History

GREEK ARCHITECTURE

Greek
TOPIC : OTHER ANCIENT GREEK MONUMENT

SUBMITTED BY –
SUBMITTED TO – VIDHIT KUMAWAT
AR. HARENDRA BHORA MAHESH SHARMA
ROHIT KUMAR SINGH
CONTENT GREEK OTHERS

S
01.
INTRODUCTION
02. OPEN AIR theatRE

03. hippodrome 04. odeon

05. AGORA 06. ASSEMBLY HALL

GREEK CIVILIZATION

GREEK CIVILIZATION, SPANNING FROM THE 8TH TO

4TH CENTURIES BCE, WAS CHARACTERIZED BY
SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTIONS IN ART,
PHILOSOPHY, POLITICS, AND ARCHITECTURE.
GREEK ARCHITECTURE EXHIBITED HARMONY,
BALANCE, AND A FOCUS ON AESTHETICS. THE TWO
PRINCIPAL ORDERS IN ARCHAIC AND CLASSICAL
GREEK ARCHITECTURE ARE THE DORIC AND
THE IONIC, FEATURED DISTINCTIVE COLUMN
DESIGNS AND PROPORTIONS.
“ Open air ”
Theater
C- DIAMETER OF ORCHESTRA: AROUND
20 TO 30 METERS (65 TO 98 FEET).

A- SEATING AREA (CAVEA) RADIUS: 20

TO 40 METERS (65 TO 130 FEET) FROM
THE CENTER OF THE ORCHESTRA.
A- HEIGHT OF SEATING AREA: THE
HIGHEST TIER REACHING UP TO 30
METERS (98 FEET) ABOVE THE
ORCHESTRA LEVEL.
B- SKENE DIMENSIONS: THE WIDTH
AND HEIGHT OF THE SKENE COULD
RANGE FROM AROUND 10 TO 30
METERS (33 TO 98 FEET) AND 10 TO 20
METERS (33 TO 65 FEET),
RESPECTIVELY.
GREEK OPEN-AIR THEATERS WERE AN INTEGRAL PART OF ANCIENT GREEK CIVILIZATION, SERVING AS
VENUES FOR THEATRICAL PERFORMANCES, RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES, AND CIVIC GATHERINGS. THEY WERE
CHARACTERIZED BY SEVERAL ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS:
 SEMICIRCULAR SEATING: GREEK THEATERS HAD A SEMICIRCULAR
SEATING ARRANGEMENT KNOWN AS THE "CAVEA." THIS
ARRANGEMENT PROVIDED OPTIMAL VISIBILITY AND ACOUSTICS FOR
THE AUDIENCE.

 THEATRON: THE THEATRON WAS THE SEATING AREA FOR THE

AUDIENCE. IT CONSISTED OF TIERS OF STONE BENCHES, OFTEN
DIVIDED INTO SECTIONS BASED ON SOCIAL STATUS. THE LOWER TIERS
WERE CLOSER TO THE STAGE, WHILE THE HIGHER ONES WERE
FARTHER AWAY.

 ORCHESTRA: THE CIRCULAR SPACE AT THE CENTER OF THE THEATER

WAS CALLED THE ORCHESTRA. ORIGINALLY, IT SERVED AS A DANCING
AREA, BUT OVER TIME, IT WAS PRIMARILY USED BY THE CHORUS AND
ACTORS.

