PURPOSIVE

MARY FAITH M. LIDAWAN

PhD
Instructor
1. Only 'naturals' can be
good public speakers.
2. If you're good, you
don't get nervous.
3. You have to
memorize your
speech.
4. A good speech is
all in the words.
5. One won’t become a world-
class speaker overnight.
COMMUNICATIO
N PRINCIPLES
Communication is the process of exchanging
verbal and/or non-verbal information between
two or more people who can be either the
speaker or the receiver of the messages

Communication is used to meet the purpose

of a person. The purpose could to be inform,
to persuade, or to entertain.

Communication can be in the form of written,

verbal, non-verbal, and visuals.
Written communication involves texts or
words encoded or transmitted through
memos, letters, reports, on-line chat,
short message service or SMS, electronic
mail or email, journal and other written
documents.

Verbal communication involves an

exchange of information through face-to-
face audio and/or video call or
conferencing, lectures, meetings, radio,
Non-verbal communication involves the
use of the following to convey or
emphasize a message of information

Voice – this includes tone, speech rate,

pitch, pauses and volume.

Body language – this includes facial

expressions, gestures, postures, and eye
contact.
 Personal space or distance – this refers
to an area of space and distance that a
person from different cultures,
personality, age, sex, and status adopts
and puts from another person.

 Personal appearance – this refers how a

person presents himself/herself to a
particular situation, whether formal or
informal.
Visual involve the use of images, graphs,
charts, logos, and maps.

Communication can be intended or

unintended.

 Intended communication refers to

planning what and how you communicate
your ideas to other people who are older
than you are or who occupy a higher social
or professional position such as your
parents, teachers, and superiors, among
 Unintended communication, on the
other hand, happens when you
unintentionally send non-verbal
message to people you are
communicating with, or when you
suddenly make negative remarks out of
frustration or anger.
 Communication is a complex process that
requires you to

• Know your audience,

• determine your purpose,
• identify your topic,
• expect objections,
• establish credibility with your target
audience,
• present information clearly and objectively,
and
• develop a practical, useful way to seek for
feedback
COMMUNICATIO
N PROCESS
The communication process involves elements
such as source, message, encoding, decoding,
receiver, feedback, context and barrier.

Source – the speaker or sender of a message

Message – the message, information, or ideas
from the source or speaker
Encoding – the process of transferring the
message
Channel – the means to deliver a message such
as face-to-face conversations, telephone calls, e-
mails, and memos, among others.
Decoding – the process of interpreting an
encoded message
Receiver – the receipt of the message
Feedback – the reaction of the responses of the
receiver to the message from the sender
Context – the situation or environment in which
communication takes place
Barriers – the factors which may affect the
communication process.
 Process of Communication Example

The speaker generates an idea. Daphne loves Rico as a friend.

The speaker encodes an idea or converts the She thinks of how to tell him using their
idea into words or actions. native language.

The speaker transmits or sends out a She tells him, “Rico, mahal kita bilang
message. kaibigan.”

The receiver gets the message. Rico hears what Daphne says.

The receiver decodes or interprets the He tries to analyze what she means, and he
message based on the context. is heartbroken.

The receiver sends or provides feedback. He frowns and does not say something
because he is in pain.
Examples of barriers to communication:

 Culture
 Individual differences
 Language use
 Noise
 Past Experiences
 Status
Imagine your life and the world you live in
without proper communication procedure.

What do you think will happen?

