DECLARATION OF

PRINCIPLES AND
STATE POLICIES
ARTICLE II
DECLARATION OF
PRINCIPLE
SECTION 1 – 6
 Section 1
The Philippines is a democratic
and republican State.
Sovereignty resides in the
people and all government
authority emanates from them.
 Democracy
Political power is
exercised by majority of
people.
 Republic
A government system
in which the power rest
with the nation citizen.
 Section 1
The Philippines is a democratic
and republican State.
Sovereignty resides in the
people and all government
authority emanates from them.
 Manifestation of a Democratic
and Republican State
1. The existence of a Bill of Rights.
2. The observance of the rule of the
majority.
3. The observance of the principle that
ours is a government of laws, and not
of men.
 Section 2
The Philippines renounces war as an
instrument of national policy, adopts the
generally accepted principles of
international law as part of the law of
the land and adheres to the policy of
peace, equality, justice, freedom,
cooperation, and amity with all nations.
 Section 3
Civilian authority is, at all times,
supreme over the military. The Armed
Forces of the Philippines is the protector
of the people and the State. Its goal is to
secure the sovereignty of the State and
the integrity of the national territory.
 Section 4
The prime duty of the Government is
to serve and protect the people. The
Government may call upon the people to
defend the State and, in the fulfillment
thereof, all citizens may be required,
under conditions provided by law, to
render personal, military or civil service.
 Section 5
The maintenance of peace and order,
the protection of life, liberty, and
property, and promotion of the
general welfare are essential for the
enjoyment by all the people of the
blessings of democracy.
 Section 6
The separation of
Church and State shall
be inviolable.
STATE POLICIES
SECTION 7 – 28
 Section 7
The State shall pursue an
independent foreign policy. In its
relations with other states, the paramount
consideration shall be national
sovereignty, territorial integrity, national
interest, and the right to self-
determination.
 Section 8
The Philippines, consistent
with the national interest,
adopts and pursues a policy
of freedom from nuclear
weapons in its territory.
 The Philippines signed on the
agreement of “Treaty on the
Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons”
and “Southeast Asia Nuclear
Weapon-Free Zone Treaty (Bangkok
Treaty), showing that the country had
officially prohibit the using and storing
of Nuclear weapon.
 Section 9
The State shall promote a just and dynamic
social order that will ensure the prosperity
and independence of the nation and free the
people from poverty through policies that
provide adequate social services, promote
full employment, a rising standard of living,
and an improved quality of life for all.
 Policies
◦ Promote full employment
◦ Rising standard of living
◦ An improved quality of life
◦ Sufficient services (health,
education, housing, etc.)
 Section 10
The State shall promote
social justice in all phases
of national development.
 Social Justice
The equal access to
wealth, opportunities, and
privileges within a society.
 Section 11
The State values the
dignity of every human
person and guarantees full
respect for human rights.
 Section 12
The State recognizes the sanctity of family life and
shall protect and strengthen the family as a basic
autonomous social institution. It shall equally
protect the life of the mother and the life of the
unborn from conception. The natural and primary
right and duty of parents in the rearing of the youth
for civic efficiency and the development of moral
character shall receive the support of the
Government.
 Section 13
The State recognizes the vital role of the
youth in nation-building and shall promote
and protect their physical, moral, spiritual,
intellectual, and social well-being. It shall
inculcate in the youth patriotism and
nationalism, and encourage their
involvement in public and civic affairs.
Public and Civic Affairs
◦ Sangguniang Kabataan (SK),
◦ Environmental cleanups,
◦ Community service,
◦ Voter education and participation
 Section 14
The State recognizes the role of
women in nation-building, and
shall ensure the fundamental
equality before the law of
women and men.
◦ RA No. 9710
◦ RA 11313 – Safe Spaces
Act
 Section 15
The State shall protect and
promote the right to health
of the people and instill
health consciousness among
them.
Health Services
◦ Free or affordable hospital treatment,
◦ Immunization,
◦ Maternal care services (for pregnant
women),
◦ Clean water, food, and environment.
 Section 15
The State shall protect and
promote the right to health of
the people and instill health
consciousness among
them.
Example:
◦ Proper nutrition,
◦ Following health protocols,
◦ Avoiding vices (alcohol, cigarettes,
drugs),
◦ Exercise.
 Section 16
The State shall protect and
advance the right of the people
to a balanced and healthful
ecology in accord with the rhythm
and harmony of nature.
 Section 16
The State shall protect and
advance the right of the people to
a balanced and healthful ecology
in accord with the rhythm and
harmony of nature.
◦ Clean Air Act at Clean Water
Act
◦ Prohibition of Illegal Logging
and mining
◦ Reforestation programs
 Section 17
The State shall give priority to
education, science and technology,
arts, culture, and sports to foster
patriotism and nationalism, accelerate
social progress, and promote total
human liberation and development.