 SKENE: THE SKENE WAS A BUILDING BEHIND THE ORCHESTRA THAT

SERVED AS A BACKDROP AND A DRESSING ROOM FOR ACTORS. IT
EVOLVED FROM A SIMPLE STRUCTURE TO A MORE ELABORATE
FACADE, PROVIDING A SCENIC BACKDROP TO THE PERFORMANCES.
THE THEATER OF
EPIDAURUS
THE ANCIENT THEATRE OF EPIDAURUS IS A
THEATRE IN THE GREEK CITY OF EPIDAURUS.
THE THEATRE WAS CONSTRUCTED USING
THE NATURAL SLOPE OF THE HILLSIDE. IT
WAS DIVIDED INTO THREE SECTIONS.AND
BUILT BY LOCAL STONE.
OVERALL DIMENSIONS:- THE THEATER OF
EPIDAURUS IN GREECE HAS AN ORCHESTRA
DIAMETER OF APPROXIMATELY 20 METERS
(65 FEET) AND A SEATING AREA RADIUS OF
ABOUT 38 METERS (125 FEET). IT CAN
ACCOMMODATE AROUND 14,000
SPECTATORS.
“
HIPPODROME ”
• GREEK STADIUM FOR HORSE
RACING AND CHARIOT RACING. • THE NAME IS DERIVED
• TEN OR MORE CONTENDED IN THE FROM THE GREEK
GREEK GAMES,SO THAT THE WORDS HIPPOS
WIDTH WAS ABOUT 400 FT (120 ("HORSE") AND
M), THE COURSE BEING 600 TO 700 DROMOS "COURSE").
FT (210 M). LONG
• THE SLOPE OF A HILL, AND THE
GROUND TAKEN FROM ONE SIDE
SERVED TO FORM THE
EMBANKMENT ON THE OTHER
SIDE.
• ONE END WAS SEMICIRCULAR,
AND THE OTHER END SQUARE
WITH AN EXTENSIVE PORTICO
WITH WERE THE STALLS FOR THE
HORSES AND CHARIOTS.
• AT BOTH ENDS OF THE
HIPPODROME THERE WERE POSTS
(TERMAI) THAT THE CHARIOTS
TURNED
THE HIPPODROME OF
CONSTANTINOPLE
THE HIPPODROME OF
CONSTANTINOPLE WAS
ABOUT 450 METERS (1,476
FEET) LONG AND 130 METERS
(427 FEET) WIDE, AND COULD
ACCOMMODATE AROUND 40,000
TO 50,000 PEOPLE. IT WAS A U-
SHAPED CHARIOT RACING
CIRCUS THAT WAS BUILT IN 203
CE AND EXPANDED BY
CONSTANTINE THE GREAT AFTER
324 CE.
 • THE STRUCTURE HAD AREAS FOR SPECTATORS IN TIERS OF
SEATS THAT RAN ALONG THE LENGTH OF THE STRUCTURE
AND AROUND THE CURVED END. DIGNITARIES AND
POLITICIANS HAD SPECIAL SEATING IN BOXES ON THE FLAT
END. HIPPODROMES DIDN'T HAVE ROOFS AND WERE
OPEN TO THE ELEMENTS.
• HE TYPICAL HIPPODROME WAS DUG INTO A HILLSIDE AND
THE EXCAVATED MATERIAL USED TO CONSTRUCT AN
EMBANKMENT FOR SUPPORTING SEATS ON THE OPPOSITE
SIDE. IN SHAPE THE HIPPODROME WAS OBLONG, WITH ONE
END SEMICIRCULAR AND THE OTHER SQUARE; IT THUS
RESEMBLED A U WITH A CLOSED TOP.

• SEATS RAN IN TIERS THE LENGTH OF THE ARENA AND ALONG THE CURVE, WHILE AT THE STRAIGHT END DIGNITARIES
OCCUPIED SEATS ABOVE THE ARENA’S OFFICES. A LOW WALL CALLED A SPINA RAN MOST OF THE LENGTH OF THE STADIUM
AND DIVIDED THE COURSE.
“ ODEONS ”
 AN ODEON (SOMETIMES SPELLED “ODEUM”)
WAS A BUILDING USED FOR MUSICAL OR POETRY
PERFORMANCES.

 ODEON OR ODEUM IS THE NAME FOR SEVERAL

ANCIENT GREEK AND ROMAN BUILDiNGS BUILT
FOR MUSICAL ACTIVITIES SUCH AS SINGING,
MUSICAL SHOWS, AND POETRY COMPETITIONS.
ODEONS WERE SMALLER THAN GREEK
THREATRES.

