SURFACE AREA OF
PYRAMIDS AND
CONES
Lesson objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:
• Differentiate between regular and non – regular pyramids, and
between right and oblique cones.
• Identify the parts of a pyramid and a cone (e.g., base, slant
height, altitude, apex).
• Solve problems involving the lateral and surface area of regular ,
and non – regular pyramids and between right and oblique cones.
• Demonstrate mastery by passing the test on surface area of
pyramids and cones with a score of at least 88 %.
SURFACE AREA
• Surface area is the total area that covers the
outside surface of a 3D object. It is the sum of
the areas of all the faces or curved surfaces
of a solid figure.
PYRAMID
• – a three-dimensional shape whose
base is a polygon and whose side
faces (that are triangles) meet at a
point which is called the apex (or)
vertex. The perpendicular distance
from the apex to the center of the
base is called the altitude or height
of the pyramid. The length of the
perpendicular drawn from the apex
to the base of a triangle (side face)
is called the 'slant height'.
PARTS OF PYRAMID
TYPES OF PYRAMID
REGULAR PYRAMID
- A pyramid where the base is a
regular polygon (all sides and angles
are equal) and the apex (top point) is
directly above the center of the
base.
FORMULA TO USE IN FINDING THE
SURFACE AREA OF A REGULAR PYRAMID
PERIMETER: AREA OF THE BASE :
SQUARE BASE: For Square base :
p=4 x s A=s × s or
RECTANGLE BASE: For rectangular base :
p= 2 x ( l x w A+= l × w
TRIANGLE BASE: For Triangular base:
p= s + s + s A=½ × b × h
REGULAR PENTAGON BASE : For Regular Pentagon base :
p= 5 x s A=(5 x s x apothem ( divide by 2
REGULAR HEXAGON BASE: For Regular Hexagon base :
p= 6 x s A= (6 x s x apothem ( divide by 2
FORMULA TO USE IN FINDING THE
SURFACE AREA OF A REGULAR PYRAMID
Where :
LATERAL AREA :
LA =½ x p x l p = Perimeter
s = Side length
SURFACE AREA: b = Base
SA = B + LA h = height
l = slant height
w = width
a = apothem
LA = lateral area
SA = surface area
• Lateral Area (LA)
= is the total area of the sides (excluding the base) of a
three-dimensional figure.
• Slant Height (l):
The height of a triangular face of the pyramid, measured
from the apex to the midpoint of a side of the base.
• Base (B):
The area of the polygon that forms the base of the pyramid.
• Perimeter (P):
The sum of the lengths of all sides of the base.
Example Problem:
A regular square pyramid has:
Base side length s = 6 cm
Slant height l = 5 cm
NON- REGULAR PYRAMID
– A non-regular pyramid is a pyramid where:
The base is an irregular polygon (i.e., the sides and
angles of the base are not all equal).
The lateral faces are not congruent (not all the
triangular faces have the same size or shape). The apex
(top point) is directly above the center of the base, but
the slant heights of the lateral faces may vary.
Steps in finding the Surface Area
of a Non-Regular Pyramid
1. Base Area (B): Find the area of the base using an appropriate formula for the
polygon type.
2. Find the area of each triangular face using:
Area of each triangle = ½ × Base of Triangle × Height of Triangle
(A = ½ × B × H)
3. Find the lateral area by adding all areas of each triangle.
LA = sum the areas of all triangular faces
4. Surface Area (TSA): Add the base area and the lateral area.
( SA = B + LA )
Example : Given :
Base Dimensions :
Length = 8 cm
Width = 5 cm
Triangular Faces :
Front Triangle: Base = 8 cm, Height = 6 cm
Back Triangle: Base = 8 cm, Height = 5 cm
Left Triangle: Base = 5 cm, Height = 4 cm
Right Triangle: Base = 5 cm, Height = 4.5 cm
STEP 1 : FIND THE BASE AREA (B)
Since the base is a rectangle:
B = Length × Width
B = 8 cm × 5 cm
B = 40 cm²
STEP 2 : FIND THE AREA OF EACH TRIANGULAR FACE
Use the formula for the area of each triangle :
Area of triangle = ½ × Base × Height
Front Triangle:
½ × 8cm × 6cm = 24cm²
Back Triangle:
½ × 8cm × 5cm = 20cm²
Left Triangle:
½ × 5cm × 4 cm = 10cm²
Right Triangle:
½ × 5cm × 4.5cm = 11.25cm²
STEP 3 : FIND THE LATERAL AREA (LA)
Now, sum the areas of all triangular faces:
LA = 24 + 20 + 10 + 11.25
= 65.25 cm²
STEP 4 : FIND THE TOTAL SURFACE AREA
(TSA)
Finally, add the base area and the lateral
area:
TSA = B + LA
= 40 + 65.25
= 105.25 cm²
CONE
A cone is a three-
dimensional geometric
figure with a circular
base and a single
curved surface that
tapers smoothly to a
point called the vertex.
It looks like an ice
cream cone.
TWO TYPES OF
CONES
1. RIGHT CONE.
A right cone is a cone in which the vertex is
directly above the center of the base, forming a
right angle (90°) between the base and the height.
Formulas to find the surface area of a right cone:
LA = π × r × l
SA = π × r × l + π × r²
LA ( Lateral Area ) = the curved surface area (excluding the base)
SA ( Surface Area ) = the total area ( lateral area + base area)
Π = pi ( approximately 3.14)
r = radius of the circular base
l = slant height ( the distance from the vertex to the edge of the base )
Example :
Problem:
Find the lateral area and surface area of a right cone with:
r = 5cm
l = 10cm
LA = πrl
= 3.14 × 5cm × 10cm
= 157 cm² S
SA = πrl + πr²
= 157 cm² + 3.14 (5cm)²
= 157 cm² + 3.14 (25 cm²)
= 157 cm² + 78.5 cm²
= 235.5 cm²
2. OBLIQUE CONE
An oblique cone is a cone with a tilted vertex, meaning the top point is
not aligned vertically above the center of the base.
This formula :
A = πr ( r + l )
2
Doesn’t apply to oblique cones:
In an oblique cone, the slant height is not constant, because the side
is slanted at an angle — so we cannot plug in a single value for .
That’s why this formula only works for right cones, not oblique cones.
So instead, when dealing with oblique cones at a basic or intermediate
level, we use the volume formula (which still works because it
depends on the vertical height, not the slant).
Example :
Formula to find the Volume :
Given :
V = ⅓πr²h
r = 5cm
Where : h = 12cm
V = volume V = ⅓ (π)(r)²h
Π = pi (3.14) . = ⅓ (3.14)(5²cm)
r = radius of the base (12cm)
h = vertical height (perpendicular = ⅓ (3.14)(25cm)
from base to vertex) (12cm)
= ⅓ (3.14)(300 cm)²
= ⅓ (942 cm)²
= 314 cm²
THANK YOU!
PREPARED BY :
SAMILLANO ROMELYN B.
ORCAJADA JOHN VINCENT
ALVAREZ PRINCESS NICOLE
M.