 Section 17
The State shall give priority to education,
science and technology, arts, culture, and
sports to foster patriotism and
nationalism, accelerate social
progress, and promote total human
liberation and development.
 Section 18
The State affirms labor as a
primary social economic force.
It shall protect the rights of
workers and promote their
welfare.
 Section 18
The State affirms labor as a
primary social economic
force. It shall protect the
rights of workers and promote
their welfare.
Rights of Workers
◦ Workers have fair wages,
◦ Have safe working conditions,
◦ Have the right to form a union,
◦ Have protection against illegal dismissal, and
◦ Have access to benefits such as SSS,
PhilHealth, and leave benefits.
“Promote their welfare”
◦ Free training and skills development,
◦ Providing job opportunities,
◦ Assistance in times of disaster or job
loss,
◦ Medical services, housing, and more.
 Section 19
The State shall develop a self-
reliant and independent
national economy effectively
controlled by Filipinos.
 Section 19
The State shall develop a self-
reliant and independent
national economy effectively
controlled by Filipinos.
 Section 20
The State recognizes the
indispensable role of the private
sector, encourages private
enterprise, and provides
incentives to needed investments.
 Section 20
The State recognizes the
indispensable role of the
private sector, encourages
private enterprise, and provides
incentives to needed investments.
Importance of Private
Sector
◦Creating jobs,
◦Increasing production and services,
◦Generating tax revenue to the
government,
◦Supporting innovation and competition in
the market
 Section 20
The State recognizes the
indispensable role of the private
sector, encourages private
enterprise, and provides
incentives to needed investments.
 Section 20
The State recognizes the
indispensable role of the private
sector, encourages private
enterprise, and provides
incentives to needed
investments.
 Section 21
The State shall promote
comprehensive rural
development and agrarian
reform.
The Government should:
◦ Develop the provinces and remote areas
◦ Build roads, schools, health centers,
irrigation, and other facilities in the
countryside.
◦ Provide livelihoods, education, and
services
 Section 21
The State shall promote
comprehensive rural
development and agrarian
reform.
Agrarian Reform
- granting land ownership to farmers
who have been cultivating on land
that is not theirs for a long time.
- Comprehensive Agrarian Reform
Program (CARP)
Objectives of the Reform
◦ Reduce poverty
◦ Provide justice and security to those
who truly till the land,
◦ Increase food production and
livelihoods of rural people.
 Section 22
The State recognizes and
promotes the rights of
indigenous cultural communities
within the framework of national
unity and development.
 Section 22
The State recognizes and
promotes the rights of
indigenous cultural communities
within the framework of national
unity and development.
Indigenous Cultural
Communities
◦ Aeta, Igorot, Lumad, Mangyan, etc.
◦ They live in ancestral lands and have a
unique language, faith, and livelihood.
◦ Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA
Law – RA 8371)
 Section 23
The State shall encourage non-
governmental, community-
based, or sectoral
organizations that promote the
welfare of the nation.
 Section 24
The State recognizes the
vital role of communication
and information in nation-
building.
 Section 24
The State recognizes the
vital role of communication
and information in nation-
building.
Communication and
Information
◦ Mass media (TV, radio, newspapers),
◦ Social media and internet,
◦ Publications and news,
◦ Government information (public
service announcements)
 Section 25
The State shall ensure the
autonomy of local
governments.
Unit of Government
◦ Barangay
◦ Town or municipality
◦ City
◦ Province
Objectives of Autonomy
◦ Faster action on local problems,
◦ Better delivery of services
◦ Strengthening citizen
participation in decision-making
at the local level.
Local Government Code of
1991 (RA 7160)
A law that gives local
governments the autonomy to
implement projects, collect
certain taxes, and decide on
their own budget.
 Section 26
The State shall guarantee
equal access to opportunities
for public service and prohibit
political dynasties as may be
defined by law.
 Section 26
The State shall guarantee
equal access to opportunities
for public service and prohibit
political dynasties as may be
defined by law.
 Section 26
The State shall guarantee
equal access to opportunities
for public service and prohibit
political dynasties as may be
defined by law.
Political Dynasty
- repeated holding of
government positions by
members of the same family,
usually for consecutive or
concurrent terms.
 Section 27
The State shall maintain
honesty and integrity in the
public service and take positive
and effective measures against
graft and corruption.
Public Servants must:
◦ Honest in duty,
◦ Does not cheat or steal,
◦ Serves well, quickly, and without
asking for anything in return.
 Section 28
Subject to reasonable conditions
prescribed by law, the State adopts
and implements a policy of full
public disclosure of all its
transactions involving public
interest.