Science

Class
with Ms.
Hazel
 Recall
A volcano with accounts of eruption
documented within 10,000 years.
CLUE:
A _ T _ V _ VO_C_NO
Answer:
ACTIVE VOLCANO
 Recall
A big body of land on the globe.
CLUE:
_ O _ _ IN _ _T
Answer:
CONTINENT
 Recall
A vibration of Earth due to the rapid
release of energy
CLUE:
E__T__U_KE
Answer:
EARTHQUAKE
 Recall
The location on the Earth's surface
directly above the focus of an
earthquake
CLUE:
_ PI _ _ N _ _R
Answer:
EPICENTER
 Recall
The exact site of the origin of an
earthquake, below the epicenter
CLUE:
F_ C _ _
Answer:
FOCUS
 Recall
The liquid rock below the Earth's
surface
CLUE:
_A__A
Answer:
MAGMA
 Recall
A landmass that projects well above
its surroundings; higher than a hill
CLUE:
M _ U _ TA _ _
Answer:
MOUNTAIN
 Recall
A chain of mountains

CLUE:
_ O U _ TA _ N R _ N _ E
Answer:
MOUNTAIN RANGE
 Recall
Earthquake waves
CLUE:
_ E _ SM _ C _ AV_
Answer:
SEISMIC WAVE
 Recall
The first type of seismic wave to be recorded
in a seismic station, these compression waves
are the fastest and travel through solids,
liquids, and gases
CLUE:
P _ IM _ RY W_ V_
Answer:
PRIMARY WAVE
Earth's Geosphere
The Layers of the Earth
The earth is divided into three main layers namely the crust, the
mantle and the core. Understanding the different layers of the
Earth helps us learn about what the Earth is made of, how it is
structured, and how it behaves.
Crust Mantle Core
 Earth's Crust
The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth. It is the thinnest
layer, ranging from about 5 to 70 kilometers in thickness. The
crust can be further divided into two types: continental crust
and oceanic crust.

Continental Crust Oceanic Crust

The continental crust is The oceanic crust is the

the thicker layer of the thinner layer of the
Earth's crust that is Earth's crust that is
found under the found under the ocean
continents. It is about 35 basins. It is about 7
kilometers thick on kilometers thick on
 Earth's Mantle
The mantle is the layer beneath the Earth's crust. It is the
thickest layer, extending from the base of the crust to a depth
of approximately 2,900 kilometers. The mantle can be divided
into an upper and lower layer.

Upper Mantle Lower Mantle

The upper mantle is The solid lower mantle

relatively rigid and contributes to the overall
contains the convection and heat
asthenosphere, a semi- transfer within the
fluid layer that allows the Earth's interior.
movement of tectonic
 Earth's Core
The core is the innermost layer of the Earth, situated
beneath the mantle. It is divided into two distinct
regions: the outer core and the inner core.

Outer Core Inner Core

The outer core is a liquid The inner core is the

layer composed mainly of solid, central part of the
molten iron and nickel. It earth. It has a radius of
has a thickness of about about 1,220 kilometers
2,300 kilometers. and is composed of solid
iron and nickel.
LITOSPHERE
Crust

Upper
Mantle
 Did You Know?
Crust
Lithosphere is
constantly
Upper
moving. Mantle
PLATE TECTONICS
 WHAT IS
PLATE TECTONICS?

Plate tectonics is a scientific

theory that explains how
landforms are created from
the movement of the Earth.
The earth's crust is broken
into Seven large plates and
into several smaller plates.
Seven Large Tectonic Plate
 Smaller Tectonic Plates
1. Caribbean Plate
2. Cocos Plate
3. Nazca Plate
4. Arabian Plate
5. Philippine Plate
6. Juan de Fuca
Plate
7. Scotia Plate
Movement of plates
 WHY DOES IT MATTER?

