Binomial Distributio
Group members:
Mayank Kumar 23BAI10008
Jyotiraditya Chundawat 23BAI11359
Amitesh Kumar Deepak 23BAI11197
Akshat Gautam 23BAI11044
Prasad Bargaje 23BAI11332
Lavish Dixit 23BAI11192
Definition and
Characteristics
The binomial distribution is a probability distribution used to
model the number of successes in a fixed number of independent
Bernoulli trials, where each trial has only two possible outcomes -
success or failure.
1 Characteristics 2 Assumptions
The binomial distribution The binomial distribution
assumes that
has two key parameters:
No. of trials is fixed, the
n (the number of trials)
trials are independent,
and p (the probability of
the probability of
success in each trial).
success is constant, and
there are only two
possible outcomes
(success or failure).
Probability Mass Function
Formula Interpretation
The probability mass The formula calculates the
function of the binomial probability of observing
distribution is given by the exactly k successes in n
formula: P(X=k) = (n independent trials, where
choose k) * p^k * q^(n-k), the probability of success
where k is the number of in each trial is p and failure
successes, n is the number is 1-p = q.
of trials, and p is the
probability of success in
each trial.
Mean and Variance
Mean Variance Interpretation
The mean of the binomial The variance of the binomial The mean represents the
distribution is given by the distribution is given by the expected number of successes,
formula: μ = n * p, where n is the formula: σ^2 = n * p * q, where n while the variance measures the
number of trials and p is the is the number of trials and p is the spread or dispersion of the
probability of success in each trial. probability of success in each trial. distribution.
Bernoulli Trials
1
The Bernoulli trial is the basic unit of the binomial
distribution, where each trial has two possible
outcomes: success or failure.
2
The trials are independent, meaning the outcome of
one trial does not affect the outcome of the others.
3
The probability of success (p) remains constant for
each trial, and the probability of failure is (1-p)=q.
Example: Coin Flipping
Let's say you have a fair coin (with a 50% chance of landing heads and a 50% chance of landing
tails) and you flip it 10 times. You want to know the probability of getting exactly 6 heads.
Parameters:
Number of trials (n): 10
Probability of success (p): 0.5
Number of successes (k): 6
The probability of getting exactly 6 heads out of 10 flips can be calculated using the Binomial distribution formula:
𝑃 ( 𝑋 = 𝑘 ) = ( 𝑛C𝑘 ) 𝑝^𝑘 q^ (𝑛 − 𝑘)
Plugging in the numbers:
𝑃 ( 𝑋 = 6 ) = ( 10C6 ) ( 0.5 )^6( 0.5 )^4
P(X=6)=( 6 10 )(0.5) 6 (0.5) 4
= 10 ! /(6 ! ( 10 − 6 ) !)* ( 0.5 )^10
= 210 × ( 0.5 )^10
= 210 × 1/1024 =210/1024
≈ 0.205 ≈0.205
So, the probability of getting exactly 6 heads in 10 flips of a fair coin is approximately 0.205, or 20.5%.
Applications of Binomial
Distribution
Quality Control Clinical Trials
The binomial distribution is Binomial distribution is used
used to model the number of to analyze the success or
defective items in a failure of a new treatment or
production process, helping drug in clinical trials.
to identify and address
quality issues.
Market Research Genetics
The binomial distribution can Binomial distribution is used
be used to model the to model the inheritance of
proportion of a population genetic traits, such as the
that prefers a particular probability of inheriting a
product or service. specific allele.
Limitations and Assumptions
1 Assumptions 2 Limitations
The binomial distribution The binomial distribution
assumes independence, may not be appropriate
a constant probability of when the assumptions
success, and only two are violated, such as
possible outcomes for when trials are not
each trial. independent or the
probability of success
varies across trials.
3 Alternatives
In cases where the binomial distribution is not suitable,
alternative probability distributions, such as the Poisson
distribution or the negative binomial distribution, may be
more appropriate.
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