Chen et al Potential of recycled fine aggregates Recycled fine aggregates powder can improve the
(2011) powder as filler in asphalt mixture properties of asphalt mixture, such as including water
sensitivity and fatigue resistance.

Anggraini Zulkati et al Effects of Fillers on Properties of Filler influences the amount of asphalt content,
(2012) Asphalt-Concrete Mixture. affects the workability during mixing and
compaction, and the resultant properties of asphalt-
filler mastic contribute to the mixture’s performance.
Name of Authors Name of Investigation Major Findings
Satish Chandra Performance Characteristics of Marble dust, granite dust, and fly ash have
and Rajan Bituminous Concrete with Industrial good potential for their use as filler in
Choudhary (2013) Wastes as Filler. bituminous mixes. Among the three industrial
wastes, marble dust is the most promising filler
and will prove to be very economical also
M. N. Rahman Use of Non-Conventional Fillers on Volumetric properties of the mixture using non-
and M. A. Sobhan Asphalt-Concrete Mixture. conventional filler was not similar as the
(2013) conventional fillers but those were within the
recommended range.
M Satyakumar et Influence of Mineral Fillers on The Creep characteristics, stiffness modulus and
al (2013) Properties of Hot Mix Asphalt. dynamic modulus of hydrated lime as filler is
better than fly ash and phosphogypsum in
HMA.
Debashish Kar et Influence of fly-ash as a filler in The mixes with fly ash as filler exhibit
al (2014) bituminous mixes. marginally inferior properties compared to
control mixes and satisfy desired criteria
specified by a much higher margin.
Dipu Sutradhar et Effect of using waste material as filler Study indicates the possibility of using waste
al (2015) in bituminous mix design. concrete dust and brick dust as filler in
bituminous mix.
 OBJECTIVES
 To determine Marshall properties of asphalt mixture using conventional filler
such as stone dust as filler for four different bitumen contents and for 5% filler
content.
 To determine Marshall properties of asphalt mixture using cement and lime as
partial replacement of stone dust for four different bitumen contents and for 2%
filler content.
 To determine Marshall properties of asphalt mixture using waste materials such
as fly ash and brick dust as partial replacement of stone dust for four different
bitumen contents and for four types of filler contents (1%,2%,3% and 4%).
 To determine optimum filler content (OFC) of fly ash and brick dust based on
maximum Marshall stability.
 To compare Marshall properties of asphalt mixture using different types of
fillers.
….continued
 To determine fatigue life of asphalt mixture using stone dust as filler for
optimum bitumen content (OBC) and for 5% filler content.
 To determine fatigue life of asphalt mixture using cement and lime as partial
replacement of stone dust for OBC and for 2% filler content.
 To determine fatigue life of asphalt mixture using fly ash and brick dust as
partial replacement of stone dust for OBC and OFC.
 To compare fatigue life of asphalt mixture using different types of fillers.
 Finally to evaluate the performance of waste materials using as partial
replacement of conventional filler in asphalt mixture
METHODOLOGY
 Aggregate,fillers and bitumen were collected from locally available regions.
 Physical properties of aggregate,fillers and bitumen were determined.
 Marshall samples were prepared using different types of fillers to determine
Marshall properties of asphalt mixture by Marshall stability test apparatus.
 Fatigue beam samples were prepared using different types of fillers to
determine the fatigue life of asphalt mixture by four point bending fatigue test
apparatus.
 With the help of these test results further analysis were done.
TEST RESULTS OF AGGREGATE
Properties Test Standard Specified Value Test Result

Crushing Value IS:2386 (4) <30% 26.3%

Impact Value IS:2386 (4) <30% 24%

Abrasion Value IS:2386 (4) <40% 38%

Specific Gravity of IS:2386 (3) 2.3-2.9 2.35

Coarse Aggregate
Specific Gravity of IS:2386 (3) 2.3-2.9 2.40
Fine Aggregate
Water Absorption IS:2386 (3) <2% 1.6
Flakiness Index IS:2386 (1) <15% 10.62%

Elongation Index IS:2386 (1) <15% 13%

Angularity Number IS:2386 (1) 0-11 10

TEST RESULTS OF FILLERS
Fillers used in this study are finer than 75 μm in size.