These plate locations give us

an insight into other patterns.
The locations of mountain
ranges, deep ocean trenches,
ocean floor structures,
earthquakes and volcanos all
occur in patterns.
 DISTRIBUTION OF ACTIVE
VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKE
AND MOUNTAIN RANGES
 Activity 1: Remember where
the edges Meet
Study Map 1 (Distribution of Earthquakes) that shows the
earthquake distribution around the world. The dark areas are the
earthquake epicenters. Take note of the areas where they are closely
situated.
Answer the following questions:
a. How are earthquakes distributed on the map?
___________________________
b. Where are they situated?
_______________________________________________ c. Look at your world map
on page 9 and compare the earthquake epicenters. Name the country/ies
where earthquakes may not happen.
 Activity 1: Remember where
the edges Meet
Study Map 2 (Earth’s Major Volcanoes). Take note that the dark dots
are the active volcanoes.

e. How are volcanoes distributed?

_________________________________________

f. Where are they situated?

_______________________________________________

g. Based on the map, which country/ies will unlikely experience a

volcanic eruption?
Activity 1: Remember where
the edges Meet
Direction: Bring the Maps over the bright light source. Make
sure you see where the dark areas and dots are.

h. How do you compare the location of majority of earthquake

epicenters with the location of volcanoes around the world?
__________________________________________________________________
 Activity 1: Remember where
the edges Meet
Study Map 3 (Mountain Chains), the coarse and darker areas are
the mountain ranges of the world. Place it under Map1 and Map 2.

Bring the maps over any bright source of light available.

i. How will you relate the distribution of mountain ranges with the
distribution of earthquake epicenters and volcanoes?
__________________________________________________________________

j. What do you think is the basis of scientists in dividing Earth’s

lithosphere into several plates?
_______________________________________________________
TECTONIC PLATES
TECTONIC PLATES
 Activity 1: Summary

Q: How are Earthquake epicenters, volcanoes and mountain ranges

distributed?
A: Not Randomly distributed
Q: Where are they situated?
A: At the edges of the continent. Earthquakes epicenter are found in
places where volcanoes and mountain ranges are also located. (They are
all situated in the same location)

Q:What do you think is the basis of scientists in dividing Earth’s

lithosphere into several plates?
A: Geologic activities such as seismicity, volcanism and mountain
formation are the basis of scientist in dividing Earth’s litosphere.
Enrichment Activity
 Re-Circle the Ring

Pacific Ring of Fire

- a long chain of volcanoes and other tectonically
active structures that surround the Pacific Ocean
- one of the most geologically active areas on Earth
and a site for frequent earthquakes and powerful
volcanic eruptions.
 Rethink the Risks

* Let’s see how our country,

Philippines, is at risk of disasters
related to geologic activities.
 Rethink the Risks
a. Which regions are high-risk (darkest shade) in terms of:

1)earthquakes?
___________________________________________________________
2) landslides? _______________________________________________________
3) volcanic eruptions?
_____________________________________________________
4) tsunamis?
______________________________________________________________

b. Are there regions where all the four risks are highly present? List them
down.
 Let’s Assess!
Direction: Supply the missing word to complete the
given information
The crust and a part of the upper mantle make up the 1.
(continent, lithosphere). It is subdivided into portions called
plates. 2.(Continents, Plates) are large pieces of the upper
few hundred kilometers of Earth that move as a single unit
as it 3. (floats, moves) above the mantle.
 Let’s Assess!
There are two kinds of crust: 4. (Continental, Crustal) plates
which are thicker but less dense, and Oceanic plates which
are thinner but 5. (compact, denser).
Plate Tectonics is a 6. (law, theory) which suggests that
Earth’s crust is made up of plates that constantly 7. (move,
rotate) and interact in various ways, thus, producing
earthquakes, mountains, volcanoes, and other 8. (geologic,
land) features.
 Let’s Assess!
The world’s earthquakes, 9. (eruptions, volcanoes), and
mountain ranges are 10 ___________ distributed over the
Earth’s surface. They are both situated at the 11.
___________ near the 12.__________of the continents.
Geologic activities such as 13. __________ or the occurrence
of earthquake, 14. ___________and mountain formations are
the 15.___________of scientists in dividing Earth’s
lithosphere.
 Let’s Assess!
Relate the distribution of earthquake epicenter,
mountain ranges and volcanoes to the plate
tectonic theory (5 points)