PHOTOGRAPHY

PRESENTEED BY

M U S TAV I FA I A Z TA O F E E

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 PRESENTED TO

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 WHAT IS PHOTOGRAPHY?

Photography is the art, science, and practice of capturing and

preserving images using light. At its essence, it is the process of
using light to create a lasting visual impression, whether for
artistic expression, storytelling, documentation, or
communication. It works by directing and focusing light
through a lens — or in simpler setups, through a pinhole — so
that the incoming light rays form a sharp, coherent image. This
image is then recorded on a light-sensitive surface, which
historically was photographic film coated with chemicals that
reacted to light.

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 ORIGIN OF PHOTOGRAPHY
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The origin of photography began with the camera obscura,
known to ancient civilizations and studied in detail by Ibn al-
Haytham in the 11th century. This device projected images
through a small hole but couldn’t record them.
In the 18th century, scientists discovered that silver salts
darkened when exposed to light, paving the way for
permanent images. In the 1820s, Nicéphore Niépce created
the first lasting photograph, followed by Louis Daguerre’s
daguerreotype in 1839. Around the same time, William Henry
Fox Talbot developed the calotype, allowing multiple copies.
By the late 19th century, George Eastman introduced roll film
and affordable cameras, making photography accessible to
the public — turning the ancient dream of “capturing light”
into reality.

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 COMMERCIAL ASPECT OF
PHOTOGRAPHY

The commercial aspect of photography refers to the use of

photographic skills, techniques, and creativity as a business or
professional service. In this context, photography goes beyond
personal expression or artistic exploration — it becomes a tool to
sell products, promote services, document events, or fulfill specific
client objectives. Commercial photography aims to produce images
with a clear purpose: to attract attention, communicate a message,
and ultimately drive sales or engagement. By transforming
photography from a purely creative pursuit into a market-driven
profession, it bridges the gap between artistic vision and business
needs, allowing photographers to turn their craft into a sustainable
source of income.

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 GENRE OF PHOTOGRAPHY

•Portrait Photography
•Landscape Photography
•Street Photography
•Wildlife Photography
•Sports Photography
•Fashion Photography
•Event Photography
•Architectural Photography
•Macro Photography
•Product Photography
•Documentary Photography
•Astrophotography
•Food Photography
•Aerial Photography

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 PHOTOGRAPHY AS AN
ARTFORM
Photography as an artform is the use of the camera as a creative tool to express ideas,
emotions, and perspectives. Rather than simply recording reality, artistic photography
focuses on composition, lighting, color, and subject choice to create visually engaging,
thought-provoking, or emotionally moving images. Like painting or sculpture, it allows
the artist to interpret the world, tell stories, and convey personal vision.

According to a 2023 survey, over 55% of professional photographers identify art

photography as their primary focus, reflecting its growing importance in the creative
industry. Additionally, the global art photography market is estimated to be worth over
$5 billion, with increasing demand for fine art prints and exhibitions worldwide.

Through careful technique and creative intent, photography becomes more than
documentation — it becomes a medium for self-expression and aesthetic exploration,
shaping modern art and culture.

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 HOW TO USE A CAMERA

1.Turn on the camera.

2.Select a shooting mode (Auto for
beginners).
3.Focus on your subject (auto or manual).
4.Frame your shot using the viewfinder or
screen.
5.Adjust settings if needed (aperture, shutter
speed, ISO).
6.Ensure good lighting.
7.Press the shutter button to take the photo.
8.Review the image and retake if necessary.
9.Save and transfer your photos later.

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 LENS
Lenses are key camera parts that focus light onto
the sensor to form an image. Different lenses
change perspective, field of view, and how light
enters, affecting your photo’s style and feel.
Aperture:
The adjustable opening inside the lens
controlling light intake.
Measured in f-stops (e.g., f/1.8, f/4).
Wider aperture (smaller f-number) means
more light and a blurred background.
Narrower aperture (larger f-number) means
less light and greater focus depth.
Focal Length:
Distance from lens to sensor, measured in
millimeters (mm).
Controls the angle of view and magnification.
Short focal length (wide-angle, e.g., 18mm)
shows more scene.
Long focal length (telephoto, e.g., 200mm)
zooms in on distant subjects.

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 C
H
A
R
T
IL
E

COMPOSTION OF A
PHOTOGRAPH

•Rule of Thirds: Divide the frame into a 3x3 grid and

place key elements along the lines or intersections.
•Leading Lines: Use natural lines (roads, fences,
shadows) to guide the viewer’s eye.
•Framing: Use objects like windows or branches to
frame the subject.
•Symmetry and Patterns: Create harmony with
balanced or repeating shapes.
•Depth: Include foreground, middle ground, and
background to add dimension.
•Contrast: Use differences in color, light, or texture to
make elements stand out.
•Balance: Distribute visual weight evenly so the image
feels stable.
•Simplify: Remove clutter to focus on the main subject.

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 COLOR SCIENCE

Color science in photography refers to the study and

application of how cameras capture, interpret, and
reproduce colors in images. It involves how the camera’s
sensor detects different wavelengths of light and converts
them into digital data. Color science also includes processes
like white balance, which adjusts colors to look natural
under different lighting conditions, and color profiles, which
control how colors appear on screens or prints.

Good color science ensures that photos have accurate,

vibrant, and consistent colors, helping photographers
convey the right mood and realism in their images.

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 METAPHORS

In photography, metaphors are visual symbols or images

that represent deeper meanings beyond their literal
appearance. Photographers use metaphors to tell
stories, evoke emotions, or convey abstract ideas
through their photos. For example, a cracked mirror
might symbolize broken identity, or a winding road could
represent a journey or life’s uncertainties.

These metaphorical images invite viewers to look

deeper and interpret the photograph in personal or
symbolic ways, making photography a powerful tool for
communication and artistic expression.

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 HOW TIMES CHANGE

MODERN PHOTOGRAPHY OLD PHOTOGRAPHY

•Uses digital sensors and electronic • Used film and chemical processes to
processing. capture images.

•Instant image preview and easy editing. • Required long exposure times and careful
development.
•Unlimited shots with memory cards.
• Limited shots per roll and no instant
•Vibrant color and high resolution.
review.
•Compact, versatile cameras and
smartphones. • Mostly black and white or early color
methods.
•Easier sharing through the internet and
social media. • Equipment was bulky and less accessible.

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 FAMOUS
PHOTOGRAPHERS
•Ansel Adams (USA) — Renowned for his black-and-white landscapes of the
American West.
•Henri Cartier-Bresson (France) — Pioneer of street photography and the “decisive
moment.”
•Diane Arbus (USA) — Known for her striking portraits of marginalized people.
•Steve McCurry (USA) — Famous for vibrant photojournalism, including the “Afghan
Girl.”
•Sebastião Salgado (Brazil) — Known for powerful social documentary photography.
•Shahidul Alam (Bangladesh) — Internationally acclaimed photojournalist and
human rights activist, known for documenting social issues in Bangladesh and
beyond.

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