Filler Type Specific Gravity

Stone Dust 2.76

Lime 2.36

Cement 3.2

Fly Ash 2.3

Brick Dust 2.78

TEST RESULTS OF BITUMEN
Property Test Standard Specified Value Test Results
Specific Gravity IS:1202 0.97-1.02 1.01
Penetration IS:1203 80-100 95
Ductility IS:1208 >100cm >100cm
Flash/Fire Point IS:1209 >175 deg centigrade 326 deg centigrade
Loss on Heating IS:1212 <1% 0.6%

Penetration after loss

IS:1203 <57 54
on heating

Ductility after loss on

IS:1208 - 95cm
heating
Softening Point IS:1205 35-70 deg centigrade 40.2 deg centigrade
Solubility IS:1216 0.5% 0.5%
MARSHALL STABILITY TEST
Marshall properties were determined by Marshall stability test

FIGURE :MARSHALL SAMPLES

FIGURE :MARSHALL TEST SET UP

MARSHALL TEST RESULTS USING STONE DUST
AS FILLER
Bitumen Marshall Flow Bulk Air Voids VMA (%) VFB (%)
(%) stability Value Density (%)
(KN) (mm) (g/cc)

4.5 9.20 2.13 2.26 5.25 14.87 64.67

5 10.55 3.34 2.27 4.16 14.86 71.98
5.5 10.09 5.85 2.26 4.01 15.66 74.37
6 9.35 6.8 2.25 3.56 16.20 78.00

Optimum bitumen content is found out as 5.07%

MARSHALL TEST RESULTS USING CEMENT AS
FILLER
Bitumen Marshall Flow Bulk Air Voids VMA (%) VFB (%)
(%) stability Value Density (%)
(KN) (mm) (g/cc)

4.5 7.91 4.75 2.25 5.88 15.45 61.93

5 12.81 2.7 2.28 4.07 14.80 72.49
5.5 8.33 3.3 2.26 4.26 15.91 73.19
6 7.47 5 2.23 4.8 17.30 72.25

Optimum bitumen content is found out as 5.03 %.

 MARSHALL TEST RESULTS USING LIME AS
FILLER
Bitumen Marshall Flow Bulk Air Voids VMA (%) VFB (%)
(%) stability Value Density (%)
(KN) (mm) (g/cc)

4.5 8.12 7.35 2.24 5.63 15.18 62.89

5 11.92 3.65 2.27 3.90 14.59 73.29
5.5 10.18 5.35 2.25 4.21 15.80 73.35
6 9.19 4 2.23 4.18 16.70 74.97

Optimum bitumen content is found out as 5.0 %.

MARSHALL TEST RESULTS USING FLY ASH AS
FILLER
OBC OF FLY ASH USING AS FILLER

Filler Contents of Fly Ash OBC (%)

1% Fly Ash 5.5

2% Fly Ash 5.17

3% Fly Ash 5.1

4% Fly Ash 5.17

MARSHALL TEST RESULTS USING BRICK DUST
AS FILLER
OBC OF BRICK DUST USING AS FILLER
Filler Contents of Brick Dust OBC (%)

1% Brick Dust 5.5

2% Brick Dust 5.5

3% Brick Dust 5.1

4% Brick Dust 5.5

COMPARISON OF MARSHALL TEST RESULTS OF
DIFFERENT TYPES OF FILLERS
COMPARISON OF OBC OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF
FILLERS
COMPARISON OF MARSHALL TEST RESULTS OF
DIFFERENT TYPES OF FILLERS AT OBC
FATIGUE TEST