 THE PROTOTYPE ODEON WAS THE ODEON OF

PERICLES (ODEON OF ATHENS), A MAINLY
WOODEN BUILDING BY THE SOUTHERN SLOPE OF
THE ACROPOLIS OF ATHENS.
 THOUGH EXCAVATIONS HAVE ALSO SUGGESTED
A DIFFERENT SHAPE.
Odeon Of
Atticus
 Odeon Of Atticus: ( AD 161)

• IT WAS BUILT BY HERODES ATTICUS IN MEMORY OF

HIS ROMAN WIFE, ASPASIA ANNIA REGILLA.

• IT WAS ORIGINALLY A STEEP-SLOPED THEATRE WITH

A THREE-STORY STONE FRONT WALL AND A WOODEN
ROOF MADE OF EXPENSIVE CEDAR OF LEBANON
TIMBER.

• IT WAS USED AS A VENUE FOR MUSIC CONCERTS

WITH A CAPACITY OF 5,000. • IT WAS BUILT IN AD 161 ,
DESTROYED IN AD 267.

208 ft × 62 ft x 92ft (63 m × 19 m x 28

m).
AGORA
THE WORD “AGORA” DERIVES
FROM THE ANCIENT GREEK TERM
AGEIREIN, MEANING “TO GATHER
TOGETHER” AND IS ATTESTED AS
EARLY AS THE EIGHTH CENTURY
BCE. IT IS COMMONLY
TRANSLATED AS “ASSEMBLY,”
“ASSEMBLY PLACE,” AND
“MARKET PLACE.” THE AGORA
WAS A CRUCIAL COMPONENT OF
ALL GREEK VILLAGES AND TOWNS
ACROSS THE MEDITERRANEAN.
AGORA. IT WAS A CITY-SQUARE OR AN OPEN AIR MARKET PLACE. IT
WAS ALSO USED FOR FESTIVAL: EXHIBITIONS AND AS AN OPEN AIR
MEETING PLACE. SURROUNDING IT WERE CIVIC HALLS, COUNCIL
HALLS AN STOAS. FOR EXAMPLE, THE AGORA AT ASSOS.
ANCIENT AGORA
OF ATHENS
• THE ANCIENT AGORA OF ATHENS WAS SITUATED
BENEATH THE NORTHERN SLOPE OF THE ACROPOLIS.
• THE ANCIENT AGORA WAS THE PRIMARY MEETING
GROUND FOR ATHENIANS, WHERE MEMBERS OF
DEMOCRACY CONGREGATED AFFAIRS OF THE STATE,
WHERE BUSINESS WAS CONDUCTED, A PLACE TO
HANG OUT, AND WATCH PERFORMERS AND LISTEN
TO FAMOUS PHILOSOPHERS.
• THE AGORA, THE CENTRAL MARKET PLACE OF
ANCIENT GREECE, WAS 30 ACRES IN SIZE AND
CONTAINED SEVERAL MARKETS, THREE STOA, OR
TEACHING PORCHES, TWO THEATERS, A GYMNASIUM,
COURTHOUSE AND PRISON, FIVE TEMPLES AND
MANY SCULPTURES OF GODS AND GODDESSES.
INCLUDE HONOR FOR ZEUS, ATHENA, APOLLO, AND
ARES.
• THIS TEMPLE IS STILL IN GREAT CONDITION TO THIS
DAY.
ASSEMBL
Y
HALL
• ASSEMBLY HALLS PLAYED A CRUCIAL ROLE IN
ANCIENT GREEK SOCIETY AS PLACES WHERE
CITIZENS COULD GATHER TO DISCUSS AND MAKE
IMPORTANT DECISIONS ABOUT THEIR CITY-STATE
(POLIS) AND LAWS ABOUT DAILY LIFE.
• THE CONCEPT OF A FORMAL ASSEMBLY HALL WITH
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES BEGAN TO EMERGE IN
THE LATE 6TH CENTURY BCE. -ONE OF THE EARLIEST
KNOWN ASSEMBLY HALLS WAS THE BOULEUTERION
IN ATHENS, BUILT AROUND 500 BCE. -IT WAS A
RECTANGULAR BUILDING WITH A CENTRAL
MEETING SPACE AND TIERED SEATING FOR THE
CITIZENS.
• DIMENSIONS: 16 M X 22 M X 7-8 M(H)
Thank
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