 Communication can be a one-way or
two way process. Communication as a
one-way process is best illustrated in the
model of Shannon-Weaver (1949). In this
model, the sender is active while the
receiver is passive during the
communication process.
 Shannon-Weaver Model

In 1949 mathematician Claude Shannon and engineer

Warren Weaver developed a basic transmission model of
communication that serves as a foundational tool to
understanding the communication process (Shannon &
Weaver, 1949). The Shannon and Weaver model breaks
communication down into five parts- Sender, Encoder,
Channel, Decoder, Receiver (Figure 1).
 Shannon-Weaver Model

Known as the mother of all communication models,

the Shannon-Weaver model (1949) depicts
communication as a linear or one-way process consisting
of five elements: a source (producer of message); a
transmitter (encoder of message into signals); a channel
(signals adapted for transmission); a receiver (decoder of
message from the signal); and a destination.
 On the other-hand, communication
as a two way process is exemplified by
a transaction model, the message,
information, or ideas are sent and
receiver become active during the
process, and both serve as
communicators.
 Transaction Model

Unlike the Shannon-Weaver model, which is

a one-way process, the transaction model
is a two-way process with the inclusion of
feedback as one element.
 Transaction Model

This model is more interactive. There is a

collaborative exchange of messages between
communicators with the aim of understanding each
other. It also shows that a barrier, such as noise, may
interfere with the flow of communication.
Answer the following questions:

1.What are the different communication

models?
2.What set communication models different
from
each other?
3. Why is feedback important in
communication?
4. When is communication process
GUIDELINES FOR
EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
 Effective communication plays a
crucial role in your personal and
professional success. Below are some
guidelines for effective communication.

 Be clear with your purpose. As a sender,

you must have a specific purpose in
mind. This can help you convey your
message effectively to your target
audience or receivers in written, verbal,
non-verbal, or visual form.
 Support your message with facts. When
you provide the incomplete or vague
information, you can cause confusion.
Hence, you should be well-prepared
with your supporting ideas through
examples, experiences, or observation
when you deliver a message.

 Be concise. There is always a sense to

this cliché , “keep it short and simple.”
Avoid irrelevant or unnecessary derails
 Provide a specific information in your feedback.
Give feedback that is timely, constructive, and
specific to the topic being discussed.

 Adjust to the needs, interest, values, and beliefs,

of your audience. Every person has different
needs and comes from different cultural
background. Your role as an effective
communicator is to adjust to those needs,
interests, values, and beliefs, of your audience.
Essentially, use language or vocabulary which is
appropriate to your audience. Avoid technical
terms and jargons because they can be barriers
 Observe communication ethics. Some
ethical practice in communication have
been mentioned. Observing ethics in a
communication process will help you
build your credibility and make you
more professional.

 Be your natural self and appear very

confident. Have the right attitude happy
disposition in life; control your
emotions, and think well before you
COMMUNICATION
AND
GLOBALIZATION
 Globalization is the expansion
and integration of the cultural,
and political, economic, and
technological domains of
countries.

This reflects that the world is

borderless, and the countries are
interconnected and
interdependent.
 For example, the United States of
America general Electric, Chevron,
Starbucks, and McDonalds), Japan
(Toyota and Honda) and the
Philippines (Jollibee and Bench) have
local companies that have expanded
overseas and have become
transactional or multinational.
 With the advent of
globalization associated with
the advanced technologies and
system across regions, the flow
of the information and
communication has become
smoother, faster, and easier.
 Business transactions and
partnership among local and
international institutions have
become more efficient. One best
example is the use of electronic
mail (e-mail) such as Gmail and
Yahoo Mail, or social networking
sites such as Facebook, Twitter,
and Instagram.
 Consequently, the context of the
globalization requires effective
communication skills from students
and workers to cope with the
demands and challenges brought
about by this phenomenon. This
includes communicating effectively
with people of different background,
age, culture, gender, beliefs,
orientations, preferences, and
status.
 HOW TO
COMMUNICATE
EFFECTIVELY IN A
GLOBAL SOCIETY
1. Express your idea
effectively in verbal, non-
verbal and written forms in
either digital or non-digital
environment or both.

2. Use effective listening skills

to evaluate arguments and
rationalize judgements, and
improve job effectiveness and
3. Communicate with
purpose to a variety of
audiences.

4. Promote collaboration
and cooperation with
others.
5. Understand the
concept of diversity and
promote respect all the
time.

6. Use technology and

social media responsibly.