FIGURE: FOUR POINT

FIGURE: BEAM SAMPLES FOR
BENDING FATIGUE FATIGUE TESTING
TEST APPARATUS
FATIGUE LIFE OF STONE DUST USING AS FILLER
FATIGUE LIFE OF CEMENT USING AS FILLER
FATIGUE LIFE OF LIME USING AS FILLER
FATIGUE LIFE OF FLY ASH USING AS FILLER
FATIGUE LIFE OF BRICK DUST USING AS FILLER
COMPARISON OF FATIGUE LIFE OF DIFFERENT
TYPES OF FILLERS
CONCLUSIONS
 Marshall properties and fatigue life of asphalt mixture using fly ash and brick dust as filler
are found satisfactory and nearly same as that of conventional fillers such as stone dust,
cement and lime.
 Fly ash and brick dust had shown maximum Marshall stability for 3% filler content and
5.5% bitumen content. So 3% fly ash and brick dust were considered as optimum filler
content. 3% filler content of fly ash and brick dust even showing better Marshall stability
than stone dust, cement and lime.
 Optimum bitumen content of stone dust, cement, lime, 3% fly ash and 3% brick dust were
found out as 5.07%,5.03%,5.0%,5.1% and 5.1 % respectively.
 Fatigue life of asphalt mixtures using fly ash and brick dust had shown better results than
that of stone dust as filler though it is less than that of cement and lime.
 So, it is evident that waste materials such as fly ash and brick dust used in this study can be
constructively used as partial replacement of conventional filler in asphalt mixture
especially from environmental and economical point of view.
FUTURE SCOPE
 Bothfly ash and brick dust can be used as filler in asphalt mixtures prepared
with modified bitumen and compared with the results of conventional
bitumen.
 However fly ash can be tried to modify bitumen or by any other binder.
 Alsofatigue life of asphalt mixture using both fly ash and brick dust as filler
can be evaluated at different temperature, strain level and frequency.
PUBLICATION
Junaid Ahmed Barbhuiya, Jit Banerjee, Pabitra Rajbongshi: “Effects of Waste Materials Using
as Partial Replacement of Conventional Filler in Asphalt Mixture”, International Conference
on Recent Issues in Engineering, Science & Technology– 2016 (IER-ICRIEST’16).
REFERENCES
 Eleni Vassiliadou Churchill and Serji N. Amirkhanian, Member, ASCE (1999): Coal ash utilization in asphalt concrete mixtures, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, J. Mater.
Civ. Eng., 1999, 11(4): 295-301,1999
 Baoshan huang, xiang shu and xingwei chen(2007): Effects of mineral fillers on hot-mix asphalt laboratory-measured properties, International Journal of Pavement Engineering, Vol. 8,
No. 1, March 2007, 1–9
 G.D. Airey, A.C. Collop, S.E. Zoorob, R.C. Elliott (2008): The influence of aggregate, filler and bitumen on asphalt mixture moisture damage, Construction and Building Materials 22
(2008) 2015–2024
 Mei-zhu Chen, Jun-tao Lin , Shao-peng Wua,, Cong-hui Liu (2010): Utilization of recycled brick powder as alternative filler in asphalt mixture: Construction and Building Materials
25 (2011) 1532–1536.
 Shaopeng Wu, Jiqing Zhu , Jinjun Zhong, Dongming Wang (2011): Experimental investigation on related properties of asphalt mastic containing recycled red brick powder,
Construction and Building Materials, 25 (2011) 2883–2887,2011
 Meizhu Chen , Juntao Lin , Shaopeng Wu(2011): Potential of recycled fine aggregates powder as filler in asphalt mixture : construction and building materials 25 (2011) 3909–3914.
 Anggraini Zulkati, Wong Yiik Diew, and Darren Sun Delai(2012): Effects of Fillers on Properties of Asphalt-Concrete Mixture, American Society of Civil Engineers,
10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000395. © 2012
 Satish Chandra and Rajan Choudhary (2013): Performance Characteristics of Bituminous Concrete with Industrial Wastes as Filler, American Society of Civil Engineers,
10.1061/(ASCE) MT.1943-5533.0000730. © 2013
 Sebnem Sargin,Mehmat Saltan,Nihat Morova,Sercan Serin,Serdal Terzi (2013): Evaluation of rice husk ash as filler in hot mix asphalt concrete,.Construction and Building Materials
48(2013)390-393,2013.
 M. N. Rahman and M. A. Sobhan (2013): Use of Non-Conventional Fillers on Asphalt-Concrete Mixture, International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, ISSN 2028-9324
Vol. 3 No. 4 Aug. 2013, pp. 1101-1109,2013.
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Technology, ISSN 0976 – 6316
 Debashish Kar, Mahabir Panda and Jyoti Prakash Giri(2014): Influence of fly-ash as a filler in bituminous mixes, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 9, No. 6,
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 Dipu Sutradhar, Mintu Miah, Golam Jilany Chowdhury, Mohd. Abdus Sobhan (2015): Effect of using waste material as filler in bituminous mix design, American Journal of Civil
Engineering. Vol. 3, No. 3, 2015, pp. 88-94.
 MORTH specifications for road and bridge works.
 IS:2386.
 IS:1202.
 AASHTO- T321-14 and ASTM D7460-08.
 ASPHALT INSTITUTE MANUAL MS-2.
THANK YOU