EAPP Reporting
Group 5
Week 13:
UNDERSTANDING
RESEARCH SKILLS
Citing Sources Using a Paraphrase
LESSON 1
Introduction to
Paraphrasing
• Paraphrasing is rephrasing essential
ideas and information in your own
words.
• It’s a valid way to borrow from a
source with a detailed restatement,
not just a summary.
Effective
Paraphrasing Steps
(Part 1)
1. Reread until the full meaning is understood.
2. Set aside the original, then write your paraphrase
independently.
3. Add notes about how you plan to use the
paraphrased material.
Effective
Paraphrasing Steps
(Part 2)
4. Compare with the original for accuracy.
5. Use quotation marks for any directly borrowed
terms.
6. Record the source for easy citation later
Example of
Paraphrasing
Original Passage: Details about students overusing
direct quotes in research papers.
Paraphrase: Summary focused on minimizing
verbatim notes to reduce excessive quoting.
LESSON 2
Words with
Foreign Origins
Examples:
• Vox Populi (Latin): "Voice of the people"
• Vis a Vis (French): "Face to face"
• Robot (Czech): "Machine in human form"
Additional Foreign-
Origin Words
• Epitome (Greek): Condensed account
• Nemesis (Greek): Just punishment
• Poltergeist (German): Noisy ghost
Week 13:
Understanding Research
Skills: Paraphrasing and
Foreign-Origin Words
Module Overview
Topics:
• Paraphrasing: definition, purpose, and
process
• Recognizing and using English words with
foreign origins
Why Paraphrase?
• Paraphrasing involves expressing ideas from a
source in your own words.
• Helps integrate research smoothly, avoiding
overuse of quotes.
• Essential for clear communication, especially in
academic and professional writing.
When to Paraphrase
1.To capture essential ideas without using
exact wording.
2.When the source language is too complex
or technical.
3.To reduce excessive direct quotations.
Steps for Effective
Paraphrasing
• Read the text carefully to understand it fully.
• Write your version without looking at the original
text.
• Use Synonyms where appropriate.
• Check against the original to confirm accuracy.
• Cite the source to avoid plagiarism.
Examples of
Paraphrasing
• Original Text: Excerpt from Thomas Paine’s
The Crisis
• Paraphrase: Paine criticizes those seeking
an easy victory and emphasizes the value
of hard-fought achievements.
Quoting vs.
Paraphrasing vs.
Summarizing
• Quote: Retains exact wording within quotation marks.
• Paraphrase: Restates in your own words, preserving
details.
• Summary: Condenses main ideas in a shorter form.
English Words with
Foreign Origins (Part
1)
• Facade (French): Front or exterior
• Fiancé/Fiancée (French): Engaged man/woman
• Blitzkrieg (German): Rapid military attack
English Words with
Foreign Origins (Part
2)
• Rendezvous (French): Prearranged meeting
• Modus Operandi (Latin): Mode of operation
• Soiree (French): Evening party
Week 14
Citation and
Documentation in
Academic Writing
English for Academic and Professional Purposes
LESSON 1
Introduction to
Citation and
Documentation
• itation and documentation are essential for
academic integrity.
• Prevents plagiarism and gives credit to original
authors.
• Helps establish the credibility of your work.
Importance of
Citation
1.Defense Against Plagiarism
2.Acknowledging Indebtedness
3.Establishing Validity of Evidence
4.Providing Cross-References
5.Creating an Intellectual Network
6.Establishing Authority of Work
Styles of
Documentation
• Note Citation: Endnotes and footnotes.
• Parenthetical Citation: Commonly used
today (MLA and APA formats).
Forms of
Parenthetical Citation
a. Author and Work (MLA Style)
b. Author and Date (APA Style)
APA
(American Psychological
Association) Format
• Used in education, psychology, sociology, and social
sciences.
• In-text citations: Author’s last name and year of
publication.
• Reference list at the end of the paper.
MLA
(Modern Language
Association) Format
• Used in arts, literature, and humanities..
• In-text citations: Author's last name followed by page
number.
• Work Cited page at the end of the paper.
Differences Between
MLA and APA
• In-text Citation (MLA): Wilhoit explains that “you
have a single assertion to report” (59).
• In-text Citation (APA): Wilhoit (2009) explains
that “you have a single assertion to report” (p.
59).
Guidelines for
References
• MLA: Works Cited, double-spaced, hanging
indent.
• APA: References, author’s surname and initials,
year in parentheses.
Week 14
Citation and
Documentation in
Academic Writing
Key Concepts and Practices
LESSON 2
Styles of Citations
and Documentation
Subpoints:
• Note Citations
• Parenthetical Citation
• Footnotes and Endnotes
Citation Styles:
• APA (American Psychological Association)
• MLA (Modern Language Association)
Parenthetical Citation
Subpoints:
• Also called internal citations.
• Appear in the report body.
• Provide just enough info to locate the source in the
comprehensive list.
Example (APA Format):
Installation of a grab bar has resulted in a 28%
reduction in injuries (Francowicz, 2004, p.4).
What Is a Citation?
Clearly identifies the source of the work.
Ways to Cite Sources:
• Quoting
• Paraphrasing
• Summarizing
When to Cite a
Source
• Direct quotes from a source.
• Summarizing or paraphrasing
others' ideas.
• Citing data, facts, or images used
in your work.
How to Cite a
Source
⚬ Cite both in-text and at the end of the paper.
⚬ Provide a reference directly following the cited
information.
⚬ Explain concepts clearly and concisely in your own words.
APA
(American Psychological
Association) Format
• Used in education, psychology, sociology, and social
sciences.
• In-text citations: Author’s last name and year of
publication.
• Reference list at the end of the paper.
MLA
(Modern Language
Association) Format
• Used in arts, literature, and humanities..
• In-text citations: Author's last name followed by page
number.
• Work Cited page at the end of the paper.
Key Takeaways
• Always cite sources when using others' ideas, facts, or data.
• Understand the differences between APA and MLA formats.
• Follow citation rules for academic integrity and clarity.
Thank you for
attentive
listening!
